scholarly journals Designing the eatwell week: the application of eatwell plate advice to weekly food intake

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 795-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilma S Leslie ◽  
Fiona Comrie ◽  
Michael EJ Lean ◽  
Catherine R Hankey
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Main Meals

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a menu and resource to illustrate to consumers and health professionals what a healthy balanced diet looks like over the course of a week.DesignDevelopment and analysis of an illustrative 7 d ‘eatwell week’ menu to meet current UK recommendations for nutrients with a Dietary Reference Value, with a daily energy base of 8368 kJ (2000 kcal). Foods were selected using market research data on meals and snacks commonly consumed by UK adults. Analysis used the food composition data set from year 1 (2008) of the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey rolling programme. The eatwell week menu was developed using an iterative process of nutritional analysis with adjustments made to portion sizes and the inclusion/exclusion of foods in order to achieve the target macronutrient composition.ResultsThree main meals and two snacks were presented as interchangeable within the weekdays and two weekend days to achieve adult food and nutrient recommendations. Main meals were based on potatoes, rice or pasta with fish (two meals; one oily), red meat (two meals), poultry or vegetarian accompaniments. The 5-a-day target for fruit and vegetables (range 5–6·7 portions) was achieved daily. Mean salt content was below recommended maximum levels (<6 g/d). All key macro- and micronutrient values were achieved.ConclusionsAffordable foods, and those widely consumed by British adults, can be incorporated within a 7 d healthy balanced menu. Future research should investigate the effect of using the eatwell week on adults’ dietary habits and health-related outcomes.

Competition and Contestability in the UK Package Tour Industry: Some Econometric Observations

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Davies ◽  
Paul Downward
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Market Power ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Econometric Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Efficiency Hypothesis

This paper explores competition and contestability in the UK package tour industry. Using econometric analysis of a panel-data set evidence is presented that rules out the market power/efficiency hypothesis. In keeping with Evans and Stabler (1995), there is evidence that the industry is segmented according to the size of the firms. In contrast with Gratton and Richards (1997), the results suggest that it is difficult to support the contestability hypothesis in the industry overall. Future research needs to offer less generalized conclusions in characterizing the industry.

scholarly journals Energy and nutrient intakes of young children in the UK: findings from the Gemini twin cohort

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (10) ◽  
pp. 1843-1850 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Syrad ◽  
C. H. Llewellyn ◽  
C. H. M. van Jaarsveld ◽  
L. Johnson ◽  
S. A. Jebb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
The Uk

AbstractData on the diets of young children in the UK are limited, despite growing evidence of the importance of early diet for long-term health. We used the largest contemporary dietary data set to describe the intake of 21-month-old children in the UK. Parents of 2336 children aged 21 months from the UK Gemini twin cohort completed 3-d diet diaries in 2008/2009. Family background information was obtained from questionnaires completed 8 months after birth. Mean total daily intakes of energy, macronutrients (g and %E) and micronutrients from food and beverages, including and excluding supplements, were derived. Comparisons with UK dietary reference values (DRV) were made usingttests and general linear regression models, respectively. Daily energy intake (kJ), protein (g) and most micronutrients exceeded DRV, except for vitamin D and Fe, where 96 or 84 % and 70 or 6 % of children did not achieve the reference nutrient intake or lower reference nutrient intake (LRNI), respectively, even with supplementation. These findings reflect similar observations in the smaller sample of children aged 18–36 months in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey. At a population level, young children in the UK are exceeding recommended daily intakes of energy and protein, potentially increasing their risk of obesity. The majority of children are not meeting the LRNI for vitamin D, largely reflecting inadequate use of the supplements recommended at this age. Parents may need more guidance on how to achieve healthy energy and nutrient intakes for young children.

scholarly journals Lower carbohydrate and higher fat intakes are associated with higher hemoglobin A1c: findings from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey 2008–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 2771-2782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaitong Churuangsuk ◽  
Michael E.J. Lean ◽  
Emilie Combet
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Status ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Point Increase ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Diagnosed Diabetes ◽  
Fat Diets

Abstract Purpose Evidence of low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets (LCHF) for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) prevention is scarce. We investigated how carbohydrate intake relates to HbA1c and T2DM prevalence in a nationally representative survey dataset. Methods We analyzed dietary information (4-day food diaries) from 3234 individuals aged ≥ 16 years, in eight waves of the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2008–2016). We calculated LCHF scores (0–20, higher score indicating lower  %food energy from carbohydrate, with reciprocal higher contribution from fat) and UK Dietary Reference Value (DRV) scores (0–16, based on UK dietary recommendations). Associations between macronutrients and diet scores and diabetes prevalence were analyzed (in the whole sample) using multivariate logistic regression. Among those without diabetes, analyses between exposures and %HbA1c (continuous) were analyzed using multivariate linear regression. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, ethnicity, smoking status, total energy intake, socioeconomic status and survey years. Results In the overall study sample, 194 (6.0%) had diabetes. Mean intake was 48.0%E for carbohydrates, and 34.9%E for total fat. Every 5%E decrease in carbohydrate, and every 5%E increase in fat, was associated with 12% (95% CI 0.78–0.99; P = 0.03) and 17% (95% CI 1.02–1.33; P = 0.02) higher odds of diabetes, respectively. Each two-point increase in LCHF score is related to 8% (95% CI 1.02–1.14; P = 0.006) higher odds of diabetes, while there was no evidence for association between DRV score and diabetes. Among the participants without diagnosed diabetes (n = 3130), every 5%E decrease in carbohydrate was associated with higher %HbA1c by + 0.016% (95% CI 0.004–0.029; P = 0.012), whereas every 5%E increase in fat was associated with higher  %HbA1c by + 0.029% (95% CI 0.015–0.043; P < 0.001). Each two-point increase in LCHF score is related to higher  %HbA1c by + 0.010% (0.1 mmol/mol), while each two-point increase in the DRV score is related to lower  %HbA1c by − 0.023% (0.23 mmol/mol). Conclusions Lower carbohydrate and higher fat intakes were associated with higher HbA1c and greater odds of having diabetes. These data do not support low(er) carbohydrate diets for diabetes prevention.

scholarly journals Predictors of vegetable consumption in children and adolescents: analyses of the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2008–2017)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Liam R. Chawner ◽  
Pam Blundell-Birtill ◽  
Marion M. Hetherington
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Portion Sizes ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Children’s vegetable consumption is generally below national recommendations in the UK. This study examined predictors of vegetable intake by children aged 1·5–18 years using counts and portion sizes derived from 4-d UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey food diaries. Data from 6548 children were examined using linear and logit multilevel models. Specifically, we examined whether demographic variables predicted vegetable consumption, whether environmental context influenced portion sizes of vegetables consumed and which food groups predicted the presence (or absence) of vegetables at an eating occasion (EO). Larger average daily intake of vegetables (g) was predicted by age, ethnicity, equivalised income, variety of vegetables eaten and average energy intake per d (R2 0·549). At a single EO, vegetables were consumed in larger portion sizes at home, with family members and at evening mealtimes (Conditional R2 0·308). Within EO, certain configurations of food groups such as carbohydrates and protein predicted higher odds of vegetables being present (OR 12·85, 95 % CI 9·42, 17·54), whereas foods high in fats, sugars and salt predicted a lower likelihood of vegetable presence (OR 0·03, 95 % CI 0·02, 0·04). Vegetables were rarely eaten alone without other food groups. These findings demonstrate that only one portion of vegetables was eaten per d (median) and this was consumed at a single EO, therefore falling below recommendations. Future research should investigate ways to encourage vegetable intake at times when vegetables are not regularly eaten, such as for breakfast and as snacks, whilst considering which other, potentially competing, foods are presented alongside vegetables.

scholarly journals Providing evidence to support the development of whole grain dietary recommendations in the United Kingdom

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay D. Mann ◽  
Mark S. Pearce ◽  
Chris J. Seal
Keyword(s):  
Food Composition ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Dietary Fibre Intake ◽  
The Uk

Observational evidence suggests that increased whole grain (WG) intake reduces the risks of many non-communicable diseases, such as CVD, type 2 diabetes, obesity and certain cancers. More recently, studies have shown that WG intake lowers all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Much of the reported evidence on risk reduction is from US and Scandinavian populations, where there are tangible WG dietary recommendations. At present there is no quantity-specific WG dietary recommendation in the UK, instead we are advised to choose WG or higher fibre versions. Despite recognition of WG as an important component of a healthy diet, monitoring of WG intake in the UK has been poor, with the latest intake assessment from data collected in 2000–2001 for adults and in 1997 for children. To update this information we examined WG intake in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey rolling programme 2008–2011 after developing our database of WG food composition, a key resource in determining WG intake accurately. The results showed median WG intakes remain low in both adults and children and below that of countries with quantity-specific guidance. We also found a reduction in C-reactive protein concentrations and leucocyte counts with increased WG intake, although no association with other markers of cardio-metabolic health. The recent recommendations by the UK Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition to increase dietary fibre intake will require a greater emphasis on consuming more WG. Specific recommendations on WG intake in the UK are warranted as is the development of public health policy to promote consumption of these important foods.

scholarly journals Current intakes of Interesterified fats in the UK diet and the dietary impact of their substitution with functionally equivalent alternatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Bruce ◽  
Wendy Hall ◽  
Lucy Francis ◽  
Charlotte Mills ◽  
Sarah Berry
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Baked Goods ◽  
The Uk

AbstractInteresterified (IE) saturated-rich fats are widely used to replace partially-hydrogenated fats as hard fats with functional properties needed for spreads/margarines, baked goods, and confectionary, while avoiding the health hazards of trans fats. However, the amount of IE fat consumed and their predicted pubic health impact relative to other application-appropriate fats is unknown. We investigated current intakes of IE fats and the dietary impact of substitution of IE with functionally-equivalent replacement fats using observational data from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) (years 5–6 (2012–2014), n = 2546) and technical manufacturing data from a UK IE fat supplier. The major sources, types and quantities of IE fat intake were calculated for the total population and different age, ethnic and socioeconomic groups.IE fat contributes 3.4% of total fat and 1.1% of % total energy intake (TEI) (range 0–10.3%), with 19–64 yr old males consuming 1.1% and females 0.9% TEI from IE fats. 19–64 yr old quartiles of TEI intake were: 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.2%. The 65 yr + age category consumed the most IE fat (1.5% Energy), followed by 11–18 yr (1.2%) and 19–64 yr (1.0%). TEI from IE fats was 1% for high-income households, 1.1% for the middle-income group and 1.2% for the low-income group. White individuals consumed more energy from IE fat (1.2% TEI) than all other ethnic groups (0.7% TEI).The main sources of IE fats in the UK are from retail spreads (margarines); 54.2%, baked goods; 22.1%, biscuits; 7.7%, non-dairy creams; 5.9% and confectionery; 5.6%. Palmitic/lauric acid-rich IE fats, formulated from palm and palm kernel oils, account for 70% of IE fat consumed. Reformulation of the largest contributor to IE intakes (spreads) to remove IE fat, but retain the same functional characteristics, increased the saturated fatty acid (SFA) composition from 22% to 37%, 25% to 36%, 39% to 42% in three most commonly consumed spread formulations. Replacement of IE fats with non-IE alternative formulations would increase population SFA intake by 0.3% of TEI.IE fats contribute a small but important amount to the fat intake of the UK population. Removal of IE fat would result in an increase in SFA intake which may have public health implications. Previous research has not focused on the most commonly consumed IE fat blends identified (Palmitic/lauric rich), therefore a re-prioritisation of future research work is recommended to assess the potential impact of IE fats consumed by the UK population.

scholarly journals Associations between Screen-Based Activities, Physical Activity, and Dietary Habits in Mexican Schoolchildren

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6788
Author(s):  
Erica G. Soltero ◽  
Alejandra Jáuregui ◽  
Edith Hernandez ◽  
Simón Barquera ◽  
Edtna Jáuregui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Computer Use ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Mexican Children ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tv Watching

Screen-based activities are associated with increased risk of obesity and contribute to physical inactivity and poor dietary habits. The primary aim of this study was to examine the associations among screen-based activities, physical activity, and dietary habits in school-aged children in Guadalajara, Puerto Vallarta, and Mexico City, Mexico. The secondary aim was to examine these associations across sex. The School Physical Activity and Nutrition survey was used to assess screen-based activities (TV watching, video game use, computer use), physical activity, and dietary habits. Organized activity/sports participation, unhealthy dietary habits, and household income were correlated with screen-based activities. While TV watching was associated with decreased participation in organized activity/sports participation, computer and video game use was associated with increased organized activity/sports participation. Boys engaged in more TV watching and video game use compared to girls. All screen-based activities were associated with age among boys; whereas video game and computer use were associated with higher income among girls. These findings suggest a need for sex- and age-specific strategies that acknowledge the differential use of screen-based activities across sex and age. Future research should continue to identify underlying correlates linking screen-based activities with health behaviors to inform strategies to reduce screen-time in Mexican children.

scholarly journals Disaggregating composite food codes in the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey food composition databank

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (S3) ◽  
pp. S32-S36 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Fitt ◽  
T N Mak ◽  
A M Stephen ◽  
C Prynne ◽  
C Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Composition ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals Nutrient Profiles of Dishes Consumed by the Adequate and High-Salt Groups in the 2014–2018 National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2591
Author(s):  
Hidemi Takimoto ◽  
Emiko Okada ◽  
Jun Takebayashi ◽  
Yuki Tada ◽  
Takahiro Yoshizaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Nutrient Profiles

Dish-based nutrient profile analyses are essential for setting goals to achieve a balanced diet. In 2014, the Japanese government proposed the “Healthy Meal” criteria, which requires a salt content of 3 g/650 kcal per meal. To examine the current intake status of a nationally representative sample, we conducted a series of secondary analyses of the 2014–2018 National Health and Nutrition Survey data. Participants (aged 18–74 years) were grouped as “high-salt” consumers if their salt intake was 3 g/650 kcal or higher and “adequate” consumers if they consumed less than 3 g/650 kcal. A total of 13,615 participants were identified as “adequate” consumers and 22,300 as “high-salt” consumers. The median salt intake in the “high-salt” group was 11.3 g/day, while that in the “adequate” group was 7.5 g/day. Almost all dishes consumed by the “adequate” group had significantly high energy and fat content but low salt content, compared with those consumed by the “high-salt” group. For example, the median energy, fat, and salt contents in the main dishes consumed by the “adequate” group were 173 kcal, 10.4 g, and 0.9 g/dish, respectively, while those in the main dishes consumed by the “high-salt” group were 159 kcal, 8.9 g, and 1.1 g/dish, respectively. Examples of balanced dishes that are low in both salt and fat content can be proposed to help improve the Japanese consumers’ dietary behavior.

scholarly journals Misclassification of coffee consumption data and the development of a standardised coffee unit measure

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Poole ◽  
Sean Ewings ◽  
Julie Parkes ◽  
Jonathan A Fallowfield ◽  
Paul Roderick
Keyword(s):  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Coffee Intake ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
The Uk

BackgroundAssociations of coffee consumption with multiple health outcomes have been researched extensively. Coffee consumption, usually reported in cups a day, is a heterogeneous measure due to numerous preparation methods and cup sizes, leading to misclassification. This paper develops a new ‘unit’ measure of coffee and uses coffee consumption data from a representative sample of the UK population to assess misclassification when cup volume and preparation type are not taken into account.MethodsA coffee unit measure was created using published estimates of caffeine and chlorogenic acid concentrations, and applied across volumes and preparation types. Four-day food diary data in adults from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS; 2012–2016) were used to quantify coffee intake. Participant self-reported cups a day were compared with cups a day standardised by (a) 227 mL volume and (b) 227 mL instant coffee equivalents (unit measure), and the degree of misclassification was derived. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to model coffee drinking preferences of different populations and caffeine:chlorogenic acid weighting assumptions of the unit measure.ResultsThe NDNS sample consisted of 2832 adult participants. Coffee was consumed by 62% of participants. Types varied, with 75% of caffeinated coffee cups being instant, 17% filter, 3% latte, 2% cappuccino, 2% espresso and <1% other types. Comparing reported cups to volume-standardised cups, 84% of participants had correct classification, and 73% when using the coffee unit measure, 22% underestimated and 5% overestimated, largely by one cup. Misclassification varied by gender, age and income. Sensitivity analysis highlighted the benefits of using the unit measure over volume alone to cater for different populations, and stability of the unit composition assumption.ConclusionCup volume and preparation type should be taken into account, through the application of a standardised coffee unit measure, when coffee consumption is classified in future research studies.

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