Food Insecurity and the Double Burden of Malnutrition in Colombian Rural Households

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to examine in Colombian rural households the association between different severity levels of household food insecurity and the presence of the double burden of malnutrition (SCOWT), defined as the coexistence of a stunted child under five years and an overweight or obese (OWOB) mother. Design: A secondary data analysis was conducted using cross-sectional data from the Colombian National Nutritional Survey (ENSIN) 2015. Household food insecurity status was assessed by using the Latin-American and Caribbean Food Security Scale (ELCSA). The household SCOWT status (child stunting and OWOB mother) was determined using anthropometric data from a mother and her child. Setting: Rural Colombia Participants: 2.350 mother-child pairs living in the same household Results: Sixty-two percent of the households were food insecure and SCOWT was present in 7.8% of the households. Moderate (OR: 2.39 – CI: 1.36 - 4.21) and severe (OR: 1.86 – CI: 1.10 - 3.15) food insecurity was associated with SCOWT in an unadjusted logistic regression. Only moderate food insecurity remained significantly associated with SCOWT in a multivariate logistic regression (aOR: 2.41 - IC: 1.24 – 4.68). Conclusions: Colombian rural areas are not exempt from the worldwide concern of increasing OWOB rates while stunting is still persistent. These results highlight the need of implementing double duty rural actions targeting most vulnerable households to SCOWT, particularly in terms of overcoming food insecurity beyond hunger satisfaction to prevent all forms of malnutrition.

Download Full-text

Association between food insecurity and anemia among women of reproductive age

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.1945 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. e1945 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Bishwajit Ghose ◽

Shangfeng Tang ◽

Sanni Yaya ◽

Zhanchun Feng

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Household Food Insecurity ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Wealth Status ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Household Food

Background:Food insecurity and hidden hunger (micronutrient deficiency) affect about two billion people globally. Household food insecurity (HFI) has been shown to be associated with one or multiple micronutrient (MMN) deficiencies among women and children. Chronic food insecurity leads to various deficiency disorders, among which anemia stands out as the most prevalent one. As a high malnutrition prevalent country, Bangladesh has one of the highest rates of anemia among all Asian countries. In this study, we wanted to investigate for any association exists between HFI and anemia among women of reproductive age in Bangladesh.Methodology:Information about demographics, socioeconomic and anemia status on 5,666 married women ageing between 13 and 40 years were collected from a nationally representative cross-sectional survey Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS 2011). Food security was measured by the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS). Capillary hemoglobin concentration (Hb) measured by HemoCue® was used as the biomarker of anemia. Data were analysed using cross-tabulation, chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression methods.Results:Anemia prevalence was 41.7%. Logistic regression showed statistically significant association with anemia and type of residency (p = 0.459; OR = 0.953, 95%CI = 0.840–1.082), wealth status (Poorest: p < 0.001; OR = 1.369, 95%CI = 1.176–1.594; and average: p = 0.030; 95%CI = 1.017–1.398), educational attainment (p < 0.001; OR = 1.276, 95%CI = 1.132–1.439) and household food insecurity (p < 0.001; 95%CI = 1.348–1.830). Women who reported food insecurity were about 1.6 times more likely to suffer from anemia compared to their food secure counterparts.Conclusion:HFI is a significant predictor of anemia among women of reproductive age in Bangladesh. Programs targeting HFI could prove beneficial for anemia reduction strategies. Gender aspects of food and nutrition insecurity should be taken into consideration in designing national anemia prevention frameworks.

Download Full-text

Household level determinants of food insecurity in rural areas of Dire Dawa, eastern Ethiopia

African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development ◽

10.18697/ajfand.30.3740 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 9 (30) ◽

pp. 1914-1926

Author(s):

Ayalneh Bogale ◽

◽

Shimelis A ◽

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Survey Data ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Rural Households ◽

Household Head ◽

Household Food Insecurity ◽

Household Level ◽

Household Food ◽

Dire Dawa

Even though the struggle to achieve food security at the household level in the rural areas of Ethiopia dates back a long period, it has remained as a challenging goal even today. Making their living on marginal, moisture stressed, heavily degraded and less productive land, households in rural areas of Dire Dawa face persistent food shortages. The design and implementation of effective measures to reduce household food insecurity in the region depends on in-depth understanding of its covariates. This study seeks to address these issues by assessing location specific socio-economic factors that influence food insecurity of households in rural areas of Dire Dawa Administrative region. The analysis is based on survey data gathered from randomly selected 115 sample rural households in the study area. A binary logit model was used to identify the factors influencing household level food insecurity. A total of thirteen explanatory variables were included in the empirical model. The empirical results estimated using the survey data to identify the determinants of food insecurity among rural households in the study area revealed mixed impressions. Among variables considered , family size, annual income, amount of credit received, access to irrigation, age of household head, farm size, and livestock owned showed theoretically consistent and statistically significant effect. However, estimated coefficients of number of oxen owned and dependency ratio showed theoretically inconsistent and statistically insignificant effect on the probability of household to be food insecure.. Estimated coefficients of sex of household head, total off-farm income, education of household head and amount of food aid received were not found to be statistically significant in determining household food insecurity in the study area. The findings imply that improvement in food security situation needs to build assets, improve the functioning of rural financial markets and promote family planning. These areas could provide entry points for policy intervention to reduce hunger and augment household and community livelihood opportunities.

Download Full-text

Food Insecurity Is Not Related to Cognitive Function in School-Aged Children in Querétaro, Mexico

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa043_039 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 188-188

Author(s):

Olga Garcia ◽

Karina Miranda ◽

Hugo Melgar-Quiñonez ◽

Jorge Rosado

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Food Security ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Latin American ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Household Food Insecurity ◽

Level Of Education ◽

School Aged Children ◽

Household Food

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the relationship between household food insecurity and food insecurity of the mothers during her childhood with cognitive function in school children in Querétaro. Methods A total of 153 children (6–10 y) of public elementary schools in the municipality of Querétaro participated in a cross-sectional study. Household food insecurity was measured using the ELCSA (Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale) and a validated questionnaire to measure food insecurity of the mother during her childhood. Anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist circumference) were taken by standardized personnel and the WISC IV scale adapted to children for the determination of cognitive function was applied by trained psychologists. Statistical ANOVA tests were used to determine mean differences in cognitive function between children with and without food insecurity. A logistic regression was also calculated to determine the odds of having low cognitive function in the presence of food insecurity, both at the household level and of the mother during her childhood. All analyses were adjusted for maternal level of education as a confounder. Results The children had a combined prevalence of overweight and obesity of 39.9%. A total of 54.3% of the households had food insecurity and 80.4% of the mothers had food insecurity in their childhood. The prevalence of the average score of the Total Intelligence Quotient (TIQ) of the children was 52.3%, and 38.2% had TIQ below average. Children living in households with food insecurity and with mothers that had food insecurity in their past had lower TIQ (89.08 ± 8.23, and, 91.87 ± 11.18, respectively) compared with children in food secure households (95.39 ± 12.20) and with mothers that had food security in their childhood (96.87 ± 12.03). However, after adjusting for maternal level of education, no relationship was observed between food insecurity and TIQ. Similarly, the adjusted logistic regression model showed no relationship between food insecurity in the household and mother's food insecurity in the past with TIQ. Conclusions In the present study, food insecurity was not related to cognitive function of school-aged children in Querétaro, Mexico. Funding Sources Partially funded by CONACYT.

Download Full-text

Household food insecurity is associated with depressive symptoms: results from a Mexican population-based survey

Food Security ◽

10.1007/s12571-020-01014-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 407-416 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Spyros Kolovos ◽

Gerardo A Zavala ◽

Anne Sophie Leijen ◽

Hugo Melgar-Quiñonez ◽

Maurits van Tulder

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Food Security ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Latin American ◽

Mexican Population ◽

Household Food Insecurity ◽

Household Food ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Adjusted Logistic Regression

AbstractThe objective of this cross-sectional study was to assess the relationship between food insecurity and depression in the Mexican population. We used data from the 2012 health and nutrition survey (ENSANUT), which is representative of the Mexican population. Food insecurity was determined by the Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale (ELCSA). Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale Short-Form (CES-D-SF). Adjusted logistic regression analyses and ANCOVA were used. Out of 33,011 participants, 5788 (18%) had high depressive symptoms and 24,098 (73%) experienced food insecurity. The adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that, participants with mild food insecurity, (OR = 1.47,95% CI = 1.27 to 1.71), moderate food insecurity (OR = 2.14,95% CI = 1.85 to 2.47) and severe food insecurity (OR = 3.01,95% CI = 2.51 to 3.60,) were more likely to have high depressive symptoms than food secure participants. Participants with moderate food insecurity (OR =1.45, 95% CI = 1.28 to 1.64) and severe food insecurity (OR =2.04, 95% CI = 1.76 to 2.37) were more likely to suffer from depression as compared to participants with mild food insecurity. Participants with severe food insecurity were more likely (OR=1.41, 95% CI = 1.21 to 1.65) to suffer from depression compared to participants with moderate food insecurity. This paper provides an overview of the complex problem of food insecurity and mental health. Despite the unknown causality, the analysis suggests a strong association between depression and food insecurity. This problem calls for much more attention from the scientific community. Given the high prevalence of depression and the high prevalence of household food insecurity in Mexico, the implementation of successful public health programs to improve food security is necessary.

Download Full-text

Household Food Insecurity and Unavailability of Toilet Facility Contribute to Adverse Health Outcomes of Under-five Children in Bangladesh: A Cross-sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-860418/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Ashraful Islam ◽

Mahfuzur Rahman ◽

Md. Fakhar Uddin ◽

Md. Tariqujjaman ◽

Gobinda Karmakar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Household Food Insecurity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Under Five ◽

Adverse Health Outcomes ◽

Household Food ◽

Child Morbidity ◽

Toilet Facility

Abstract BackgroundDespite recent progress in rural economic development and food production, the prevalence of household food insecurity (FI) and use of unimproved toilet facilities are widespread in Bangladesh. Limited studies have sought to understand the relationship of household FI and sanitation, separately and in combination, with child morbidity. This paper aimed to assess the effect of FI and unimproved toilet facility of households on adverse health outcomes of children less than five years of age in Bangladesh.MethodsWe used data from a cross-sectional survey that was conducted as part of an evaluation of the Maternal, Infant and Young Child Nutrition (MIYCN) Program in Bangladesh. The study population included children aged 6-59 months and their caregivers, identified using a two-stage cluster-sampling procedure. Child morbidity status was the outcome variable, and household FI status and type of toilet used were considered the main exposure variables in this study. We performed logistic regression, calculated adjusted odds ratios (AOR) to assess the association of child morbidity with household FI and unimproved toilet facility after adjusting for potential confounders. ResultsA total of 1,728 households were eligible for this analysis. About 23% of the households were food-insecure, and a large number of households had improved toilet facilities (93.4%). In the multivariable logistic regression model, we found that children in food-insecure households with unimproved toilet facility had 5.88 (AOR: 5.88; 95% CI 2.52, 13.70) times more chance, of being morbid compared to the children of food-secure households with improved toilet facility. A similar association of FI and toilet facilities with each of the morbidity components was observed, including diarrhea (AOR:3.6; 95% CI 1.79, 7.89), fever (AOR:3.47; 95% CI 1.72, 6.99), difficult or fast breathing with cough (AOR:3.88; 95% CI 1.99, 7.59), and difficult or fast breathing with blocked or running nose (AOR:1.29; 95% CI 0.56, 2.95).ConclusionsOur study shows that household FI and unimproved toilet facility jointly have more deteriorative effects on child morbidity than either of these conditions alone. Therefore, it is important to consider these two critical factors while designing a public health intervention for reducing morbidity among under-five children.

Download Full-text

Dietary Diversity May Play A Mediatory Role on the Association between Household Food Insecurity and Nutritional Status among Children Aged 24-59 Months

Clinical Research and Clinical Trials ◽

10.31579/crct.2019/001 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 01-10

Author(s):

Ahmed Abdurahman

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Household Food Insecurity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Household Food

Background: Consuming scarce and poorly diversified diet, along with inadequate breastfeeding, contribute seriously to the complete scope of child undernutrition like stunting, wasting, underweight and micronutrient deficiency. Objective: To determine the association between dietary diversity score (DDS) and nutritional status among children aged 24 to 59 months in Haromaya district, Ethiopia. Methods: Children aged 24-59 months (N= 453) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study with a representative sample of households selected by a multistage sampling procedure in Haromaya district. Anthropometry and 24hr dietary recall were administered. Multinomial logistic regression models were applied to select variables that are candidate for multivariable model. Structural equation modeling was applied to test the mediatory effect of DDS on the relationship between household food insecurity (HFI) and child nutritional status. Results: The mean DDS was 3.62 (SD 1.09), and 50% of the children indicated poor and average DDS with only 20% children in very good DDS. By logistic regression analysis and after adjusting for the confounding factors, poor DDS was highly significant predictor of wasting, stunting and underweight (AOR = 4.09, C.I = 1.31 - 12.76, p = .01), (AOR = 2.28, C.I = 1.11 - 4.69, p = .03) and (AOR = 2.48, C.I = 1.17 - 5.24, p = .02) respectively. HFI had a significant direct effect on wasting though no significant indirect effect on wasting through mediation variable, DDS, (β1 reduced from 0.06 (S.E. = 0.027, p < .05) to 0.05 (S.E. = 0.028, p > .05). Conclusion: Poor DDS was a predictor of wasting, stunting and underweight. Additionally, DDS had a role in the association between HFI and nutritional status.

Download Full-text

Dietary Diversity May Play A Mediatory Role on the Association between Household Food Insecurity and Nutritional Status among Children Aged 24-59 Months

Clinical Research and Clinical Trials ◽

10.31579/2693-4779/001 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 01-10

Author(s):

Ahmed Abdurahman

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Household Food Insecurity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Household Food

Download Full-text

Measurement lessons of a repeated cross-sectional household food insecurity survey during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico

10.1101/2020.08.04.20167650 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Pablo Gaitan-Rossi ◽

Mireya Vilar-Compte ◽

Graciela Teruel ◽

Rafael Perez-Escamilla

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Latin American ◽

Well Being ◽

Mobile Telephone ◽

Household Food Insecurity ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adequate Model ◽

Household Food

Objective To validate the telephone modality of the Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale (ELCSA) included in three waves of a phone survey to estimate the monthly household food insecurity (HFI) prevalence during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico. Design We examined the reliability and internal validity of the ELCSA scale in three repeated waves of a cross-sectional surveys with Rasch models. We estimated the monthly prevalence of food insecurity in the general population and in households with and without children, and compared them with a national 2018 survey. We tested concurrent validity by testing associations of HFI with socioeconomic status and anxiety. Setting ENCOVID-19 is a monthly telephone cross-sectional survey collecting information on the well-being of Mexican households during the pandemic lockdown. Surveys used probabilistic samples and we used data from April (n=833), May (n=850), and June 2020 (n=1,674). Participants Mexicans 18 years or older who had a mobile telephone. Results ELCSA had adequate model fit and HFI was associated, within each wave, with more poverty and anxiety. The COVID-19 lockdown was associated with an important reduction in food security; decreasing stepwise from 38.9% in 2018 to 24.9% in June 2020 in households with children. Conclusions Telephone surveys are a feasible strategy to monitor food insecurity with ELCSA.

Download Full-text

Household food insecurity, diabetes and hypertension among Mexican adults: Results from Ensanut 2012

Salud Pública de México ◽

10.21149/spm.v56s1.5167 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 56 ◽

pp. 62 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Rafael Pérez-Escamilla ◽

Salvador Villalpando ◽

Teresa Shamah-Levy ◽

Ignacio Méndez-Gómez Humarán

Keyword(s):

Food Insecurity ◽

Latin American ◽

National Development ◽

Household Food Insecurity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Household Food ◽

Mexican Adults ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Independent Association ◽

Diagnosed Diabetes

Objective. To examine the independent association of household food insecurity (HFI) with diabetes and hypertension in a nationally representative cross-sectional sample from Mexico. Materials and methods. We assessed the association between HFI and self-reported doctor diagnosed diabetes and hypertension among 32 320 adult individuals using multiple logistic regression. HFI was measured using an adapted version for Mexico of the Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale (ELCSA). Results. HFI was a risk factor for diabetes among women but not men and for hypertension among both genders. Diabetes odds were higher by 31, 67 and 48%, among women living in mild, moderate, and severe food-insecure (vs. food-secure) households, respectively. Living in moderate to severe food-insecure (vs. food-secure) households was associated with hypertension odds that were 28 and 32% higher, respectively. Conclusion. Decreasing HFI may help improve public health and national development in Mexico.

Download Full-text

Acute food insecurity and short-term coping strategies of urban and rural households of Bangladesh during the lockdown period of COVID-19 pandemic of 2020: report of a cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043365 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. e043365

Author(s):

Subhasish Das ◽

Md. Golam Rasul ◽

Md Shabab Hossain ◽

Ar-Rafi Khan ◽

Md Ashraful Alam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Insecurity ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Rural Households ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Food Insecure Households

IntroductionWe conducted a cross-sectional survey to assess the extent and to identify the determinants of food insecurity and coping strategies in urban and rural households of Bangladesh during the month-long, COVID-19 lockdown period.SettingSelected urban and rural areas of Bangladesh.Participants106 urban and 106 rural households.Outcome variables and methodHousehold food insecurity status and the types of coping strategies were the outcome variables for the analyses. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were done to identify the determinants.ResultsWe found that around 90% of the households were suffering from different grades of food insecurity. Severe food insecurity was higher in urban (42%) than rural (15%) households. The rural households with mild/moderate food insecurity adopted either financial (27%) or both financial and food compromised (32%) coping strategies, but 61% of urban mild/moderate food insecure households applied both forms of coping strategies. Similarly, nearly 90% of severely food insecure households implemented both types of coping strategies. Living in poorest households was significantly associated (p value <0.05) with mild/moderate (regression coefficient, β: 15.13, 95% CI 14.43 to 15.82), and severe food insecurity (β: 16.28, 95% CI 15.58 to 16.97). The statistically significant (p <0.05) determinants of both food compromised and financial coping strategies were living in urban areas (β: 1.8, 95% CI 0.44 to 3.09), living in poorest (β: 2.7, 95% CI 1 to 4.45), poorer (β: 2.6, 95% CI 0.75 to 4.4) and even in the richer (β: 1.6, 95% CI 0.2 to 2.9) households and age of the respondent (β: 0.1, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.21).ConclusionBoth urban and rural households suffered from moderate to severe food insecurity during the month-long lockdown period in Bangladesh. But, poorest, poorer and even the richer households adopted different coping strategies that might result in long-term economic and nutritional consequences.

Download Full-text