scholarly journals The association between diet quality and subclinical inflammation among children aged 6–18 years in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilna Oldewage-Theron ◽  
Rozanne Kruger
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Subclinical Inflammation ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Hs Crp

AbstractObjectiveThe study aimed to investigate, for the first time, the association between diet quality (food variety and dietary diversity), intakes of anti-inflammatory nutrients and food groups, and subclinical inflammation as assessed by categories of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP).DesignCross-sectional study.SettingResource-poor, rural children in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.SubjectsA sample size formula determined a representative sample of 235. Five schools were purposively selected and cluster sampling used to select 240 participants. Measurements included 24 h recall and dietary diversity questionnaires, anthropometric and biochemical measurements.ResultsThe sample consisted of 50·4 % (n 118) girls and 49·6 % (n 116) boys. No obesity was found, but overweight was prevalent in 4·2 % of the children. The hs-CRP concentration (median (25th, 75th percentile)) of the low, medium and high risk inflammatory categories was 0·6 (0·4, 0·7), 1·6 (1·2, 2·2) and 4·2 (3·4, 6·4) mg/l, respectively. Body composition parameters did not differ between hs-CRP groups. Most of the anti-inflammatory nutrient intakes (dietary Fe, Zn, Mg, vitamin C, folate, linolenic acid, linoleic acid, MUFA and PUFA) differed significantly between the hs-CRP groups, with intakes increasing from low to high hs-CRP groups, with similar results for linolenic acid (P=0·022) intake. No significant relationships between hs-CRP and any of the food groups could be established, but significant relationships were established between hs-CRP levels and the high density of living arrangements and unhygienic ablution facilities.ConclusionsAlthough no link could be established between overnutrition and hs-CRP levels, an association was found between hs-CRP and dietary quality, as well as socio-economic status.

Assessment of food security among households in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebenezer Toyin Megbowon ◽  
Abbyssinia Mushunje
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Eastern Cape Province ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dietary Diversity Score ◽  
Household Dietary Diversity

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze food security status and its determinants among households in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Design/methodology/approach The analysis is based on the General Household Survey which was conducted in 2014 where 3,033 households were sampled from the province. Specifically, this study examines the determinants of food security proxy by dietary diversity (24-hour recall) using descriptive statistics, Poisson regression. A frequency count of food groups consumed household dietary diversity score was used as the explained variable. Findings The descriptive analysis shows that, although 61.7 percent of households in the study area have a high dietary diversity score, however, food group giving micronutrients are less consumed as food groups having cereals (maize), beef, sugar and oil was mostly consumed. Results on the marginal effect of Poisson regression indicate that household head characteristics (age, gender, education, marital status, and employment status), pension receiving households and geographical location significantly influence household dietary diversity. Originality/value This study advocates for the intensification of rural development and food security programs, formal and informal education for household heads, female empowerment and dietary enlightenment for households in order to promote the consumption of diverse diets and more healthful food groups.

Association of food quality index with subclinical inflammation in middle-aged obese men

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
M.L. Bellotto ◽  
A. Castro ◽  
I.L.P. Bonfante ◽  
D.T. Brunelli ◽  
M.P.T. Chacon-Mikahil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Quality ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

BACKGROUND: High visceral fat storage unbalance secretion inflammatory peptides, however diet plays an important role-protecting metabolism against chronic diseases inherent to this condition. OBJECTIVE: To assess obese diet quality and find association with inflammatory biomarkers. METHODS: aMED, a Food Quality Index, classified the inflammatory power of 26 obese men’s diet (aged: 48.1±5.1; BMI: 31.1±2.45). Pearson correlation coefficient associated diet quality in tertiles (1st as low, 2nd as average and 3 rd as high quality diet) with inflammatory variables (cytokines and waist circumference). RESULTS: The intake of anti-inflammatory food groups was significantly higher among tertiles (3rd >  2nd >  1st; P <  0.001). Adiponectin was lower in the 2nd tertile than in the 1st (P <  0.05). Whole cereal presented a positive correlation with TNF-alpha (p = 0.049), and a negative correlation with IL–15 (p = 0.002). Fish presented a positive correlation with IL–10 (p = 0.024), Resistin (p = 0.039) and PGE–2 (p = 0.001). These findings pointed to pro and anti-inflammatory responses. CONCLUSIONS: The method may need adjustments when used to assess obese food intake, since they don't usually meet the daily-recommended intake. Other lifestyles variables should be considered, which may affect the inflammatory status.

scholarly journals (). PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANALGESIC PROPERTIES OF PENTANISIA PRUNELLOIDES FROM THE EASTERN CAPE PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gugulethu Mathews Miya ◽  
Idris Ajayi Oyemitan ◽  
Opeoluwa Oyehan Oyedeji ◽  
Oluwatobi Samuel Oluwafemi ◽  
Benedicta N Nkeh-Chungag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Eastern Cape Province ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

scholarly journals Maternal dietary diversity and dietary quality scores in relation to adverse birth outcomes in Tanzanian women

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 695-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Madzorera ◽  
Sheila Isanaka ◽  
Molin Wang ◽  
Gernard I Msamanga ◽  
Willy Urassa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Fetal Loss ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Adverse Birth Outcomes ◽  
Food Groups

ABSTRACT Background Preterm birth (PTB), small for gestational age (SGA), and low birth weight (LBW) are risk factors for morbidity and mortality among infants. High-quality maternal diets during pregnancy may protect against these adverse birth outcomes. Objectives The aim of this study was to prospectively examine the association of maternal dietary diversity and quality during pregnancy with birth outcomes among women in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods We analyzed data from 7553 HIV-negative pregnant women enrolled in a multivitamin trial at 12–27 weeks of gestation. Dietary intake was assessed using 24-h dietary recalls. Dietary diversity scores (DDS; range: 0–10) were computed as the number of food groups consumed by women, using FAO's Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women index. The Prime Diet Quality Score (PDQS; range: 0–42) assessed maternal diet quality based on consumption of 21 healthy and unhealthy food groups. Log binomial regression methods were used to assess associations of DDS and PDQS with PTB, SGA, LBW, and fetal loss. Results In the previous 24 h, 99.9% of all women had consumed cereal and staples, 57.9% meats, 4.7% eggs, and 0.5% nuts and seeds. Median DDS was 3.0 (IQR: 2.5–3.5). For the PDQS, all women consumed ≥4 servings/wk of green leafy vegetables and refined grains. Higher DDS was associated with lower risk of SGA (RR highest compared with lowest quintile: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.62, 0.89). Higher PDQS was associated with lower risk of PTB (RR highest compared with lowest quintile: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.66), LBW (RR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.40, 0.70), and fetal loss (RR: 0.53; 95% CI, 0.34, 0.82). Conclusions PDQS was inversely associated with PTB, LBW, and fetal loss, and DDS was inversely associated with SGA. These findings suggest that in addition to dietary diversity, diet quality should be considered as important in understanding dietary risk factors for poor birth outcomes. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00197548.

scholarly journals Foraging Wild Food in Urban Spaces: The Contribution of Wild Foods to Urban Dietary Diversity in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hesekia Garekae ◽  
Charlie M. Shackleton
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Wild Food ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Wild Foods ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

Globally, approximately one billion people benefit from contributions of wild foods to their food security and dietary diversity. Wild foods are known to be important in rural communities in terms of food and micronutrient provision, diversifying diets, reducing vulnerability to non-communicable diseases and overall health. However, the potential contribution of wild foods towards food security and dietary diversity in urban food systems has been largely overlooked. This study examined the contribution of wild foods to household dietary diversity in two towns in South Africa, based on a survey of 137 households. Household diets were quite diverse, with half (51%) having consumed ≥ 8 food groups, 39% consumed 6 or 7 food groups, and only 10% recorded ≤ 5 food groups in the previous 48 h. Wild foods were prevalent across the sample, with 62% of the households consuming them to some degree. Wild vegetables and fruits were the most common wild foods, consumed by 96 and 79% of the households, respectively. Although wild foods had limited significance on overall dietary diversity, they exhibited substantial contributions within particular food groups. For example, the consumption of vegetables and oil and fats was most prevalent among households consuming wild foods than those who did not. The findings show that wild foods could contribute towards diversifying urban diets at a micro-level, within particular food groups consumed, such as vegetables and fruits. Hence, wild foods are important in ameliorating the monotonous diets of some households and in turn promoting dietary diversity.

Variability in Selected Indexes of Overall Diet Quality

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 419-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kant ◽  
Graubard
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Interindividual Variability ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Intraindividual Variability ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
Special Diet ◽  
Health Related

We examined the intra- and interindividual variability in selected measures of overall diet quality in relation to socio-demographic, lifestyle, and health-related characteristics. Three days of dietary data from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1989–91 (7841 respondents, 3337 men and 4504 women, aged ≥ 19 years), were examined. Measures of overall diet quality were: 1. the Dietary Diversity Score (DDS), a measure of variety among the major food groups; 2. the Overall Variety Score (OVS), examined the number of nutrient-dense foods reported; and 3. the Nutrient Adequacy Score (NAS100), evaluated the number of nutrients consumed at least at the level of the RDA from a total of 11. The ratio of intra- to interindividual variance for DDS, OVS, and NAS100 was 1.66, 1.09, and 1.21, respectively, indicating higher intraindividual variability relative to interindividual variability. For each of the three scores, gender, income, education, and smoking were associated with greater intraindividual variability; however, age, and special diet status were associated with lower variability. Thus, the reliability of a given dietary assessment protocol for evaluating “usual” diet quality is likely to vary by the socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics of the study population.

scholarly journals Correlation between Individual Dietary Diversity Score and Nutrients Adequacy Ratio in the Rural Community

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 258-263
Author(s):  
Indresh Kumar ◽  
Madhulika Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Dietary Diversity Score ◽  
Minimum Quantity ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Dietary diversity indicators can serve as a proxy for diet quality and have shown an association with Dietary diversity indicators can serve as a proxy for diet quality and have shown an association with nutrient adequacy at the individual level; it is positively correlated with indicators of micronutrients adequacy in several types of study. The main objective of this study is to examine the nutrient adequacy ratio and its relationship with the individual dietary diversity score in the rural community. The relationship between individual dietary diversity score and nutrients adequacy was assessed with and without the minimum quantity food groups intake restriction. Data was collected through the 24 hours dietary recall schedule and dietary diversity questionnaire by applying 24 hours recall method in randomly selected 491 individuals from the rural areas of Uttar Pradesh state of India. Individual dietary diversity score was measured using the nine food groups system, suggested by Food and agriculture organization, US. An analysis of the relationship with sixteen nutrients was assessed through the Microsoft excel data analysis functions. It was found that iron and niacin intake had moderate-positive co-relation with individual dietary diversity scores, and a weak positive correlation with calcium, thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin-A, potassium, zinc, protein, vitamin-C, folates were found with no minimum quantity intake of the food groups. A negative correlation between sodium, phosphorus, and magnesium intake was noted; and there was no correlation noted with fat and energy. After fixing the minimum intake quantity of the food groups, the relationship between the dietary diversity score and the nutritional accuracy was strengthened. The association of micronutrients with the Individual Dietary Diversity Score was shown to be strong after applying minimum 15 grams intake quantity restriction of the food groups.

scholarly journals Farm Production Diversification and Dietary Diversity among Subsistence Farming Households: Panel Data Evidence from South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10325
Author(s):  
Sikhulumile Sinyolo ◽  
Conrad Murendo ◽  
Admire Mutsa Nyamwanza ◽  
Sithembile Amanda Sinyolo ◽  
Catherine Ndinda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Subsistence Farming ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Farm Production ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Production Diversity ◽  
Farming Households

Improving the production of a variety of foods by subsistence farmers has been identified as a key strategy for improving dietary diversity. However, there is limited evidence in South Africa on how one’s own production is linked to dietary diversity. This study relies on nationally representative panel data to investigate the extent to which farm production diversity is correlated with dietary diversity. The data indicated a moderate level of household dietary diversity that has been on a declining trend between 2008 and 2017. The farm households produced three food groups (meat, cereals, and vegetables), suggesting more reliance on food purchases than own production. The study found a positive relationship between own production diversification and dietary diversity and that dietary diversity varied by demographics and socio-economic characteristics of households. However, production diversity was not significantly associated with the consumption of micronutrient-rich foods such as fruits or vegetables. Higher levels of education, income per capita, food expenditure, and geographic location were some of the key drivers of dietary diversity among subsistence households. The findings suggest that encouraging subsistence farming households to produce various crop and animal species can be an effective strategy to improve dietary diversity among poor households in South Africa.

PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION, ANTI‐INFLAMMATORY AND ANTI‐MICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF SOME SELECTED SEAWEED IN EASTERN CAPE, SOUTH AFRICA

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Adebola Omowunmi Oyedeji ◽  
Gbemisola Morounke Saibu ◽  
Motebang Dominic Nakin ◽  
Opeoluwa Oyedeji ◽  
Mervin Meyer
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Microbial Activities ◽  
Phytochemical Composition ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

scholarly journals A Novel Food-Based Diet Quality Score Is Associated with Nutrient Adequacy and Reduced Anemia Among Rural Adults in Ten African Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1381-1381
Author(s):  
Sabri Bromage ◽  
Yiwen Zhang ◽  
Michelle Holmes ◽  
Wafaie Fawzi ◽  
Sonia Sachs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Quality Score ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Novel Food ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy

Abstract Objectives We aimed to develop and evaluate an easily-tabulated metric that is sensitive to diet quality in diverse settings. In this analysis, we examined associations between a novel food-based metric – the Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS) - and diet quality using data from rural Africa. Methods The GDQS gives points for higher intake of 16 healthy food groups and lower intake of 9 unhealthy groups, based on 3 intake ranges for each group. We scored the GDQS using food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data from 1613 men and 1710 nonpregnant nonlactating women ages 15–49 (median: 30) in 12 rural African villages participating in the Millennium Villages Project in 2006 to 2009. We evaluated associations between the GDQS and nutrient intakes calculated from the same FFQ, body mass index (BMI), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), hemoglobin, and an overall nutrient adequacy score ranging from 0 to 7 (1 point given for each of 7 nutrients meeting average requirements). Associations were also derived for GDQS submetrics (GDQS+ and GDQS−) computed using only healthy or unhealthy food groups, respectively, and simplified versions of the GDQS and submetrics (scored using 2 intake ranges for each food group). Results Moderate rank correlations were observed between the GDQS+ and energy-adjusted intakes of fiber (women: 0.43, men: 0.33), folate (0.40, 0.30), vitamin A (0.40, 0.34), and zinc (0.38, 0.30), exceeding correlations with the Minimum Dietary Diversity Score for Women (p for difference between metrics &lt;0.05 for fiber and folate in both sexes). The simplified GDQS- correlated moderately with energy-adjusted saturated fat intake (women: 0.35, men: 0.29). Rank correlations between the GDQS+ and overall nutrient adequacy score differed notably by country (range: 0.34–0.75), but not by age or season. Adjusting for age, interview month, and household size, the GDQS and GDQS+ were associated with hemoglobin and anemia (p for difference between metrics &gt;0.05): women and men in the highest GDQS+ quintile had an OR of anemia of 0.25 (95% CI 0.09, 0.68) and 0.16 (95% CI 0.04, 0.46), respectively, relative to those in the lowest. Metrics were not associated with BMI or MUAC in adjusted analyses. Conclusions The GDQS and submetrics were associated with nutrient intakes, hemoglobin, and reduced anemia in rural African adults. Funding Sources Intake - Center for Dietary Assessment at FHI Solutions.

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