Development of an embryo germination protocol for shy-seeded grape (Vitis vinifera L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ashwini P. Benke ◽  
Ram Krishna ◽  
Roshni R. Samarth ◽  
Shweta S. Dhumal ◽  
Waquar A. Ansari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Embryo Germination ◽  
Indole Butyric Acid ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Benzyl Amino Purine

Abstract Acquisition and germination of seeds are the most desired targets for the improvement of vegetatively propagated crops. In the present study, we developed a potential embryo germination protocol for the Red Globe grape cultivar having a low seed germination rate. Three grape berries at different developmental stages, viz. 50, 60 and 70 days after flowering (DAF), were selected for in-vitro embryo germination. Three growth media, namely Emershad and Ramming (ER), Nitsch and Nitsch (NN) and Murashige and Skoog (MS), and plant growth regulators (benzyl amino purine (BA), 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9 mg/l; indole butyric acid (IBA), 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/l; and gibberellic acid (GA), 0.1, 0.3 and 0.9 mg/l) were screened individually in different combinations with three amino acids, namely cysteine, glutamine and proline (2.0 μmol/l each). The maximum embryos germination percentage recorded at 70 DAF was 63.33, 47.78 and 45.56% in ER, NN and MS media, respectively, supplemented with 0.9 mg/l BA, 2.0 mg/l IBA, 0.9 mg/l GA and 2.0 μmol glutamine. Glutamine was found to have the most significant impact, and it improved the rescued embryos germination. The present study provides a potential recipe for a medium that can facilitate efficient germination of grape embryos.

scholarly journals In vitro ROOTING OF TENERA HYBRID OIL PALM (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) PLANTS1

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlúcia Souza Pádua ◽  
Raíssa Silveira Santos ◽  
Luciano Vilela Paiva ◽  
Vanessa Cristina Stein ◽  
Luciano Coutinho Silva
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Indole Butyric Acid

ABSTRACT Oil palm is a woody monocot of economic importance due to high oil production from its fruits. Currently, the conventional method most used to propagate oil palm is seed germination, but success is limited by long time requirements and low germination percentage. An alternative for large-scale propagation of oil palm is the biotechnological technique of somatic embryogenesis. The rooting of plants germinated from somatic embryos is a difficult step, yet it is of great importance for later acclimatization and success in propagation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the auxins indole acetic acid (IAA) and indole butyric acid (IBA) on the rooting of somatic embryos of Tenera hybrid oil palm. Plants obtained by somatic embryogenesis were inoculated in modified MS medium with 10% sucrose and 0.6% agar and supplemented with IAA or IBA at concentrations of 5 µM, 10 µM, and 15 µM, and the absence of growth regulators. After 120 days, the presence of roots, root type, length of the longest root, number of roots, number of leaves, and shoot length were analyzed. Growth regulators were favorable to rooting; plants cultivated with IBA growth regulator at 15 µM showed higher rooting percentage (87%) and better results for the parameters of number of roots (1.33) and shoot length (9.83).

scholarly journals Factors affecting in vitro cultivation of grape (Vitis vinifera L.): a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fikadu Kumsa
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Grape Varieties

Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is globally cultivated as commercial fruit crop usually used for fruit purpose or industrial product. The objective of the current review is to review and identify the research gap on the effect of different growth media and vitrification on shooting and rooting performance of grape. Factors affecting rooting of grape cuttings can be internal or external factors. Currently, grapevines are very sensitive to disease in the conventional method of propagation. Even if tissue culture is recommended for healthy propagation of the grape varieties, still factors affecting the growth of the plant verifications were reported. This, review paper progressively revised for the existing factors and possible solutions during in vitro propagation of grapevines. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 10(1): 1-5, June 2020

scholarly journals The influence of light spectra, UV-A, and growth regulators on the in vitro seed germination of Senecio cineraria DC.

Revista CERES ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 576-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiane Pimentel Victório ◽  
Nina Cláudia Barbosa da Silva ◽  
Maria Apparecida Esquibel ◽  
Alice Sato
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
White Light ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
In Vitro Germination ◽  
Light Spectra ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of light spectra, additional UV-A, and different growth regulators on the in vitro germination of Senecio cineraria DC. Seeds were surface-sterilized and inoculated in MS medium to evaluate the following light spectra: white, white plus UV-A, blue, green, red or darkness. The maximum germinability was obtained using MS0 medium under white light (30%) and MS + 0.3 mg L-1 GA3 in the absence of light (30.5%). S. cineraria seeds were indifferent to light. Blue and green lights inhibited germination. Different concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA3) (0.1; 0.4; 0.6; 0.8; 1.0 and 2.0 mg L-1) and indole-3-acetic acid IAA (0.1; 0.3 and 1.0 mg L-1) were evaluated under white light and darkness. No concentration of GA3 enhanced seed germination percentage under white light. However, when the seeds were maintained in darkness, GA3 improved germination responses in all tested concentrations, except at 1.0 mg L-1. Under white light, these concentrations also increased the germination time and reduced germination rate. Germination rate, under light or darkness, was lower using IAA compared with GA3.

scholarly journals Embryo Development of Cypripedium formosanum in Relation to Seed Germination In Vitro

2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
pp. 747-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung-I Lee ◽  
Nean Lee ◽  
Edward C. Yeung ◽  
Mei-Chu Chung
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Nile Red ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Zygotic Embryogenesis ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Significant Difference

This investigation documents the key anatomical features in embryo development of Cypripedium formosanum Hayata, in association with the ability of embryos to germinate in vitro, and examines the effects of culture media and seed pretreatments on seed germination. A better understanding of zygotic embryogenesis for the Cypripedium L. species would provide insights into subsequent germination events and aid in the in vitro propagation of these endangered species. In seeds collected at 60 days after pollination (DAP), soon after fertilization, no germination was recorded. The best overall germination was found at 90 DAP (≈70%), at which time early globular to globular embryos with a single-celled suspensors can be observed. After 135 DAP, the seeds germinated poorly. At this time the inner integument shrinks and forms a tight layer, which encloses the embryo, the so-called “carapace.” Using Nile red stain, a cuticular substance was detected in the carapace, which may play a role in the impermeability of the mature seed and may help the seeds survive in the stringent environment. At maturity (after 210 DAP), the embryo proper has an average size of eight cells along its length and six cells across the width. Lipids and proteins are the main storage products within the embryo. To improve seed germination, experiments were conducted to test the suitability of various media and pretreatments of seeds. When different media were used, except for the Harvais medium at 120 DAP, there was no significant difference in seed germination at three different developmental stages tested. Soaking mature seeds in 1% NaOCl or treating them with ultrasound may slightly increase the germination percentage. For seed germination, our results indicate that the timing of seed collection outweighs the composition of medium and the seed pretreatments.

Changes in cell wall composition during ripening of grape berries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
KJ Nunan ◽  
Ian Sims ◽  
A Bacic ◽  
SP Robinson ◽  
GB Fincher
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharide ◽  
Pectic Polysaccharides ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Specific Polysaccharide

Cell walls were isolated from the mesocarp of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berries at developmental stages from before veraison through to the final ripe berry. Fluorescence and light microscopy of intact berries revealed no measurable change in cell wall thickness as the mesocarp cells expanded in the ripening fruit. Isolated walls were analyzed for their protein contents and amino acid compositions, and for changes in the composition and solubility of constituent polysaccharides during development. Increases in protein content after veraison were accompanied by an approximate 3-fold increase in hydroxyproline content. The type I arabinogalactan content of the pectic polysaccharides decreased from approximately 20 mol % of total wall polysaccharides to about 4 mol % of wall polysaccharides during berry development. Galacturonan content increased from 26 to 41 mol % of wall polysaccharides, and the galacturonan appeared to become more soluble as ripening progressed. After an initial decrease in the degree of esterification of pectic polysaccharides, no further changes were observed nor were there large variations in cellulose (30-35 mol % of wall polysaccharides) or xyloglucan (approximately 10 mol % of wall polysaccharides) contents. Overall, the results indicate that no major changes in cell wall polysaccharide composition occurred during softening of ripening grape berries, but that significant modification of specific polysaccharide components were observed, together with large changes in protein composition.

scholarly journals High Humidity and Age-Dependent Fruit Susceptibility Promote Development of Trichothecium Black Spot on Apple

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengbo Dai ◽  
Xiaofei Liang ◽  
Yajing Wang ◽  
Mark L. Gleason ◽  
Rong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Fruit Bagging

Fruit bagging is a widely used orchard practice in China. Trichothecium black spot (TBS) is a disease highly associated with the fruit bagging. In this study, we characterized in vitro factors affecting the causal agent, Trichothecium roseum, and TBS development and infection histology on field-bagged apple fruit in situ. Under in vitro conditions, conidial germination required exogenous nutrients, and the germination rate was significantly promoted by high humidity, a condition mimicking the bag microenvironment. Germ tubes penetrated fruit via natural openings including stomata, lenticels, and surface cracks. To determine the chronology of infection by T. roseum, ‘Fuji’ fruit were inoculated in the field at different developmental stages. The earliest infection occurred 60 days after full bloom (dafb), and disease incidence increased as fruit maturity advanced. At harvest time (165 dafb), lesions on more recently inoculated fruit (105 dafb, 150 dafb) were larger than lesions from fruit inoculated on earlier dates. Histological observation showed that infection of younger fruit elicited stronger host lignification responses restricting lesion development. Taken together, our results support the hypothesis that high humidity in sealed bags and increased susceptibility associated with advancing fruit maturity are key factors promoting T. roseum infection and TBS symptom development on bagged apple fruit.

scholarly journals Dynamic Changes in Anthocyanin Accumulation and Cellular Antioxidant Activities in Two Varieties of Grape Berries during Fruit Maturation under Different Climates

Molecules ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 384
Author(s):  
Liuwei Qin ◽  
Hui Xie ◽  
Nan Xiang ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Shouan Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Different Climates ◽  
Quality Formation

As popularly consumed fruit berries, grapes are widely planted and processed into products, such as raisins and wine. In order to identify the influences of different climatic conditions on grape coloring and quality formation, we selected two common varieties of grape berries, ‘Red Globe’ and ‘Xin Yu’, for investigation. Grapes were separately grown in different climates, such as a temperate continental arid climate and a temperate continental desert climate, in Urumqi and Turpan, China, for five developmental stages. As measured, the average daily temperature and light intensity were lower in Urumqi. Urumqi grape berries had a lower brightness value (L*) and a higher red-green value (a*) when compared to Turpan’s. A RT-qPCR analysis revealed higher transcriptions of key genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis in Urumqi grape berries, which was consistent with the more abundant phenolic substances, especially anthocyanins. The maximum antioxidant activity in vitro and cellular antioxidant activity of grape berries were also observed in Urumqi grape berries. These findings enclosed the influence of climate on anthocyanin accumulation and the antioxidant capacity of grapes, which might enlarge our knowledge on the quality formation of grape berries and might also be helpful for cultivating grapes with higher nutritional value.

scholarly journals In-vitro Seed Germination Biology of Milicia Excelsa Population Collected from Benchi-Maji Zone, South Western Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHAMMED ADEFA SEID ◽  
Yigardu Mulatu ◽  
Agena Anjulo ◽  
Semaigzer Ayalew ◽  
Marshet Nigatu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Southwestern Ethiopia ◽  
Micro Propagation ◽  
Milicia Excelsa

Abstract Background: In Ethiopia, species used for timber production are limited to few species. So, it is becoming necessary to find innovative ways of maintaining and improving the genetic quality of species such as Milicia excelsa by domesticating them into a wider scale of ecological and social environment. Hence, the main objective of this study was to investigate the seed germination biology and behavior of Milicia excelsa under in-vitro laboratory conditions so as to promote the domestication and establishment of seed production areas (SPA) in-situ. Methods: Seeds collected from Benchi district of Benchi-Maji zone of southwestern Ethiopia were subjected to germination biology in-vitro to determine the germination responses of M. excelsa seeds under laboratory conditions. So, a total of 1200 seeds were randomly selected, treated and prepared using four treatments procedures with six replications for paper method and 3 replications for sand method, and tested using paper methods in CRD design. So, 600 seeds were tested using paper and sand methods each where 25 seeds were tested for each replication in paper and 50 seeds for each replication in sand method. The germination process was lasted between 19 March 2020 and 15 May 2020. Result: The mean germination percentage of seeds of M. excelsa was noticed to be lower than 20%. This is below the expected (45%) germination rate of mature and healthy seed lot. Overall, seeds that were not treated using any pre-sowing treatments has shown relatively better germination percentage (19%) followed by seeds rubbed by hand (15%). Analysis of one-way t-test shows that the effects untreated (control –T1) and rubbing by hand treatments (T4) is significant at p < 0.05 compared to the effects of the other pre-sowing treatments (T2- seeds only washed with normal tap water, and T3- seeds washed and soaked in hot water for 15 minutes) on the germination capability of seeds of M. excelsa . However, no significance difference was observed between control (T1) and hand scarification (T2). Conclusions: The average germination of M. excelsa seeds combined for all treatments is lower than 20% which is lower germination when comparing with other similar research reported in other countries. Therefore, it required to include and test other pre-sowing treatments including tissue culture micro-propagation of seeds to maximize the germination of M. excelsa seeds helping to get enough seedlings required for the domestication project.

scholarly journals Comparison Study on the Effect of Nano and Bulk Titanium Dioxide Particles on Seeds Germination, Growth and Chemical Composition of Wheat Invitro and Invivo

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Raghad D. Alshybany
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Vigor Index

The present study aimed to examine the effect of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) compared with bulk particles (BPs) on seed germination and growth of latefyha's cultivar wheat in vitro and in vivo and on chemical compositions with detecting the residuum of NPs in the plant. In the in vitro study, most concentrations of NPs and BPs have no effect on germination percentage, mean germination time, mean daily germination, promoter indicator, number of leaves, length and number of root and root tips viability but they reduced germination rate and germination value besides they induced shoot length and biomass. In the in vivo study, some parameters induced by most concentrations of NPs such as plant leaves area, leaf area index, length, of viability roots, height and total of plant length and biomass while no effect was seen on: mean daily germination, vigor index I and vigor index II, chlorophyll B, leaf area relative, in this regard, it reduced germination percentage, chlorophyll A, and carotene. There were some differences between the effect of NPs and those of BPs. There were increased in the total number of chemical compounds that identified in leaves of wheat plants treated with nanoparticles compared with control while the total numbers of compounds were decreased using bulk particles.

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