Mediation of parental educational level on fruit and vegetable intake among schoolchildren in ten European countries

AbstractObjectiveTo examine which factors act as mediators between parental educational level and children's fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake in ten European countries.DesignCross-sectional data were collected in ten European countries participating in the PRO GREENS project (2009). Schoolchildren completed a validated FFQ about their daily F&V intake and filled in a questionnaire about availability of F&V at home, parental facilitation of F&V intake, knowledge of recommendations about F&V intake, self-efficacy to eat F&V and liking for F&V. Parental educational level was determined from a questionnaire given to parents. The associations were examined with multilevel mediation analyses.SettingSchools in Bulgaria, Finland, Germany, Greece, Iceland, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovenia and Sweden.SubjectsEleven-year-old children (n 8159, response rate 72%) and their parents.ResultsIn five of the ten countries, children with higher educated parents were more likely to report eating fruits daily. This association was mainly mediated by knowledge but self-efficacy, liking, availability and facilitation also acted as mediators in some countries. Parents’ education was positively associated with their children's daily vegetable intake in seven countries, with knowledge and availability being the strongest mediators and self-efficacy and liking acting as mediators to some degree.ConclusionsParental educational level correlated positively with children's daily F&V intake in most countries and the pattern of mediation varied among the participating countries. Future intervention studies that endeavour to decrease the educational-level differences in F&V intake should take into account country-specific features in the relevant determinants of F&V intake.

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Fruit and vegetable consumption in a sample of 11-year-old children in ten European countries – the PRO GREENS cross-sectional survey

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980014001347 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 17 (11) ◽

pp. 2436-2444 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Christel Lynch ◽

Asa Gudrun Kristjansdottir ◽

Saskia J te Velde ◽

Nanna Lien ◽

Eva Roos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vegetable Intake ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Fruit And Vegetable Consumption ◽

Fruit And Vegetables ◽

European Countries ◽

Fruit Intake ◽

Fruit And Vegetable ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pro Greens

AbstractObjectiveTo describe fruit and vegetable intake of 11-year-old children in ten European countries and compare it with current dietary guidelines.DesignCross-sectional survey. Intake was assessed using a previously validated questionnaire containing a pre-coded 24 h recall and an FFQ which were completed in the classroom. Portion sizes were calculated using a standardized protocol.SettingSurveys were performed in schools regionally selected in eight countries and nationally representative in two countries.SubjectsA total of 8158 children from 236 schools across Europe participating in the PRO GREENS project.ResultsThe total mean consumption of fruit and vegetables was between 220 and 345 g/d in the ten participating countries. Mean intakes did not reach the WHO population goal of ≥400 g/d in any of the participating countries. Girls had a significantly higher intake of total fruit and vegetables than boys in five of the countries (Sweden, Finland, Iceland, Bulgaria and Slovenia). Mean total fruit intake ranged between 114 and 240 g/d and vegetable intake between 73 and 141 g/d. When using the level ≥400 g/d as a cut-off, only 23·5 % (13·8–37·0 %) of the studied children, depending on country and gender, met the WHO recommendation (fruit juice excluded).ConclusionsFruit and vegetable consumption was below recommended levels among the schoolchildren in all countries and vegetable intake was lower than fruit intake. The survey shows that there is a need for promotional activities to improve fruit and vegetable consumption in this age group.

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Stages of Change for Increasing Fruit and Vegetable Intake in a Japanese Population

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v11n7p139 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 139

Author(s):

Da-Hong Wang ◽

Michiko Kogashiwa ◽

Naoko Mori ◽

Shikibu Yamashita ◽

Wakako Fujii ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stages Of Change ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Vegetable Intake ◽

Linear Trend ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽

Fruit Intake ◽

Fruit And Vegetable ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Maintenance Stage

OBJECTIVE: Thhis study aimed to investigate the reason why people choose to consume less vegetable and fruit through examining how the stage of change and psycho-social parameters relate to vegetable and fruit intake. METHODS: We carried out a cross-sectional study in 4 regions of Japan in which 2308 individuals (1012 men and 1296 women) aged 18 years or older who completed the questionnaires were included in the study. RESULTS: The results showed 56% of the participants were in the precontemplation stage (not thinking about consuming recommended amount of fruit and vegetable) and their average amounts of vegetable and fruit intake were far below the level of current recommendations, and subjects in the precontemplation stage showed lower scores of attitude and self efficacy. Men were more likely to be in precontemplation (67.7%) and less likely to be in action/maintenance stage (7.9%) than women (46.9%, 12.1%, respectively) (p < 0.001). We also observed the scores of attitude (p = 0.06) and self-efficacy (p < 0.01) rose as the stage went up from the precontemplation to action/maintenance for increasing vegetable and fruit intake. Moreover, a linear trend was found toward higher vegetable (p < 0.05) and fruit (p = 0.121) intake from precontemplation to action/maintenance stage. CONCLUSION: The present evidence suggests more attention should be focused on strategy for perceptions of personal need for recommended amount of vegetable and fruit intake for those who are in the precontemplation stage. Moreover, effective programs on enhancement of self-efficacy and attitude toward vegetable and fruit consumption are needed for increasing the vegetable and fruit intake.

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Reliability and validity of a questionnaire to measure personal, social and environmental correlates of fruit and vegetable intake in 10–11-year-old children in five European countries

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1079/phn2004673 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 189-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 107

Author(s):

I De Bourdeaudhuij ◽

K-I Klepp ◽

P Due ◽

C Perez Rodrigo ◽

MDV de Almeida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Predictive Validity ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Vegetable Intake ◽

European Countries ◽

Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽

Fruit And Vegetable ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Environmental Correlates ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

General Self Efficacy

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the internal consistency of the scales and the test–retest reliability and predictive validity of behaviour theory-based constructs measuring personal, social and environmental correlates of fruit and vegetable intake in 10–11-year-old children.DesignTest–retest with one-week interval.SettingFive European countries: Norway, Spain, Denmark, Portugal, Belgium.SubjectsThree hundred and twenty-six children completed the questionnaire during class hours.ResultsFor the total sample across all countries, the test–retest reliability was good to very good (intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) >0.60) for 12 out of the 15 fruit constructs and also for 12 out of the 15 vegetable constructs. Acceptable ICCs, ranging between 0.50 and 0.59, were found for the remaining constructs. Test–retest reliability was comparable across countries. Only in Portugal were some significantly lower ICCs found for some constructs (knowledge and barriers related to fruit, general self-efficacy related to fruit and vegetables) compared with the other countries. Cronbach'sαvalues were moderate to high (range 0.52 to 0.89) with the exception of the general self-efficacy scale, which had a value below 0.50 for both fruit (α= 0.42) and vegetables (α= 0.49). Spearman correlations with intake ranged between -0.16 and 0.54 for personal determinants and between 0.05 and 0.38 for environmental determinants. Compared with other studies, predictive validity can be considered moderate to good.ConclusionsThe questionnaire provides a reliable, valid and easy-to-administer tool for assessing personal, social and environmental factors of potential influence on fruit and vegetable intake in 10–11-year-olds.

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Psychosocial factors and physical activity as predictors of fruit and vegetable intake in college students

Revista de Nutrição ◽

10.1590/1678-98652016000200003 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 173-183 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rafael Miranda TASSITANO ◽

Clarice Maria de Lucena MARTINS ◽

Poliana Coelho CABRAL ◽

Jorge MOTA ◽

Maria Cecíla Marinho TENÓRIO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Behavior Change ◽

Psychosocial Factors ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Vegetable Intake ◽

Perceived Barriers ◽

Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽

Fruit And Vegetable ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Change Strategy

Objective: To analyze whether psychosocial factors and physical activity are predictors of fruit and vegetable intake in young adults attending college. Methods: This cross-sectional study included a representative sample of students from a public university in the Brazilian Northeast (n=717). Fruit and vegetable intake was measured by a Food Frequency Questionnaire containing 21 items. The psychosocial factors for behavior change, measured by a questionnaire, were: behavior change strategy, self-efficacy, perceived barriers and facilitators in decision making, and social support. The level of physical activity was measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Multiple linear regression was the intake prediction model using a significance level of 5% (p<0.05). Results: The median fruit and vegetable intake was 2.0 servings/day. In adjusted analysis, behavior change strategy (R²=0.31), self-efficacy (R²=0.03), friends' support (R²=0.02), and physical activity (R²=0.03) explained 39% of the fruit and vegetable intake variance in men. Behavior change strategy (R²=0.03), self-efficacy (R²=0.13), perceived barriers (R²=0.08), and physical activity (R²=0.02) explained 26% of the fruit and vegetable intake variance in women. Fruit and vegetable intake would increase by one serving for every extra 35 and 47 minutes of physical activity men and women, respectively, practice a day. Conclusion: The main predictors of fruit and vegetable intake are behavior change strategies, self-efficacy, and physical activity.

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Fruit and Vegetable Intake in a Sample of 11-Year-Old Children in 9 European Countries: The Pro Children Cross-Sectional Survey

Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1159/000087247 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 236-245 ◽

Cited By ~ 198

Author(s):

Agneta Yngve ◽

Alexandra Wolf ◽

Eric Poortvliet ◽

Ibrahim Elmadfa ◽

Johannes Brug ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vegetable Intake ◽

European Countries ◽

Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽

Fruit And Vegetable ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional

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Self-efficacy and cooking confidence are associated with fruit and vegetable intake in a cross-sectional study with rural women

Eating Behaviors ◽

10.1016/j.eatbeh.2019.02.005 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

pp. 34-39

Author(s):

Brian K. Lo ◽

Christine Loui ◽

Sara C. Folta ◽

Angela Flickinger ◽

Leah M. Connor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Women ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Vegetable Intake ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Fruit And Vegetable ◽

Cross Sectional

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Fruit and Vegetable Intake of Mothers of 11-Year-Old Children in Nine European Countries: The Pro Children Cross-Sectional Survey

Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1159/000087248 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 246-254 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Alexandra Wolf ◽

Agneta Yngve ◽

Ibrahim Elmadfa ◽

Eric Poortvliet ◽

Bettina Ehrenblad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vegetable Intake ◽

European Countries ◽

Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽

Fruit And Vegetable ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional

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Awareness and outcomes of the fruits and veggies (FNV) campaign to promote fruit and vegetable consumption among targeted audiences in California and Virginia: a cross-sectional study

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-11055-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tessa R. Englund ◽

Valisa E. Hedrick ◽

Sofía Rincón-Gallardo Patiño ◽

Lauren E. Kennedy ◽

Kathryn W. Hosig ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Vegetable Intake ◽

Behavioral Outcomes ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽

Brand Awareness ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Fruit And Vegetable ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Convenience Sample

Abstract Background In 2015, the Partnership for a Healthier America launched the branded Fruits & Veggies (FNV) Campaign to apply a unique industry-inspired marketing approach to promote fruit and vegetable sales and intake to moms and teens in two US pilot markets: Fresno, California and Hampton Roads, Virginia. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to: 1) assess brand awareness and fruit- and vegetable-related outcomes among FNV Campaign target audiences in the California and Virginia market locations; and 2) examine whether reported awareness of the FNV Campaign was associated with differences in fruit- and vegetable-related cognitive and behavioral outcomes. Methods Data for this cross-sectional study were collected using an online survey administered to a non-probability convenience sample (n = 1604; February–July 2017) of youth aged 14–20 years (n = 744) and moms aged 21–36 years (n = 860) in the two pilot markets. Descriptive statistics were computed and outcomes compared between unaware and aware respondents, controlling for sociodemographic covariates. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was conducted to assess whether fruit- and vegetable-related attitude, belief, and encouragement outcomes differed by FNV Campaign awareness; logistic regression was used to examine associations between FNV brand awareness and dichotomous variables (fruit- and vegetable-related behavioral intentions, trying new fruits and vegetables); and ANCOVA was used to assess associations with daily fruit and vegetable intake frequency. Results Approximately 20% (n = 315/1604) of respondents reported awareness of the FNV Campaign. Youth that reported awareness of the FNV Campaign (n = 167, 22.4%) had higher intentions to buy (p = 0.003) and eat (p = 0.009) fruits and vegetables than unaware respondents. Mothers that reported awareness of the FNV Campaign (n = 148, 17.2%) reported greater encouragement for friends and family to eat fruits and vegetables (p = 0.013) and were approximately 1.5 times more likely to report trying a new fruit or vegetable (p = 0.04) than mothers unaware of the Campaign. Daily fruit and vegetable intake frequency did not differ by Campaign awareness. Conclusions FNV Campaign awareness was associated with limited but positive short- and intermediate-term cognitive and behavioral outcomes among target audience respondents. These findings can inform future research to enhance understanding and improve the FNV Campaign as it is expanded to new markets nationwide.

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WIC Cash Value Voucher Redemption Behavior in Jefferson County, Alabama, and Its Association With Fruit and Vegetable Consumption

American Journal of Health Promotion ◽

10.1177/0890117117730807 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 325-333 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Chelsea R. Singleton ◽

William Opoku-Agyeman ◽

Ermanno Affuso ◽

Monica L. Baskin ◽

Emily B. Levitan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vegetable Intake ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Farmers Markets ◽

Grocery Stores ◽

Jefferson County ◽

Fruit And Vegetable ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Supplemental Nutrition Program ◽

Study Participants ◽

Cash Value Voucher

Purpose: To examine cash value voucher (CVV) redemption behavior and its association with fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption among women who participate in the Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Jefferson County, Alabama. Participants: Between October 2014 and January 2015, 300 women (mean age: 27.6 years; 66.8% non-Hispanic black; 45.1% obese) who participated in the Birmingham WIC program were surveyed. Measures: Self-reported information on demographics, produce shopping behaviors, and residential access to fresh produce retailers (eg, supermarkets and farmers markets) was examined. Fruit and vegetable intake was collected via the Block Fruit–Vegetable–Fiber screener. Participants who self-reported redeeming the WIC CVV in each of the 3 prior months were classified as regular redeemers. Analysis: Multivariable-adjusted regression models were used to examine associations between variables of interest and regular WIC CVV redemption. Results: There were 189 (63.0%) study participants classified as regular WIC CVV redeemers. Regular redeemers and other participants (ie, irregular redeemers and nonredeemers) were similar with respect to demographics. Regular redeemers were more likely to use grocery stores to purchase FVs ( P = .003) and consumed significantly more servings of FVs per day (β = .67; standard error = 0.24; P = .007). Conclusion: Regular WIC CVV redemption was associated with some produce shopping behaviors and increased FV consumption and among WIC participants in Jefferson County, Alabama.

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