Racial Projections in Perspective: Public Reactions to Narratives about Rising Diversity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Morris Levy ◽  
Dowell Myers

Threatened reactions to news about the approach of a racial majority-minority society have profoundly influenced Americans’ political attitudes and electoral choices. Existing research casts these reactions as responses to changing demographic context. We argue instead that they are driven in large part by the dominant majority-minority narrative framing of most public discussion about rising racial diversity. This narrative assumes the long-run persistence of a white-nonwhite binary in which the growing number of Americans with both white and non-white parents are classified exclusively as non-white, irrespective of how they identify themselves. Alternative narratives that take stock of trends toward mixed-race marriage and multiracial identification also reflect demographic fundamentals projected by the Census Bureau and more realistically depict the country’s twenty-first century racial landscape. Using three survey experiments, we examine public reactions to alternative narratives about rising diversity. The standard majority-minority narrative evokes far more threat among whites than any other narrative. Alternative accounts that highlight multiracialism elicit decidedly positive reactions regardless of whether they foretell the persistence of a more diverse white majority. Non-white groups respond favorably to all narratives about rising diversity, irrespective of whether they include the conventional majority-minority framing.

Author(s):  
Dowell Myers ◽  
Morris Levy

Projections of changes in racial demographics depend on how race is classified. The U.S. Census Bureau makes several different projections of the nation’s racial demographic future, but the most publicized version projects our racial future in a way that narrows the definition of race groups to exclude people who are of mixed race or Hispanic. This definition results in projections of many fewer “whites,” accelerating the impending decline of the country’s white majority and perhaps heightening white audiences’ anxiety about demographic change. We conducted an experiment that randomly assigned whites to read alternative news stories based on 2014 Census Bureau projections. One story emphasized growing diversity, a second emphasized the decline of the white population to minority status, and a third described an enduring white majority based on intermarriage and inclusive white identity. Much higher levels of anxiety or anger, especially among Republicans, were recorded after reading the white minority story than the alternative stories of diversity or an enduring white majority.


1992 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 237-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel Beck

It is hardly surprising that I applaud the fine work of both Durr and Ostrom and Smith. I am on record in favor of the utility of the error correction model (e.g., Beck 1985) and it is impossible to obtain a visa to visit the economics department at UCSD without swearing an oath of loyalty to the methodology of cointegration. The two works here are notable for their methodological sophistication, their exposition of a relatively unknown and highly technical area, and, most important, their substantive contributions. Both articles show that political attitudes (approval and policy mood) adjust, in the long run, to changes in objective and subjective economic circumstance. Both articles are good examples of the synergy of methods and theory, since it is the methodology of cointegration that leads to this type of theorizing, and this type of theorizing can most easily be tested in the context of cointegration or error correction.


2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremiah J. Castle ◽  
Geoffrey C. Layman ◽  
David E. Campbell ◽  
John C. Green

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 519-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branko Milanovic

Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty provides a unified theory of the functioning of the capitalist economy by linking theories of economic growth and functional and personal income distributions. It argues, based on the long-run historical data series, that the forces of economic divergence (including rising income inequality) tend to dominate in capitalism. It regards the twentieth century as an exception to this rule and proposes policies that would make capitalism sustainable in the twenty-first century. (JEL D31, D33, E25, N10, N30, P16)


Author(s):  
Samira K. Mehta

Jews in America have had a complex relationship to race. At times, they have been described as a racial minority, whereas at other times, they have been able to assimilate into the white majority. Jewish status has largely depended on whether white Americans felt, in any given moment, socially secure. Jews have therefore fared better during times of economic prosperity. This social instability has strongly affected their relationship to African Americans. Jews, who have a strong sense of themselves as outsiders, have often identified with African American struggles but feared that overt solidarity would endanger their own status as white. Nevertheless, American Jews were disproportionately represented in the civil rights movements. Lastly, while American Jewish are predominantly Ashkenazi, which is to say of Central and Eastern European heritage, contemporary American Jewry is increasingly racially diverse, in part because of Jewish immigration from other parts of the world but also because of interfaith marriage, conversion, and adoption. This increased racial diversity has caused problems in the contemporary American Jewish community, but it is also changing the face of it.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Billings ◽  
Eric Chyn ◽  
Kareem Haggag

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Fielding

This article builds on existing studies of the long-run persistence of geographical variation in tolerance towards other ethnicities. Using English data, the study tests whether the persistent characteristic is an attitude towards a specific ethnic group, or is an underlying cultural trait of which the attitude towards a specific group is just one expression. It finds evidence for the latter, identifying geographical variation in anti-immigrant sentiment in the twenty-first century that is correlated with patterns of immigrant settlement in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, despite the fact that modern immigrant groups are quite different from those in the Middle Ages.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-41
Author(s):  
William I. Robinson

El período comprendido entre 2008 y la tercera década del siglo XXI se caracteriza por una crisis prolongada para el capitalismo global, tanto estructural como política, que se ha visto agravada por la pandemia del coronavirus. La era de la globaliza-ción ha supuesto una transformación radical en curso en las modalidades de producción y apropiación de plusvalía. Existe una imparable concentración y centralización extrema del capital a escala global en los conglomerados financieros que a su vez actúan para en-trelazar toda la masa del capital global. Ahora el sistema está experimentando una nueva ronda de reestructuración y transformación basada en una digitalización mucho más avanzada de toda la economía y la sociedad global. Los agentes del capitalismo global están intentando adquirir para el sistema una nueva oportunidad de reproduccióna través de esta reestructuración digital y mediante la reforma que algunos entre la élite global están defendiendo frente a las presiones masivas desde abajo. Másallá de la coordinación de políticas transnacionales entre estados, el poder estructural que la clase capitalista transnacional puede ejercer desde arriba sobre aquellos socavará la reforma a menos que haya una contramovilización masiva del poder desde abajo. Si alguna reforma reguladora o redistributiva llega a concretarse, la reestructuración puede, dependiendo de la correlaciónde fuerzas sociales y de clase, desencadenar una nueva ronda de expansión productiva que atenúe la crisis. Sin embargo, a largo plazo, sin una reforma más profunda que la que se vislumbra actualmente en el horizonte, es díficil observar cómo el capitalismo global podría continuar reproduciéndose. The period from 2008 into the third decade of the twenty-first century has been one long protracted crisis for global capitalism, as much structural as political, that has been aggravated by the coronavirus pandemic. The era of globalization has involved an ongoing radical transformation in the modalities of producing and appropriating surplus value. There is an extreme and still increasing concentration and centralization of capital on a global scale in the financial conglomerates that in turn act to interlock the entire mass of global capital. Now the system is undergoing a new round of restructuring and transformation based on a much more advanced digitalization of the entire global economy and society. The agents of global capitalism are attempting to purchase for the system a new lease on life through this digital restructuring and through reform that some among the global elite are advocating in the face of mass pressures from below. Beyond transnational policy coordination among states, the structural power that the transnational capitalist class is able to exercise from above over states will undermine reform unless there is a mass counter-mobilization of power from below. If some regulatory or redistributive reform actually comes to pass, restructuring may, depending on the play of social and class forces, unleash a new round of productive expansion that attenuates the crisis. In the long run, however, it is difficult to see how global capitalism can continue to reproduce itself without a much more profound overhaul than is currently on the horizon, if not the outright overthrow of the system.


Author(s):  
Patrick Karl O'Brien

Industrialization refers to an economic transformation that is recent and different in scale and scope from the mere making of artifacts and has involved the rapid rise in the significance of manufacturing in relation to all other forms of production and work undertaken within national economies. This article discusses the many facets of industrialization: industrialization as a historical process; the present tendencies and future trends in global diffusion; inter-sectoral connections; international relations and the global context; and industrialization on a global scale over the very long run. In the twenty-first century success seems to require new and different political and social capabilities that are already shifting the concentrations of industrial activity away from Europe and North America and back to Asia.


Author(s):  
David A. Hamburg ◽  
Beatrix A. Hamburg

We turn now to egregious examples of ways that education can be used to instill hatred, with the help of authoritarian states and fanatical leaders (either theological or secular) who shape children’s lives. There have been vivid examples of this throughout the twentieth century. The twenty-first century starts with the dramatic case of some Islamic fundamentalist schools that follow in this tradition of molding the lives of children for careers of hatred and violence.We describe these examples to provide a sharp contrast to the remainder of this book. Our fundamental aspiration is to inspire educators and leaders to embrace the important alternative role of education in fostering prosocial, empathic, and cooperative behavior—with insight into the destructive forces of human experience—that can provide the basis for a peaceful world in the long run. To be effective, we must address the obstacles to education in constructing such programs. Children can be brought up to hate, to condone killing, and even to participate in killing. That experiment has been done repeatedly. In the rest of this book, let us look briefly at examples of this destructive educational experience and then at the other side of the coin—learning to live together peacefully. The human capacity to shape child and adolescent development toward a pervasive culture of hatred and violence was vividly demonstrated by the Nazi experience. The his- torian Klaus Fischer writes on youth and education, and women and the family, in his book Nazi Germany—A New History. We begin with the origin of youth groups as a countercultural protest and move to the creation of the Hitler Youth movement and ways in which it exploited these relatively innocent youthful protests. Nazi education, its philosophy, and the creation of elite schools are described in terms of their attempt to shape the minds and bodies of boys toward devotion to the Führer and toward their future as Nazi leaders. Teachers, as well, were indoctrinated and obligated to behave in a prescribed manner toward the same end. The family, particularly the woman’s role in it, was seen as the social underpinning of society. The Nazi glorification of motherhood and the family was a means of creating more children to serve Hitler and the Nazi regime.


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