scholarly journals CHILD LABOR AND THE EDUCATION OF A SOCIETY

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive Bell ◽  
Hans Gersbach
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Continuous Growth

This paper analyzes policies by means of which a whole society in an initial state of illiteracy and low productivity can raise itself into a condition of continuous growth. Using an overlapping generations model in which human capital is formed through child rearing and formal education, we show that an escape from a poverty trap, in which children work full time and no human capital accumulation takes place, is possible through compulsory education or programs of taxes and transfers. If school attendance is unenforceable, temporary inequality is unavoidable if the society is to escape in finite time, but long-run inequalities are avoidable provided sufficiently heavy, but temporary, taxes can be imposed on the better off. Programs that aim simply at high attendance rates in the present can be strongly nonoptimal.

scholarly journals Province-wise Growth Patterns in Human Capital Accumulation

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (4II) ◽  
pp. 873-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sabir ◽  
Zehra Aftab
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Human Capital Accumulation ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Provincial Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Level Data

It is apparent from various labour force surveys that during the past 20 years Pakistan’s employed labour force has become more “educated”. For instance, according to the Labour Force Survey 1982-83, 28 percent of the employed labour force had attained formal education.12 In comparison, the literate employed labour force in 1999- 2000 is estimated at 46 percent, while the formally educated is 43 percent. However, the pattern of growth in educated labour force is not uniform in all four provinces of the country. A closer look at disaggregated provincial level data reflects the disparity in employed labour force in the four provinces: Punjab, Sind, NWFP, and Baluchistan.

scholarly journals The Spillovers of Employment Guarantee Programs on Child Labor and Education

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianshu Li ◽  
Sheetal Sekhri
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Employment Guarantee ◽  
Employment Guarantee Scheme ◽  
Employment Data ◽  
Roll Out

Abstract Many developing countries use employment guarantee programs to combat poverty. This study examines the consequences of such employment guarantee programs for the human capital accumulation of children. It exploits the phased roll-out of India’s flagship Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGA) to study the effects on enrollment in schools and child labor. Introduction of MGNREGA results in lower relative school enrollment in treated districts. It also finds that the drop in enrollment is driven by primary school children. Children in higher grades are just as likely to attend school under MGNREGA, but their school performance deteriorates. Using nationally representative employment data, the study finds evidence indicating an increase in child labor highlighting the unintentional perverse effects of the employment guarantee schemes for human capital.

scholarly journals Investigating the Effects of Different Levels of Formal Education on Iran’s Economic Growth

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Abdollah Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Vector Auto Regression ◽  
Auto Regression ◽  
Different Levels

Human capital accumulation affects economic growth and education is one of the main elements of human capital. Different levels of formal education can leave different effects on economic growth. I used data from the time period of 1981-2013 and vector auto regression method to study the effects of different levels of formal education on Iran’s economic growth. The results showed that increasing schooling at elementary, secondary and higher education levels have a significant effect on growth and in the long run, employees with university degrees, those with secondary and primary school qualifications had the greatest impact on GDP growth, respectively.

scholarly journals Unskilled Migration, Child labor and Human Capital Accumulation of Children in the Presence of Parental Absenteeism

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-138
Author(s):  
Yumna Hasan ◽  
Waqar Wadho
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
Relative Wage ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Human Capital Formation ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Children Left Behind ◽  
The Impact

Temporary unskilled migration and the remittancesit generateshavethe potential to reduce child labor and improve educational outcomes in developing countries. However, recent literature points towards the adverse impact of the parental absenteeism on children left behind. We build a theoretical model to explore the joint impact of remittances and parental absenteeism on child labor and human capital formation of children left behind in the context of unskilled workers’ migration. We find threshold conditions for the relative wage of source to destination countriesbeyond which unskilled migration helps in reducing child labor and increasing human capital. Moreover, the threshold is endogenous and depends on the sensitivity of human capital formation to parental absenteeism relative to the child’s time spent on acquiring human capital. In a special case when the former is equal to the latter, the wages in the destination country should at least be twice as much as in the source country to have a detrimental (promoting) impact on child labor (human capital formation). Since the importance of parental absenteeism would depend on a variety of sociocultural factors such as marriage, presence of extended families, religious communities, and social networks, there will be heterogeneity in the impact of unskilled migration.

Human Capital Accumulation and Resource Abundance

2011 ◽  
pp. 66-77
Author(s):  
O. Vasilieva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Human Capital Accumulation ◽  
Resource Abundance ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Crowd Out

Does resource abundance positively affect human capital accumulation? Or, alternatively, does it «crowd out» the human capital leading to the deterioration of economic growth? The paper gives an overview of the relevant literature and discusses both theoretical and empirical results obtained regarding the connection between human capital accumulation and resource abundance. It shows that despite some theoretical predictions about the harmful effect of resource abundance on human capital accumulation, unambiguous evidence of such impact that would be robust with respect to the change of resource abundance parameter has not been obtained yet.

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