scholarly journals Brief assessment of food insecurity accurately identifies high-risk US adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1367-1371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Gundersen ◽  
Emily E Engelhard ◽  
Amy S Crumbaugh ◽  
Hilary K Seligman
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
General Population ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Clinical Screening ◽  
Risk Population ◽  
Brief Assessment

AbstractObjectiveTo facilitate the introduction of food insecurity screening into clinical settings, we examined the test performance of two-item screening questions for food insecurity against the US Department of Agriculture’s Core Food Security Module.DesignWe examined sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of various two-item combinations of questions assessing food insecurity in the general population and high-risk population subgroups.Setting2013 Current Population Survey December Supplement, a population-based US survey.SubjectsAll survey participants from the general population and high-risk subgroups.ResultsThe test characteristics of multiple two-item combinations of questions assessing food insecurity had adequate sensitivity (>97 %) and specificity (>70 %) for widespread adoption as clinical screening measures.ConclusionsWe recommend two specific items for clinical screening programmes based on their widespread current use and high sensitivity for detecting food insecurity. These items query how often the household ‘worried whether food would run out before we got money to buy more’ and how often ‘the food that we bought just didn’t last and we didn’t have money to get more’. The recommended items have sensitivity across high-risk population subgroups of ≥97 % and a specificity of ≥74 % for food insecurity.

scholarly journals Blood pressure control in the general and high risk populations, longitudinal trends

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Bruthans ◽  
O Mayer ◽  
R Cifkova
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
High Risk ◽  
General Population ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Hypertension Control ◽  
Risk Population ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
High Risk Populations

Abstract Introduction Despite better control of high blood pressure (BP) in the general as well as high cardiovascular (CV) risk populations as a factor contributing to the decrease in CV mortality since 1990, the targets set by the guidelines may not have been reached. Purpose We analysed longitudinal trends in BP control in the general and high risk populations, to assess implementation of guidelines and to identify subpopulations with still unsatisfactory BP control. Methods Analysis of seven independent surveys of the general population (Czech MONICA and post-MONICA studies, 1985–2017) and five independent surveys of patients with stable manifest coronary heart disease (CHD) 1995–2017 (Czech samples of the EUROASPIRE I-V surveys). Results A total of 15 000 persons (Czech MONICA) and 2 098 patients (Czech EUROASPIRE) were investigated. In the 1985–2017 period, mean systolic BP decreased in the general population (MONICA) from 134 to 128 mmHg (p<0.001) and diastolic BP from 84 to 82.5 mmHg (p<0.01), hypertensive levels of BP (>140/90mmHg) were found in 45% in 1995 but only in 27.5% in 2017, and the prevalence of uncontrolled severe hypertension (BP>180/110 mmHg) decreased from 3 to 1%. The proportion of properly controlled hypertension increased from 13.2 to 53% (p<0.0001). In the 1995–2017 surveys of the high-risk population (EUROASPIRE) systolic BP decreased from 144.1 to 135.5 mmHg (p<0.001), diastolic BP from 87.5to 83.5mmHg (p<0.01), higher than recommended BP (>140/90mmHg, >140/85mmHg in diabetics) was found in 66.2% in 1995, still present as much as in 54.4% in 2017. Proportion of patients with very high BP (BP>180/110 mmHg) decreased from 18.4 to 1% only. Drugs with a potentially antihypertensive effect were used in 79.9 and 95.3% of patients in 1995 and 2017, respectively (p<0.0001). Population BP levels ceased to decline since 2000/01 survey, in the CHD population since the 2012/13 survey. This is obviously due to considerable increase in prevalence of obesity, and an increasing prevalence of diabetes, both in the general and high-risk populations. The more intensive medical high BP treatment seems to have a beneficial effect on hypertension control, even more in the general than in the high risk population. Conclusions The recent trend in BP levels, both in the general and high-risk populations, are far from satisfactory, with the main causative factor suggested to be the increasing prevalence of obesity and diabetes. While there has been progress in hypertension control, more in the general nad limited in high-risk population, truly effective BP control may be illusory without comprehensive CV risk factor control. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Agency for Medical Research, Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic

scholarly journals High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin I Measurement for Risk Stratification in a Stable High-Risk Population

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 1146-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A Kavsak ◽  
Liqin Xu ◽  
Salim Yusuf ◽  
Matthew J McQueen
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Cardiac Troponin ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cardiovascular Death ◽  
Cardiac Troponin I ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Risk Population ◽  
Individual Outcomes

BACKGROUND Past investigations regarding the utility of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (cTnI) assays have been focused primarily on the acute coronary syndrome setting. We assessed whether such assays can predict future ischemic cardiovascular events in a stable high-risk population. METHODS We quantified serum cTnI using an investigational high-sensitivity assay (hs-cTnI IUO, Beckman Coulter) in 2572 participants from the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) study. The derived ROC curve cutoff and the 99th percentile for the hs-cTnI assay were assessed by Kaplan–Meier and Cox analyses for the primary outcome [composite of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and cardiovascular death] at 4.5 years of follow-up. We also assessed individual outcomes (MI, stroke, cardiovascular death) and the combined outcome (MI/cardiovascular death) by regression analyses to determine hazard ratios (HRs) and c statistics in models that included established risk factors, C-reactive protein, and N-terminal pro-B–type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). RESULTS Participants with hs-cTnI >6 ng/L (ROC cutoff) were at higher risk for the primary outcome (HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.09–1.76; P = 0.008, adjusted models). For the individual outcomes, participants with hs-cTnI above the 99th percentile (≥10 ng/L) had higher risk for cardiovascular death (HR 2.15, 95% CI 1.32–3.52; P = 0.002) and MI (HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.05–2.10; P = 0.025) but not stroke (HR 1.38, 95% CI 0.76–2.47; P = 0.288, adjusted models). Addition of hs-cTnI to an established risk model with NT-proBNP also yielded a higher c statistic for the combined outcome of MI/cardiovascular death. CONCLUSIONS The investigational Beckman Coulter hs-cTnI assay provides prognostic information for future MI and cardiovascular death in a stable high-risk population.

scholarly journals Hepatitis E prevalence in a sexual high-risk population compared to the general population

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. e0191798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne Heil ◽  
Christian J. P. A. Hoebe ◽  
Inge H. M. van Loo ◽  
Jochen W. L. Cals ◽  
Geneviève A. F. S. van Liere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
General Population ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Risk Population

scholarly journals Effect of a New Casino on Problem Gambling in Treatment-Seeking Substance Abusers

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Toneatto ◽  
Donna Ferguson ◽  
Judy Brennan
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
General Population ◽  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Substance Abusers ◽  
Slot Machines ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Gambling Problems ◽  
South Oaks Gambling Screen ◽  
Risk Population

Problem gambling rates are frequently found to be higher in those who abuse substances than in the general population, and this group represents a well-established high-risk population for developing the disorder. In this study of 853 residential substance abusers, approximately 10% scored in the problem gambling range on the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS). On most descriptive variables, these subjects appeared to be similar to substance abusers who do not have gambling problems. However, they tended to participate in more gambling behaviours and had more relationships with individuals who also gambled. There is some evidence that the introduction of a new casino in the community increased the SOGS scores for subjects who gambled most frequently on such casinorelated gaming as slot machines, cards, and casino games.

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