Observation and Mearsurement of Concentration Moments in Rapid Coarsening, Self-Stressed, Au-Ni Thin Plates

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (S2) ◽  
pp. 360-361
Author(s):  
B. Hyde ◽  
W.T. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Stress ◽  
Lattice Misfit ◽  
Host Lattice ◽  
Thin Plates ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Elastic Stresses ◽  
Buckling Stress ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Coarsening Kinetics ◽  
Rapid Coarsening

The focus of our study is to demonstrate experimentally how elastic stress effects diffusion behavior and coarsening kinetics in a two-phase binary alloy. This work, based on the theory of Cahn and Kobayashi, focuses on elastic stresses in a thin plate. For the case of phase separation with lattice misfit between solute-rich and solute-poor phases, the diffusion of solute distorts the host lattice and causes elastic stress in the matrix. If the plate is sufficiently thin, the stress can cause the plate to buckle. The buckling stress biases the direction of diffusion, which increases the bending stress even further. Thus, the diffusion and the buckling stress are coupled; each affects the other. The interplay between the two is easiest to observe in a solution in which the solute and solvent have high misfit.

Recent Advances in Gamma Titanium Aluminide Alloys

1990 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Won (Y-W.) Kim
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Aluminide ◽  
Thin Plates ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Gamma Titanium Aluminide ◽  
Gamma Titanium ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Evolution Of Microstructure ◽  
Titanium Aluminide Alloys ◽  
Extended Discussion

ABSTRACTGamma titanium aluminide alloys of current interest are two-phase alloys consisting of γ-TiAl phase as the matrix and a α2-Ti3Al phase as the second phase. The properties of these alloys depend on alloy composition, processing, microstructure, and their combination. Two major microstructural constituents are gamma grains and lamellar grains, the latter of which contain alternate layers of gamma (γ) and alpha-2 (α2) thin plates. The relative amounts and distribution of these two constituents are the main factors controlling mechanical properties. This paper reviews our current understanding of the composition/microstructure/property relationships. An extended discussion will be made on the fundamental aspects of the formation of lamellar structure during cooling and the evolution of microstructure occurring during thermomechanical treatments.

scholarly journals A1-L12 Structures in the Al-Co-Ni-Ti Quaternary Phase System

2011 ◽  
Vol 278 ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Minshull ◽  
Steffen Neumeier ◽  
Mattew G. Tucker ◽  
Howard J. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Quaternary System ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Lattice Misfit ◽  
Phase Region ◽  
Tetragonal Distortion ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Quaternary Phase ◽  
The Matrix

The phase constituents of alloys from the (Ni,Co)85(Al,Ti)15 plane of the Ni-Co-Al-Ti quaternary system were investigated following prolonged exposure at 750°C. Microstructural investigations confirmed the existence of a continuous A1-L12 two-phase region in the Ni-Co-Al-Ti quaternary system between Ni-Ni3Al and Co-Co3Ti. The lattice misfits of alloys from this quaternary system were determined using neutron diffraction. With increasing contents of Ti the positive lattice misfit increases up to +0.79% in the Ti-containing alloys, which leads to an increasing tetragonal distortion of the  matrix phase due to the increasing coherency stresses.

Transition alpha structure in beta-isomorphous Nb-Hf alloys

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 232-233
Author(s):  
R.W. Carpenter ◽  
Changhai Li ◽  
David J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Solution Phase ◽  
Miscibility Gap ◽  
Large Strains ◽  
Solid Solution Phase ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Diffuse Intensity ◽  
Metastable Form ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Equilibrium Morphology

Binary Nb-Hf alloys exhibit a wide bcc solid solution phase field at temperatures above the Hfα→ß transition (2023K) and a two phase bcc+hcp field at lower temperatures. The β solvus exhibits a small slope above about 1500K, suggesting the possible existence of a miscibility gap. An earlier investigation showed that two morphological forms of precipitate occur during the bcc→hcp transformation. The equilibrium morphology is rod-type with axes along <113> bcc. The crystallographic habit of the rod precipitate follows the Burgers relations: {110}||{0001}, <112> || <1010>. The earlier metastable form, transition α, occurs as thin discs with {100} habit. The {100} discs induce large strains in the matrix. Selected area diffraction examination of regions ∼2 microns in diameter containing many disc precipitates showed that, a diffuse intensity distribution whose symmetry resembled the distribution of equilibrium α Bragg spots was associated with the disc precipitate.

Using crystallographic symmetry in diffraction and contrast analysis

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 504-505
Author(s):  
U. Dahmen ◽  
K.H. Westmacott
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Symmetry ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Crystallographic Symmetry ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Contrast Analysis ◽  
Practical Tool ◽  
Convergent Beam ◽  
Beam Diffraction

Despite the increased use of convergent beam diffraction, symmetry concepts in their more general form are not commonly applied as a practical tool in electron microscopy. Crystal symmetry provides an abundance of information that can be used to facilitate and improve the TEM analysis of crystalline solids. This paper draws attention to some aspects of symmetry that can be put to practical use in the analysis of structures and morphologies of two-phase materials.It has been shown that the symmetry of the matrix that relates different variants of a precipitate can be used to determine the axis of needle- or lath-shaped precipitates or the habit plane of plate-shaped precipitates. By tilting to a special high symmetry orientation of the matrix and by measuring angles between symmetry-related variants of the precipitate it is possible to find their habit from a single micrograph.

Effects of microstructure and lattice misfit on creep life of Ni-based single crystal superalloy during long-term thermal exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenyan Gan ◽  
Hangshan Gao ◽  
Haiqing Pei ◽  
Zhixun Wen
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Rupture Life ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Lattice Misfit ◽  
Thermal Exposure ◽  
Phase Evolution ◽  
Creep Rupture ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Creep Life ◽  
The Matrix

Abstract According to the microstructural evolution during longterm thermal exposure at 1100 °C, the creep rupture life of Ni-based single crystal superalloys at 980 °C/270 MPa was evaluated. The microstructure was characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and related image processing methods. The size of γ’ precipitates and the precipitation amount of topologically close-packed increased with the increase in thermal exposure time, and coarsening of the γ’ precipitates led to the simultaneous increase of the matrix channel width. The relationship between the creep rupture life and the lattice misfit of γ/γ’, the coarsening of γ’ precipitate and the precipitation of TCP phase are systematically discussed. In addition, according to the correlation between γ’ phase evolution and creep characteristics during thermal exposure, a physical model is established to predict the remaining creep life.

Microstructure of Polycrystalline MgO Penetrated by a Silicate Liquid

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sundar Ramamurthy ◽  
Michael P. Mallamaci ◽  
Catherine M. Zimmerman ◽  
C. Barry Carter ◽  
Peter R. Duncombe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Glassy Phase ◽  
Silicate Liquid ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Devitrification Process ◽  
Phase Mixture

Dense, polycrystalline MgO was infiltrated with monticellite (CaMgSiO4) liquid to study the penetration of liquid along the grain boundaries of MgO. Grain growth was found to be restricted with increasing amounts of liquid. The inter-granular regions were generally found to be comprised of a two-phase mixture: crystalline monticellite and a glassy phase rich in the impurities present in the starting MgO material. MgO grains act as seeding agents for the crystallization of monticellite. The location and composition of the glassy phase with respect to the MgO grains emphasizes the role of intergranular liquid during the devitrification process in “snowplowing” impurities present in the matrix.

Coarsening Kinetics and Morphological Evolution in a Two-Phase Titanium Alloy During Heat Treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 734-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianwei Xu ◽  
Weidong Zeng ◽  
Zhiqiang Jia ◽  
Xin Sun ◽  
Yawei Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Coarsening Kinetics

Failure Mechanisms of Particulate Two-Phase Composites

1998 ◽  
Vol 529 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Antretter ◽  
E D. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Opening Angle ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Absolute Size ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Unit Cells ◽  
Angle Criterion ◽  
Probability Of Fracture

AbstractIn many composites consisting of hard and brittle inclusions embedded in a ductile matrix failure can be attributed to particle cleavage followed by ductile crack growth in the matrix. Both mechanisms are significantly sensitive towards the presence of residual stresses.On the one hand particle failure depends on the stress distribution inside the inclusion, which, in turn, is a function of various geometrical parameters such as the aspect ratio and the position relative to adjacent particles as well as the external load. On the other hand it has been observed that the absolute size of each particle plays a role as well and will, therefore, be taken into account in this work by means of the Weibull theory. Unit cells containing a number of quasi-randomly oriented elliptical inclusions serve as the basis for the finite element calculations. The numerical results are then correlated to the geometrical parameters defining the inclusions. The probability of fracture has been evaluated for a large number of inclusions and plotted versus the particle size. The parameters of the fitting curves to the resulting data points depend on the choice of the Weibull parameters.A crack tip opening angle criterion (CTOA) is used to describe crack growth in the matrix emanating from a broken particle. It turns out that the crack resistance of the matrix largely depends on the distance from an adjacent particle. Residual stresses due to quenching of the material tend to reduce the risk of particle cleavage but promote crack propagation in the matrix.

scholarly journals MC2: a two-phase algorithm for leveraged matrix completion

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Eftekhari ◽  
Michael B Wakin ◽  
Rachel A Ward
Keyword(s):  
Broad Class ◽  
Matrix Completion ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Sample Complexity ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Leverage Scores ◽  
Uniform Random Sampling

Abstract Leverage scores, loosely speaking, reflect the importance of the rows and columns of a matrix. Ideally, given the leverage scores of a rank-r matrix $M\in \mathbb{R}^{n\times n}$, that matrix can be reliably completed from just $O (rn\log ^{2}n )$ samples if the samples are chosen randomly from a non-uniform distribution induced by the leverage scores. In practice, however, the leverage scores are often unknown a priori. As such, the sample complexity in uniform matrix completion—using uniform random sampling—increases to $O(\eta (M)\cdot rn\log ^{2}n)$, where η(M) is the largest leverage score of M. In this paper, we propose a two-phase algorithm called MC2 for matrix completion: in the first phase, the leverage scores are estimated based on uniform random samples, and then in the second phase the matrix is resampled non-uniformly based on the estimated leverage scores and then completed. For well-conditioned matrices, the total sample complexity of MC2 is no worse than uniform matrix completion, and for certain classes of well-conditioned matrices—namely, reasonably coherent matrices whose leverage scores exhibit mild decay—MC2 requires substantially fewer samples. Numerical simulations suggest that the algorithm outperforms uniform matrix completion in a broad class of matrices and, in particular, is much less sensitive to the condition number than our theory currently requires.

Microstructural Stability and Lattice Misfit Characterisations of Nimonic 263

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quanshun Luo ◽  
Kuangnan Chi ◽  
Shuxin Li ◽  
Pete Barnard
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Lattice Misfit ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Microstructural Stability ◽  
Gaussian Peak ◽  
Hardening Treatment ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Matrix Lattice ◽  
Average Size

Nimonic 263 has been selected as a candidate header/piping material of advanced ultra-supercritical (A-USC) boilers for the next generation of fossil fuel power plant. Experimental assessments on the microstructural stability of this material are presented in this paper. Microstructural evolution has been quantified by high resolution field emission SEM and TEM. Electron diffraction and the combined XRD and Gaussian peak-fitting have been applied to investigate the coherency and lattice misfit between the gamma prime (γ′) precipitates and the gamma (γ) matrix. The micro structure subjected to solution and hardening treatment consists of γ-matrix and a network of carbide precipitates along the grain boundaries. Large quantities of fine γ′-Ni3(Ti,Al) precipitates were observed, with an average size of 17 nm and coherent with the matrix lattice. The overall misfit has been quantified to be 0.28%. After long term aging at 700 and 725 °C for various periods up to 20,000 hours, γ′ was still the predominant precipitate and mostly coherent with the matrix. A few needle-shape η-Ni3Ti intermetallic precipitates were found in the grain boundary regions. The γ′ size has grown progressively to 78 nm, accompanied by the γ′-γ constrained misfit increasing to 0.50%. Moreover, the M23C6-type grain boundary carbides were found to have experienced morphological evolution, including the nucleation of Widmanstatten-type needles and their initial growth towards the matrix.

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