Development and application of molecular diagnostics and proteomics to bovine respiratory disease (BRD)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
John Dustin Loy
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pcr Technology ◽  
Multiple Pathogens

Abstract Advances in molecular and proteomic technologies and methods have enabled new diagnostic tools for bovine respiratory pathogens that are high-throughput, rapid, and extremely sensitive. Classically, diagnostic testing for these pathogens required culture-based approaches that required days to weeks and highly trained technical staff to conduct. However, new advances such as multiplex hydrolysis probe-based real-time PCR technology have enabled enhanced and rapid detection of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) pathogens in a variety of clinical specimens. These tools provide many advantages and have shown superiority over culture for co-infections/co-detections where multiple pathogens are present. Additionally, the integration of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MS) into veterinary diagnostic labs has revolutionized the ability to rapidly identify bacterial pathogens associated with BRD. Recent applications of this technology include the ability to type these opportunistic pathogens to the sub-species level (specifically Mannheimia haemolytica) using MS-based biomarkers, to allow for the identification of bacterial genotypes associated with BRD versus genotypes that are more likely to be commensal in nature.

scholarly journals The Added Cost of Rapid Diagnostic Testing and Active Antimicrobial Stewardship: Is It Worth It?

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin McElvania TeKippe
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Hospital Costs ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Clinical Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Pathogen Identification ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Rapid diagnostic testing reduces the turnaround time for pathogen identification in the clinical microbiology laboratory, but the impact on patient care and hospital costs is a matter of speculation. Patel et al. (J. Clin. Microbiol. 55:60–67, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01452-16 ) investigate the impact of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) in conjunction with active antimicrobial stewardship to determine if implementation is indeed worth the added costs.

scholarly journals Choanal and cloacal aerobic bacterial flora in captive green iguanas: a comparative analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Barazorda Romero ◽  
Alois Čížek ◽  
Martina Masaříková ◽  
Zdeněk Knotek
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Comamonas Testosteroni ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Water Container ◽  
Green Iguanas

The aims of this study were to characterize the choanal and cloacal aerobic bacterial flora in healthy captive green iguanas and to compare it with the bacterial flora of the biofilm present in the water container of each terrarium. Samples were collected from the choana and the cloaca of 20 healthy captive adult green iguanas and from the biofilm of 15 water containers. The final identification of aerobic bacteria was performed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.Salmonellapositive samples were serotyped. The most common strains observed at each test location were from 1) choanae:Staphylococcusspp.,Enterobacter cloacaeandComamonas testosteroni; 2) cloacae:Citrobacterspp.,Salmonellaspp. andCorynebacteriumspp.; and 3) biofilms:Pseudomonasspp.,Salmonellaspp. andAcidovoraxspp. We showed that apart fromSalmonellaspp., the choanal and cloacal bacterial flora differed from the microorganisms present in the biofilm of the animal’s water container. These data revealed that healthy captive adult green iguanas harbored several aerobic bacterial strains that in immunosuppressed reptiles may act as opportunistic pathogens. Also, several of the aerobic bacteria identified in samples are potential zoonotic agents. Characterization of the normal background flora in captive reptiles and their environment can contribute to an understanding of the spread of bacterial contamination and the risk of potential zoonotic diseases for people in contact with these animals.

scholarly journals Mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine: Update and importance of the disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (03) ◽  
pp. 6375-2020
Author(s):  
KAZIMIERZ TARASIUK
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Pig Production

The paper provides an overview of updated knowledge on this common disease with a strong impact on pig production efficiency. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp), the etiologic agent of the condition, is the smallest self-replicating bacteria, distinguished from most other bacteria by the lack of a cell wall. Colonization of the respiratory cilia is a unique feature of Mhp, which results in a persistent presence of Mhp in the airways and creates a population of infected asymptomatic animals that continually expose other pigs to infection. The economic consequences of a long-term persistence of infection within the herd include a chronic reduction in feed efficiency and increased opportunity for co-infection with other respiratory pathogens, leading to PRDC (porcine respiratory disease complex) syndrome. Chronic Mhp infection in the form of a respiratory disease with high morbidity and low mortality has been estimated to affect up to 70% of pigs worldwide. Diagnostic tools include clinical diagnosis, examination of gross lesions and histopathology. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniaespecific laboratory tests are critical to identify asymptomatic carriers or to detect antibodies as a sign of endemic infection. Tools that demonstrate the presence of Mhp rely on visualizing the organism (culture, FIA) or on detection of nucleic acid (PCR) or antigen specific for that pathogen (ELISA). Control of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae has been attempted by several widely practiced methods. These include sow vaccination programmes, early vaccination of suckling piglets, use of antibiotics at peak transmission times, introduction of piglet flow in the all-in/all-out system and a segregated system of pig production. Several Mhp elimination protocols have been developed and can be implemented to eradicate this pathogen from the herd. One of them is a partial depopulation procedure, which consists in depopulation of pigs below 9 months of age. The other animals are subjected to medication.

scholarly journals Proteomics of Brucella: Technologies and Their Applications for Basic Research and Medical Microbiology

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 766
Author(s):  
Gamal Wareth ◽  
Mathias W. Pletz ◽  
Heinrich Neubauer ◽  
Jayaseelan Murugaiyan
Keyword(s):  
Proteome Analysis ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Intracellular Bacteria ◽  
Protein Antigens ◽  
Direct Identification ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Medical Microbiology ◽  
Recent Developments

Brucellosis is a global zoonosis caused by Gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacteria of the genus Brucella (B.). Proteomics has been used to investigate a few B. melitensis and B. abortus strains, but data for other species and biovars are limited. Hence, a comprehensive analysis of proteomes will significantly contribute to understanding the enigmatic biology of brucellae. For direct identification and typing of Brucella, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization—time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI—TOF MS) has become a reliable tool for routine diagnosis due to its ease of handling, price and sensitivity highlighting the potential of proteome-based techniques. Proteome analysis will also help to overcome the historic but still notorious Brucella obstacles of infection medicine, the lack of safe and protective vaccines and sensitive serologic diagnostic tools by identifying the most efficient protein antigens. This perspective summarizes past and recent developments in Brucella proteomics with a focus on species identification and serodiagnosis. Future applications of proteomics in these fields are discussed.

scholarly journals Agreement Among 4 Sampling Methods to Identify Respiratory Pathogens in Dairy Calves with Acute Bovine Respiratory Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 954-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Doyle ◽  
B. Credille ◽  
T.W. Lehenbauer ◽  
R. Berghaus ◽  
S.S. Aly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Gastroenterologist's Perspective

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
Michael F. Vaezi
Keyword(s):  
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ◽  
Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽  
Reflux Disease ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Swallowing Function ◽  
Atypical Symptoms

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a commonly diagnosed condition often associated with the typical symptoms of heartburn and regurgitation, although it may present with atypical symptoms such as chest pain, hoarseness, chronic cough, and asthma. In most cases, the patient's reduced quality of life drives clinical care and diagnostic testing. Because of its widespread impact on voice and swallowing function as well as its social implications, it is important that speech-language pathologists (SLPs) understand the nature of GERD and its consequences. The purpose of this article is to summarize the nature of GERD and GERD-related complications such as GERD-related peptic stricture, Barrett's esophagus and adenocarcinoma, and laryngeal manifestations of GERD from a gastroenterologist's perspective. It is critical that SLPs who work with a multidisciplinary team understand terminology, diagnostic tools, and treatment to ensure best practice.

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