Umatilla Virus Association with Fibrils and Tubules in Cultured Cells

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 476-477
Author(s):  
Neil M. Foster ◽  
Ruth D. Breckon
Keyword(s):  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Linear Array ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Intimate Association ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Dark Staining ◽  
In Cells

Macrotubules have been described1 in cells infected with Umatilla virus (UMAV), an orbivirus for which bluetongue virus (BTV) is the protype. Macrotubules, often in linear array, were observed in the cytoplasm and in intimate association with viroplasms of infected cells. Macrotubules had outside and inside diameters of 20 and 15 nm and many had dark-staining centers with diameters similar to the interiors of the tubules. UMAV was 60 nm and the RNA core was 30 nm in diameter. This report describes the association of UMAV with macrotubules and two types of microtubules.

Bluetongue Virus Association with Fibrils and Macrotubules in Cultured Cells

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 478-479
Author(s):  
Ruth D. Breckon ◽  
Neil M. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Thin Section ◽  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Core Particle ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Dark Staining

Filaments and tubules have been observed1-4 in association with viroplasms and progeny particles in bluetongue virus (BTV)-infected cells. Clusters of virions often had fine filaments attached to the particle core with possible connections between filaments.2 Macrotubules had diameters of 45-50 nm2,5,6 when observed in thin section and approximated the diameter of the BTV core particle of 50-55 nm.4 Macrotubules often contained dark-staining centers that were similar in size to the inside diameters of the tubules (35 nm) and to the dark-staining BTV RNA cores (30 nm).6 This report further describes the fibrils (filaments) and tubules in BTV-infected cells.

scholarly journals Human Cytomegalovirus UL36 Protein Is Dispensable for Viral Replication in Cultured Cells

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 7126-7131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine E. Patterson ◽  
Thomas Shenk
Keyword(s):  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
State Level ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Ad169 Strain ◽  
Expression Plasmids ◽  
In Cells

ABSTRACT Consistent with earlier analyses of human cytomegalovirus UL36 mRNA, we find that the UL36 protein is present throughout infection. In fact, it is delivered to the infected cell as a constituent of the virion. Curiously, much less UL36 protein accumulated in cells infected with the AD169 strain of human cytomegalovirus than in cells infected with the Towne or Toledo strain, and localization of the protein in cells infected with AD169 is strikingly different from that in cell infected with the Towne or Toledo strain. The variation in steady-state level of the proteins results from different stabilities of the proteins. The UL36 proteins from the three viral strains differ by several amino acid substitutions. However, this variability is not responsible for the different half-lives because the AD169 and Towne proteins, which exhibit very different half-lives within infected cells, exhibit the same half-life when introduced into uninfected cells by transfection with expression plasmids. We demonstrate that the UL36 protein is nonessential for growth in cultured cells, and we propose that the ability of the virus to replicate in the absence of UL36 function likely explains the striking strain-specific variation in the half-life and intracellular localization of the protein.

Fibrils, Tubules, and Crystals in Cells Infected with Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 480-481
Author(s):  
Ruth D. Breckon ◽  
Neil M. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Dense Core ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus ◽  
Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Dark Staining ◽  
Electron Dense Core ◽  
In Cells

Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV), an orbivirus taxonomically and an arbovirus epidemiologically, replicated in cytoplasmic matrixes of infected cells.1-3 Filaments and macrotubules were observed in the cytoplasm and in association with viroplasms in EHDV-infected cells.1-3 In two studies,2,3 the diameters of the macrotubules were similar to that of the virion, i.e., 53 and 62 nm. One study1 reported that the outer and inner diameters of macrotubules were 40-50 and 35-40 nm and the diameter of the virions was 59 nm with an electron-dense core of 40 nm. Another report4 gave macrotubule outer and inner diameters of ca 35 and 25 nm and a virus diameter of ca 60 nm with an RNA core of 30 nm. Many tubules contained dark-staining centers similar in diameters to that of the interiors of the macrotubules and the EHDV RNA cores.4 This report describes additional morphological features associated with EHDV-infected cells.

Bluetongue Virus Maturation in Cultured Cells

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 482-483
Author(s):  
Neil M. Foster ◽  
Ruth D. Breckon
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Cell Lysis ◽  
Virus Maturation ◽  
Cell Release ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
The Common ◽  
Insight Into

It was reported that cell release of bluetongue virus (BTV) occurred via breaks in the plasma membrane,1 extrusion,2 budding,3 and by cell lysis.4 Most authors have stated that BTV essentially has no envelope, although the presence of a membrane on at least a small proportion of the virions has been reported.3,5 One study found that 99% of BT virions had density of ≃1.2 in sucrose and were each enclosed within a membrane.6 These authors concluded that the common BTV particle was membraned and not “naked” as conventionally described. Therefore, in order to gain more insight into the structure of BTV, we reexamined maturation and release of BTV from infected cells.

scholarly journals Orientia tsutsugamushi Inhibits Apoptosis of Macrophages by Retarding Intracellular Calcium Release

2002 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 4692-4696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mee-Kyung Kim ◽  
Seung-Yong Seong ◽  
Ju-Young Seoh ◽  
Tae-Hee Han ◽  
Hyeon-Je Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Calcium ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Calcium Release ◽  
Cytosolic Calcium ◽  
Orientia Tsutsugamushi ◽  
Cytosolic Calcium Concentration ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Intracellular Calcium Release ◽  
Calcium Redistribution ◽  
In Cells

ABSTRACT Orientia tsutsugamushi shows both pro- and antiapoptotic activities in infected vertebrate cells. Apoptosis of THP-1 cells induced by beauvericin was inhibited by O. tsutsugamushi infection. Beauvericin-induced calcium redistribution was significantly reduced and retarded in cells infected with O. tsutsugamushi. Antiapoptotic activities of O. tsutsugamushi in infected cells are most probably due to inhibition of the increase in the cytosolic calcium concentration.

scholarly journals Patterns of accumulation of miRNAs encoded by herpes simplex virus during productive infection, latency, and on reactivation

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. E49-E55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Te Du ◽  
Zhiyuan Han ◽  
Guoying Zhou ◽  
Bernard Roizman
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Viral Gene Expression ◽  
The Body ◽  
Productive Infection ◽  
Viral Gene ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Portal Of Entry

The key events in herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are (i) replication at a portal of entry into the body modeled by infection of cultured cells; (ii) establishment of a latent state characterized by a sole latency-associated transcript and microRNAs (miRNAs) modeled in murine peripheral ganglia 30 d after inoculation; and (iii) reactivation from the latent state modeled by excision and incubation of ganglia in medium containing anti-NGF antibody for a timespan of a single viral replicative cycle. In this report, we examine the pattern of synthesis and accumulation of 18 HSV-1 miRNAs in the three models. We report the following: (i) H2-3P, H3-3P, H4-3P, H5-3P, H6-3P, and H7-5P accumulated in ganglia harboring latent virus. All but H4-3P were readily detected in productively infected cells, and most likely they originate from three transcriptional units. (ii) H8-5P, H15, H17, H18, H26, and H27 accumulated during reactivation. Of this group, only H26 and H27 could be detected in productively infected cells. (iii) Of the 18 we have examined, only 10 miRNAs were found to accumulate above background levels in productively infected cells. The disparity in the accumulation of miRNAs in cell culture and during reactivation may reflect differences in the patterns of regulation of viral gene expression during productive infection and during reactivation from the latent state.

Protein synthesis in bluetongue virus-infected cells

Virology ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrik Huismans
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Infected Cells

scholarly journals Expression of the Pseudorabies Virus Latency-Associated Transcript Gene during Productive Infection of Cultured Cells

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 9781-9788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Jin ◽  
Gail Scherba
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Pseudorabies Virus ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Initiation Site ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Productive Infection ◽  
Virus Latency ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Transcript Gene

ABSTRACT Like other alphaherpesviruses, pseudorabies virus (PrV) exhibits restricted gene expression during latency. These latency-associated transcripts (LATs) are derived from the region located within 0.69 to 0.77 map units of the viral genome. However, the presence of such viral RNAs during a productive infection has not been described. Although several transcripts originating between 0.706 to 0.737 map units have been detected in PrV-infected cultured cells, their relationship to the LATs has not been examined. Therefore, to determine if any correlation exists between PrV LAT gene expression in the natural and laboratory systems, transcription from the LAT gene region during lytic infection of cultured neuronal and nonneuronal cells was evaluated. A Northern blot assay using single-stranded RNA probes complementary to the spliced in vivo 8.4-kb largest latency transcript (LLT) detected 1.0-, 2.0-, and 8.0-kb poly(A) RNAs in all PrV-infected cells lines. The 1.0- and 8.0-kb transcripts partially overlapped the first and second exons of the LLT, respectively. In contrast, portions of both LLT exons comprised the 2.0-kb RNA sequence, which lacked the same intron as the LLT. Generation of this transcript began about 243 bp downstream of the LLT initiation site and terminated near the junction of BamHI fragments 8′ and 8. Its synthesis was inhibited by cycloheximide but not by cytosine β-d-arabinofuranoside, which suggests that the 2.0-kb RNA is not an immediate-early gene product. Thus, although the PrV LAT gene is transcriptionally active during a productive infection of cultured cells, the resulting RNAs are distinctive from the LLT.

scholarly journals Membrane Permeabilization by Small Hydrophobic Nonstructural Proteins of Japanese Encephalitis Virus

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 6257-6264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Shiu Chang ◽  
Ching-Len Liao ◽  
Chang-Huei Tsao ◽  
Mei-Chieh Chen ◽  
Chiu-I Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Cell Membrane Permeability ◽  
Hygromycin B ◽  
Cytopathic Effects ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Small Hydrophobic

ABSTRACT Infection with Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, may cause acute encephalitis in humans and induce severe cytopathic effects in various types of cultured cells. We observed that JEV replication rendered infected baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells sensitive to the translational inhibitor hygromycin B or α-sarcine, to which mock-infected cells were insensitive. However, little is known about whether any JEV nonstructural (NS) proteins contribute to virus-induced changes in membrane permeability. Using an inducibleEscherichia coli system, we investigated which parts of JEV NS1 to NS4 are capable of modifying membrane penetrability. We found that overexpression of NS2B-NS3, the JEV protease, permeabilized bacterial cells to hygromycin B whereas NS1 expression failed to do so. When expressed separately, NS2B alone, but not NS3, was sufficient to alter bacterial membrane permeability. Similarly, expression of NS4A or NS4B also rendered bacteria susceptible to hygromycin B inhibition. Examination of the effect of NS1 to NS4 expression on bacterial growth rate showed that NS2B exhibited the greatest inhibitory capability, followed by a modest repression from NS2A and NS4A, whereas NS1, NS3, and NS4B had only trivial influence with respect to the vector control. Furthermore, when cotransfected with a reporter gene luciferase or β-galactosidase, transient expression of NS2A, NS2B, and NS4B markedly reduced the reporter activity in BHK-21 cells. Together, our results suggest that upon JEV infection, these four small hydrophobic NS proteins have various modification effects on host cell membrane permeability, thereby contributing in part to virus-induced cytopathic effects in infected cells.

scholarly journals Increased Efficacy of Zinc Complexes With Picolinic and Aspartic Acids Against Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Infection When Combined With the Pavine Alkaloid (-)-Thalimonine

2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assia L. Angelova ◽  
Tatiana L. Varadinova
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Zinc Complexes ◽  
Individual Effects ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Key Steps ◽  
Hsv 1

Complexes of zinc with picolinic and aspartic acids inhibit key steps of HSV-1 replication affecting different virus-specific targets. As was recently demonstrated by us, the pavine alkaloid (-)-thalimonine irreversibly inhibits HSV-1 infection in cultured cells. The aim of the present study was the evaluation of the combined effect of zinc complexes and (-)-thalimonine on uninfected and HSV-1 infected cells. The data obtained have shown that zinc complexes and the alkaloid exert decreased cytotoxicity (antagonistic effect) and significantly increased anti-HSV-1 activity (synergistic effect) when applied in dual chess-board combinations as compared to the individual effects of compounds tested. These combinations are also effective against the infection caused by a resistant to acyclovir (ACV) HSV-1 mutant and the effect has been recognised as synergistic.

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