scholarly journals A systematic review and network meta-analysis of injectable antibiotic options for the control of bovine respiratory disease in the first 45 days post arrival at the feedlot

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-181
Author(s):  
A. M. O'Connor ◽  
D. Hu ◽  
S. C. Totton ◽  
N. Scott ◽  
C. B. Winder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Citation Index ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
Biological Index

AbstractWe conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis to determine the comparative efficacy of antibiotics used to control bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in beef cattle on feedlots. The information sources for the review were: MEDLINE®, MEDLINE In-Process and MEDLINE® Daily, AGRICOLA, Epub Ahead of Print, Cambridge Agricultural and Biological Index, Science Citation Index, Conference Proceedings Citation Index – Science, the Proceedings of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners, World Buiatrics Conference, and the United States Food and Drug Administration Freedom of Information New Animal Drug Applications summaries. The eligible population was weaned beef cattle raised in intensive systems. The interventions of interest were injectable antibiotics used at the time the cattle arrived at the feedlot. The outcome of interest was the diagnosis of BRD within 45 days of arrival at the feedlot. The network meta-analysis included data from 46 studies and 167 study arms identified in the review. The results suggest that macrolides are the most effective antibiotics for the reduction of BRD incidence. Injectable oxytetracycline effectively controlled BRD compared with no antibiotics; however, it was less effective than macrolide treatment. Because oxytetracycline is already commonly used to prevent, control, and treat BRD in groups of feedlot cattle, the use of injectable oxytetracycline for BRD control might have advantages from an antibiotic stewardship perspective.

scholarly journals A systematic review and network meta-analysis of bacterial and viral vaccines, administered at or near arrival at the feedlot, for control of bovine respiratory disease in beef cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. O'Connor ◽  
D. Hu ◽  
S. C. Totton ◽  
N. Scott ◽  
C. B. Winder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Conference Proceedings ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Citation Index ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Comparative Efficacy ◽  
Biological Index

AbstractVaccination against putative causal organisms is a frequently used and preferred approach to controlling bovine respiratory disease complex (BRD) because it reduces the need for antibiotic use. Because approximately 90% of feedlots use and 90% of beef cattle receive vaccines in the USA, information about their comparative efficacy would be useful for selecting a vaccine. We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis of studies assessing the comparative efficacy of vaccines to control BRD when administered to beef cattle at or near their arrival at the feedlot. We searched MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process, MEDLINE Daily Epub Ahead of Print, AGRICOLA, Cambridge Agricultural and Biological Index, Science Citation Index, and Conference Proceedings Citation Index – Science and hand-searched the conference proceedings of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners and World Buiatrics Congress. We found 53 studies that reported BRD morbidity within 45 days of feedlot arrival. The largest connected network of studies, which involved 17 vaccine protocols from 14 studies, was included in the meta-analysis. Consistent with previous reviews, we found little compelling evidence that vaccines used at or near arrival at the feedlot reduce the incidence of BRD diagnosis.

scholarly journals Bovine respiratory disease complex associated mortality and morbidity rates in feedlot cattle from southeastern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 791-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson Lopes Baptista ◽  
Amanda Lima Rezende ◽  
Pedro de Almeida Fonseca ◽  
Rodrigo Pelisson Massi ◽  
Geison Morel Nogueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity

Introduction: A feedlot is an intensive farming system for finishing livestock. Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a cause of morbidity and mortality in beef cattle, especially in feedlots. Methodology: This study investigated the morbidity and mortality of BRD in a beef cattle feedlot in southeastern Brazil using: clinical diagnoses, therapy, morbidity, and mortality. Pulmonary fragments were collected from five steers, on feed from 3-32 days, with lesions of pneumonia for identification of BRD infectious agents PCR. Results: 188,862 steers were on feed and morbidity was 7.05% (13,315/188,862), mortality 0.64% (1,214/188,862). The causes of morbidity were: BRD (6.13%), lameness (0.29%), trauma (0.21%), clostridiosis (0.13%) and polioencephalomalacia, PEM (0.12%). The causes of mortality were: BRD (0.21%), trauma (0.17%), and clostridiosis (0.13%). When all sick cattle were considered (n=13,315), BRD (86.9%) was the principal cause of morbidity, followed by lameness (4.13%), trauma (3.05%), and clostridiosis (1.82%). The cost of BRD-associated cattle mortality and morbidity was estimated at $14,334.00/10,000 and $16,315.40/10,000 respectively. It was projected that the economic effects due to BRD-associated morbidity in Brazil were $6.31 million/annum, while losses due to mortality were $5.54 million, resulting in an annual loss of $11.85 million. Coinfections in cattle with pneumonia due to Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida were identified in 4/5 steers tested. Conclusions: This is the first longitudinal study that investigated the incidence of BRD in feedlot cattle from Brazil, and the results herein described indicate that BRD contributed significantly to the development of mortality and morbidity of cattle on feed.

scholarly journals Efficacy of hydrofibre dressing following total joint arthroplasty: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

2021 ◽  
pp. 112070002110126
Author(s):  
Raman Mundi ◽  
Harman Chaudhry ◽  
Seper Ekhtiari ◽  
Prabjit Ajrawat ◽  
Daniel M Tushinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Total Joint Arthroplasty ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Joint Arthroplasty ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Observable Effect ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: In the United States, over 1,000,000 total joint arthroplasty (TJA) surgeries are performed annually and has been forecasted that this number will exceed 4,000,000 by the year 2030. Many different types of dressing exist for use in TJA surgery, and it is unclear if any of the newer, hydrofibre dressings are superior to traditional dressings at reducing rates of infections or improving wound healing. Thus, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the impact of hydrofiber dressings on reducing complications. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed using the online databases MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing hydrofibre dressings to a standard dressing were included. Summary measures are reported as odds ratios (ORs) and mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Our primary outcome was prosthetic joint infection (PJI). Secondary outcomes included blisters, dressing changes and wound irritation. Results: 5 RCTs were included. Hydrofibre dressing had no observable effect on PJI or wound irritation (OR 0.53; 95% CI, 0.14–1.98; p = 0.35). Hydrofibre dressings reduced the rate of blisters (OR 0.36; 95% CI, 0.14–0.90; p = 0.03) and number of dressing changes (MD -1.89; 95% CI, -2.68 to -1.11). Conclusions: In conclusion, evidence suggests hydrofibre dressings have no observable effect on PJI and wound irritation. Evidence for reduction in blisters and number of dressings is modest given wide CIs and biased trial methodologies. Use of hydrofibre dressings should be considered inconclusive for mitigating major complications in light of current best evidence.

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