scholarly journals Conventional analyses of data from dietary validation studies may misestimate reporting accuracy: illustration from a study of the effect of interview modality on children's reporting accuracy

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1247-1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert F Smith ◽  
Suzanne Domel Baxter ◽  
James W Hardin ◽  
Michele D Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Validation Studies ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Fourth Grade ◽  
Reporting Accuracy ◽  
Reporting Error ◽  
School Breakfast ◽  
Reference Amount ◽  
Nutrient Data

AbstractObjectiveTo compare two approaches to analysing energy- and nutrient-converted data from dietary validation (and relative validation) studies – conventional analyses, in which the accuracy of reported items is not ascertained, and reporting-error-sensitive analyses, in which reported items are classified as matches (items actually eaten) or intrusions (items not actually eaten), and reported amounts are classified as corresponding or overreported.DesignSubjects were observed eating school breakfast and lunch, and interviewed that evening about that day's intake. For conventional analyses, reference and reported information were converted to energy and macronutrients; then t-tests, correlation coefficients and report rates (reported/reference) were calculated. For reporting error-sensitive analyses, reported items were classified as matches or intrusions, reported amounts were classified as corresponding or overreported, and correspondence rates (corresponding amount/reference amount) and inflation ratios (overreported amount/reference amount) were calculated.SubjectsSixty-nine fourth-grade children (35 girls) from 10 elementary schools in Georgia (USA).ResultsFor energy and each macronutrient, conventional analyses found that reported amounts were significantly less than reference amounts (every P < 0.021; paired t-tests); correlations between reported and reference amounts exceeded 0.52 (every P < 0.001); and median report rates ranged from 76% to 95%. Analyses sensitive to reporting errors found median correspondence rates between 67% and 79%, and that median inflation ratios, which ranged from 7% to 17%, differed significantly from 0 (every P < 0.0001; sign tests).ConclusionsConventional analyses of energy and nutrient data from dietary reporting validation (and relative validation) studies may overestimate accuracy and mask the complexity of dietary reporting error.

scholarly journals Children’s school-breakfast reports and school-lunch reports (in 24-h dietary recalls): conventional and reporting-error-sensitive measures show inconsistent accuracy results for retention interval and breakfast location

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (7) ◽  
pp. 1301-1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne D. Baxter ◽  
Caroline H. Guinn ◽  
Albert F. Smith ◽  
David B. Hitchcock ◽  
Julie A. Royer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retention Interval ◽  
Validation Study ◽  
School Lunch ◽  
Fourth Grade ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Reporting Error ◽  
Conventional Measure ◽  
Report Accuracy ◽  
School Breakfast ◽  
24 Hour Recall

AbstractValidation-study data were analysed to investigate retention interval (RI) and prompt effects on the accuracy of fourth-grade children’s reports of school-breakfast and school-lunch (in 24-h recalls), and the accuracy of school-breakfast reports by breakfast location (classroom; cafeteria). Randomly selected fourth-grade children at ten schools in four districts were observed eating school-provided breakfast and lunch, and were interviewed under one of eight conditions created by crossing two RIs (‘short’ – prior-24-hour recall obtained in the afternoon and ‘long’ – previous-day recall obtained in the morning) with four prompts (‘forward’ – distant to recent, ‘meal name’ – breakfast, etc., ‘open’ – no instructions, and ‘reverse’ – recent to distant). Each condition had sixty children (half were girls). Of 480 children, 355 and 409 reported meals satisfying criteria for reports of school-breakfast and school-lunch, respectively. For breakfast and lunch separately, a conventional measure – report rate – and reporting-error-sensitive measures – correspondence rate and inflation ratio – were calculated for energy per meal-reporting child. Correspondence rate and inflation ratio – but not report rate – showed better accuracy for school-breakfast and school-lunch reports with the short RI than with the long RI; this pattern was not found for some prompts for each sex. Correspondence rate and inflation ratio showed better school-breakfast report accuracy for the classroom than for cafeteria location for each prompt, but report rate showed the opposite. For each RI, correspondence rate and inflation ratio showed better accuracy for lunch than for breakfast, but report rate showed the opposite. When choosing RI and prompts for recalls, researchers and practitioners should select a short RI to maximise accuracy. Recommendations for prompt selections are less clear. As report rates distort validation-study accuracy conclusions, reporting-error-sensitive measures are recommended.

scholarly journals Fourth-grade Children are Less Accurate in Reporting School Breakfast than School Lunch during 24-Hour Dietary Recalls

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Domel Baxter ◽  
Julie A. Royer ◽  
James W. Hardin ◽  
Caroline H. Guinn ◽  
Albert F. Smith
Keyword(s):  
School Lunch ◽  
Fourth Grade ◽  
School Breakfast

scholarly journals ELEMENTARY STUDENTS’ CREATIVE THINKING SKILLS IN SCIENCE IN THE MALUKU ISLANDS, INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-89
Author(s):  
Marleny Leasa ◽  
John Rafafy Batlolona ◽  
Melvie Talakua
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Elementary Students ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Fourth Grade ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Learning Improvement ◽  
Development Of Students

Learning that encourages the development of students’ creative thinking needs to be maximized since the level of primary education, including in the disadvantaged, outermost, and frontier regions that is referred to 3T areas (terdepan, terluar, tertinggal) in Indonesia is still categorized as underdeveloped that requires special attention. The main objective of this research was to diagnose students’ creative thinking skills for four components including fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration on students in the islands. The study was conducted on 161 students sitting in fourth grade from 6 elementary schools. The unique thing why this research was conducted because the research location was one of the Maluku Islands, which has abundant sea, air and land in terms of natural resources and is one of the areas that borders directly with Australia, so it can be predicted students’ creative thinking skills will be good. However, the analysis results report that students’ creative thinking skills were still very low and thus require comprehensive learning improvement to improve students’ creative thinking skills. It was hoped that good creative thinking skills of students will support better regional development in the future.

scholarly journals Investigating the impact of Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) to help improve reading comprehension in low performing urban elementary schools

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 1571-1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Vega ◽  
James Stanfield ◽  
Sugata Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Collaborative Learning ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
Internet Access ◽  
Fourth Grade ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Computer Supported Collaborative Learning ◽  
Urban Elementary Schools ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In the United States, literacy rates vary between socio-economic groups, and this reading gap is also a common feature in the education systems of OECD member states. To help address this reading gap previous research has identified a number of teaching strategies that have a positive impact on student learning outcomes, including the use of peer collaboration and complex texts. However, the contribution of Computer Supported Collaborative Learning to help address the reading gap for students attending low performing urban elementary schools has, to date, received much less attention and little is known about the ability of young students with access to the Internet to read complex texts in groups and how this impacts on individual reading comprehension scores. This study therefore examines the impact of combining the use of complex texts, collaborative learning and access to the internet on the reading comprehension scores of 58 fourth-grade students (ages 10-11). The students met once a week for an hour over six consecutive weeks and read under the following three conditions: eighth grade level texts independently, eighth grade level texts in groups with internet access and fourth grade level texts in groups with internet access. Our findings demonstrate that groups of young students with access to the internet are capable of reading complex texts with minimal teacher intervention. We also believe that this approach has the potential to help students develop both their offline and online reading comprehension skills.

scholarly journals Access to the School Breakfast Program Is Associated with Higher Attendance and Test Scores among Elementary School Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith S Bartfeld ◽  
Lawrence Berger ◽  
Fei Men ◽  
Yiyu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
School Engagement ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Standardized Test ◽  
Reading Scores ◽  
School Students ◽  
School Breakfast Program ◽  
School Breakfast ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe School Breakfast Program (SBP) has grown and evolved substantially since its inception, yet relatively little is known about its impact on school engagement and academic outcomes.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to estimate the impact of the SBP on school attendance and standardized test scores, as well as how impacts differ among student subpopulations and between traditional and nontraditional program models.MethodsThe study uses administrative data from ∼1000 Wisconsin elementary schools during 2009–2014, including almost all public elementary schools in the state except those in Milwaukee Public School District. Over the 5-y period, 168 schools in our sample introduced a new SBP and/or changed the location of breakfast (classroom or cafeteria) or the payment structure. The impact of breakfast availability and type was evaluated using multivariable regression models with school fixed effects and extensive demographic controls, leveraging within-school changes in SBP availability and type.ResultsImplementing the SBP was associated with a 3.5-percentage-point reduction in the percentage of students with low attendance and an increase of 0.08 SD in normalized reading scores among likely-participant boys (P = 0.015), with no impact among girls. When breakfast was offered free to all students, the probability of low attendance was 3.5 percentage points lower than with traditional SBP for a broad cross-section of students (P &lt; 0.001), and math and reading scores were 0.07 and 0.04 SD higher among the higher-income sample, respectively (P = 0.001 and P = 0.035, respectively). When breakfast was offered in the classroom, neither attendance nor reading scores differed relative to cafeteria-based SBP, whereas math scores among likely-participant boys were 0.05 SD lower (P = 0.045).ConclusionsOffering breakfast at school can modestly improve educational engagement and performance, but benefits differ across children and by program structure. Universally free breakfast appears particularly beneficial to both attendance and test scores.

scholarly journals Relative validity of a food frequency questionnaire among tin miners in China: 1992/93 and 1995/96 diet validation studies

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
MR Forman ◽  
J Zhang ◽  
L Nebeling ◽  
S-X Yao ◽  
MJ Slesinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Validation Study ◽  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Validation Studies ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Average Frequency ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Food Recalls

AbstractObjectiveDiet validation research was conducted to compare the respondents' reporting of dietary intake in a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) with intake reported in food recalls. Because the population received annual salary increments that could modify food intake, diet validation studies (DVSs) were conducted during two time intervals.DesignA 99-item FFQ was administered by an interviewer twice in a 1-year interval, and responses to each FFQ item were compared with 28 days of interviewer-administered food recalls that were collected in four 1-week intervals during each season of 1992/93. The second validation study in 1995/96 had a similar design to the earlier one.SettingA prospective cohort study of lung cancer among tin miners in China was initiated in 1992, with dietary and other risk factors updated annually.SubjectsAmong a cohort of high risk tin miners for lung cancer, two different samples (n = 141 in 1992/93, and n = 113 in 1995/96) for each diet validation study were randomly selected from four mine units, that were representative of all worker units.ResultsMiners reported a significantly higher average frequency of intake of foods in the food recalls than the FFQ, with few exceptions. Deattenuated Pearson correlation coefficients of the frequency of food intake between the FFQ and food recalls were in the range of –0.40 to 0.72 in both studies, with higher positive correlations for beverages and cereal staples than for animal protein sources, vegetables, fruits and legumes. The percentage of individuals with exact agreement in the extreme quartiles of intake in the food recalls and FFQ ranged from 0 to 100% in both studies.ConclusionsAmong Chinese miners, the range in correlations between the food recalls and the FFQ were due to: (i) market availability of foods during the food recall weeks compared to their annual reported intake in the FFQ; (ii) cultural perception of time; and (iii) differences in how the intake of mixed dishes and their multi-ingredient foods were reported in the recalls vs. the FFQ. The range in the percentage of agreement in the same quartiles and the changes in food intake over time may have implications for the analysis of the diet-disease relationship in this cohort.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document