Building value chains for indigenous fruits: lessons from camu-camu in Peru

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trent Blare ◽  
Jason Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Indigenous Fruits ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Risky Business

AbstractGovernments and NGOs have enthusiastically promoted value chains for lesser-known indigenous fruits in the pursuit of poverty reduction and other development goals. This paper examines experiences in Peru in building the value chain for camu-camu—a fruit native to the Amazon that is in the process of being domesticated. We look at interventions to build the chain, the environment in which the chain operates, the implications of chain development on livelihoods, and prospects for future chain development. Information was collected from gray literature as well as from primary data from household and key informant interviews. The results of this study suggest that the emergence of the camu-camu chain has led to higher farm income without generating large trade-offs in livelihood activities or the environment. However, the results also demonstrate an unrealized potential to achieve greater impact at scale due to gaps in services and inputs, limited coordination among farmers and chain actors, and a risky business environment. Building value chains for lesser-known fruits will require more than a techo-managerial focus on smallholder production. Greater attention is required to build stronger public–private collaboration to expand and diversify markets, with particular attention on strengthening institutions and growing local markets for high-value products.

The Governance of Global Agri-food Value Chains, Standards, and Development

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Swinnen ◽  
Rob Kuijpers
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Food Standards ◽  
Institutional Spillovers ◽  
And Gender

Understanding the development implications of agri-food standards and global value chains is crucial, as they are a fundamental component of developing countries’ growth potential and could increase rural incomes and reduce poverty, but at the same time they present serious challenges and could lead to further marginalization of the poor. This chapter reviews some of the implications of the spread of stringent standards associated with global value chains for developing countries and global poverty reduction. The chapter focuses on five aspects: the interaction between standards and value chain governance; the effects on agricultural productivity and smallholder welfare; farm-level and institutional spillovers; labor market and gender effects; and the interaction between liberalization policies and value chains.

scholarly journals STANCES OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS ON POVERTY AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milosav Miličković ◽  
Dušan Jerotijević ◽  
Aljoša Kostić
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
First Case ◽  
Basic Hypothesis ◽  
The Impact

The nation-states retained their target as the basic political units in international relations, with significant influence of the leading economic and military forces in them. Modern international organizations can be classified as government international organizations and non - government international organizations. In the first case, they are financed from government budgets, and non - governmental international organizations have funding sources mainly from state budgets, as well as from other institutions. (Andrew Duff, 2007) . International organizations in Bosnia and Herzegovina carry out a large number of projects in the post-war period, and above all it relates to: improving the economy, increasing the competitiveness of producers, gender equality - Gender, improving institutions, supporting returnees, supporting small and medium-sized businesses, reducing unemployment, combating poverty etc. From the above, it can be concluded that a large number of projects are geared towards developing the economy and combating unemployment and poverty, which will be the primary research of this paper. The analysis of International Organizations raises the question of the very purpose of project design in the host countries. The assumption is that it is twofold, both for the host state and for the (state) institutions that fund it. The first is that governmental international organizations are preparing a good business environment for their markets through International Organizations, and are expanding their influence there. The public institutions and the host country’s domestic economy are preparing for the cooperation and eventual entry of their large companies and other interests. On the other hand, there are also non - governmental international organizations, which mainly deal with humanitarian projects and economic ones to a lesser extent. Accordingly, it is justifiable to set the basic aim of this paper’s research: To research and present in tables, graphically, and to interpret theoretically the extent to which international organizations in Bosnia and Herzegovina have had an impact in combating poverty and reducing the unemployment rate, and whether there is a difference between accesses in other host countries. In the preliminary research for this paper, it was established that there is no quality data on the invested funds in this segment by the International Organizations, so the primary data collection was started. Primary data were collected from representatives of international organizations, employees of international organizations, as well as foreign diplomacy. The results of the analysis show the impact of the projects they have implemented on poverty alleviation and unemployment in Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to the above, it is possible to set the basic hypothesis of the work, which states: International organizations represented in the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina did not adequately answer the task when it comes to reducing unemployment and combating poverty. In addition to the basic hypothesis of the work, there is an auxiliary one, which reads: International organizations in Bosnia and Herzegovina have contributed more to poverty reduction than has been the case with reducing unemployment.

scholarly journals Business prospects and challenges in Haor areas of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Taj Uddin ◽  
Najmul Hossain ◽  
Aurup Ratan Dhar
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Price Support ◽  
Price Variation ◽  
Agricultural Resources ◽  
Inputs And Outputs

Bangladesh has experienced promising improvements in its overall economic, social and health conditions, but the progress is not up to the mark in Haor areas. Improvements in this sector can lead to increase in production, employment and poverty reduction. Aside from increased productivity, farmers need a supporting business environment where availability and access to agricultural inputs are ensured, fair returns to investment are secured. Keeping these issues in mind, the study was conducted to measure productivity, profitability, and price variation of inputs and outputs; and to identify business challenges and suggest policy options for overcoming constraints and exploring intervention strategies in Haor regions. Primary data were collected from Mohongonj upazila of Netrakona district and Mithamoin upazila of Kishoregonj district. A total of 120 farmers and 24 service providers were interviewed for data collection. Face-to-face interview, focus group discussions (FGD) and key informant interviews (KII) were conducted to collect primary data. For analyzing the data, descriptive statistics and accounting method were used to achieve the objectives. The study revealed that average farm size of the respondents was 0.73 hectare. Most of the farmers (39.2%) followed the farming system of crop-livestock-fish catching (C-L-F). Fish catching was the most profitable enterprise with BCR 2.12. The differences in productivity of crop farming and poultry rearing between Haor areas and main land were found statistically significant. Remarkable differences in quantity and price of inputs and outputs were seen in Haor areas and main land. Favorable farm environment and proper utilization of agricultural resources were identified as major strength and opportunity in the study areas. Formation of agribusiness clusters involving input suppliers, credit/financial organizations and different support service providers will result in more income, better nutrition and improved livelihood of the Haor people. The study concludes that the business environment in the Haor areas has a high potential to be exposed with the integration of available local agricultural resources. Government price support and improved market management are recommended for accessibility and appropriate use of agricultural inputs, and for managing local productive resources in use of business prospects in the study areas. J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 17(1): 65–72, March 2019

scholarly journals The role of state- business relations in the performance of Zambia’s food processing sub-sector

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (26) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godfrey Hampwaye ◽  
Soeren Jeppesen
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Business Associations ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
Food Processing Sector ◽  
Business Relations

Abstract In ensuring growth and development collaborative State-Business relations (SBRs) matters, and with economic growth comes increasing levels of employment, options for poverty reduction and hence more equitable development. Whereas it is known that SBR matters at a macro-economic level, the concept of SBR has also been employed in a more or less all-encompassing way in the literature. Accordingly, while it is clear that SBRs work, there is lack knowledge about which dimensions of SBRs are the most important. Due to the continued importance of agriculture in many developing countries, processing of the food produced in the sector is a key manufacturing activity of high economic importance to many economies. Ensuring collaborative SBRs in the food processing industry is therefore of interest to growth and development, particularly as it is a sector about which little is known about the role of SBRs. The paper attempts to examine how and why SBRs matter to and influence the growth and performance of local owned firms in the food processing sub-sector in Zambia. In particular, the paper analyses the roles and influence of government regulations and policies compared to those of business associations for the performance of the food processing sector in Zambia. The paper draws on primary data from a survey of firms in the food processing sector which was conducted between 2013 and 2014. It is shown that while the majority of the Zambian food processing firms experienced growth over the last five years, with increased employment and in a number of cases growing earnings, this seems to have happened in spite of a business environment which is not particularly supportive. The firms’ experience is that the SBRs mainly constitute institutional barriers to the performance of firms and highlight that formal government institutions and polices are incapable of assisting the firms and in most cases government institutions formulate and enact insufficient support schemes.

Rice farm income diversification in Ghana and implications on household consumption expenditure

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bismark Amfo ◽  
James Osei Mensah ◽  
Ernest Baba Ali ◽  
Gilbert Dagunga ◽  
Seth Etuah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Crop Diversification ◽  
Consumption Expenditure ◽  
Income Diversification ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rice Farmers

PurposeThis study investigates implications of crop and income diversifications on consumption expenditure (welfare) of rice-producing households in Ghana. It further compares diversification by three rice production systems: two-season rain-fed, two-season irrigated and one-season rain-fed rice production.Design/methodology/approachPrimary data were sourced from 225 rice farmers. Margalef index and three-stage least-squares were employed.FindingsMajority of rice-farming households in Ghana diversify livelihoods. The extent of livelihood diversification differs among two-season rain-fed, two-season irrigated and one-season rain-fed rice-producing households. Credit, distance to district capitals, production purpose and number of farming seasons influence crop and income diversifications, and consumption expenditure of rice-producing households. While crop diversification reduces consumption expenditure, income diversification increases it. Crop and income diversifications positively influence each other. Consumption expenditure reduces crop diversification but increases income diversification.Practical implicationsPolicy should be directed towards the promotion of more livelihood activities to boost rice farmers' welfare. There should be awareness creation and training programmes to enable rice farmers realize different economic activities within and outside the agricultural value chain.Originality/valueCrop and income diversifications were measured as continuous response variables, unlike previous studies that used a binary response variable. The authors established a synergy among crop and income diversifications, and consumption expenditure (welfare). The authors further compared crop and income diversifications by three rice production systems: two-season rain-fed, two-season irrigated and one-season rain-fed rice production systems.

Market development through integrating value chains – a case of Patanjali Food and Herbal Park

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Sengar ◽  
Vinay Sharma ◽  
Rajat Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Operations Management ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Market Development ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Sustainable Business ◽  
Value Innovation ◽  
Content Type

Subject area Market development. Study level/applicability This case is intended to be used in strategic management, operations management for both undergraduate and graduate courses. It can also be used for value innovation and market development. Case overview This case focuses on market development by Patanjali, a fast-growing organization crossing US$1bn of sales in five years of time span and declaring a target of doubling this figure in the financial year 2016-2017 (to reach US$1,500m). The prime focus of Patanjali is the health food segment based on herbal and Ayurveda science through the use of organically grown agricultural produce by integrating the associated value chains while radically benefitting all the stakeholders in a two-way process as suppliers as well as buyers/consumers. The fundamental context of the case is associated with the value chain development in terms of value addition on the basis of the organizational and leadership values in all the elements of the value chain of Patanjali products starting from suppliers to customers. The case emphasizes the role of the Patanjali Food & Herbal park in the value chain. Patanjali Food & Herbal Park is constantly striving for nation building more than profit accumulation. They have created a sustainable business benefiting all the stakeholders. The backbone of the Patanjali Food & Herbal Park lies in robust backward linkage and forward linkage. The context of the case presents an account of how the values based integration of the value chain is a strategic advantage and safeguards an organization from business environment threats. Expected learning outcomes The context of the case presents an account of how values based integration of the value chain is a strategic advantage and safeguard an organization from business environment threats. The case has a deep-rooted theoretical association with models like Porter’s Five Forces model on the one hand and also exemplifies how an organization can use blue ocean strategy through value-based value innovation. The context of the Black Swan perspective also emerges in the narration. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email [email protected] to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 11: Strategy.

Technological entrepreneurship in India

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Meil ◽  
Hal Salzman
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Knowledge Work ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Development Trajectories

Purpose Is the rise of the Indian software industry simply another Asian state-dominated industrial growth story or is India distinctive, an economy where small technology entrepreneurs also find niches for development and can be drivers of innovation? Research has focused on the large integrated Indian and international service providers. This study examines the opportunity for growth among smaller innovative technology entrepreneurial firms. Two areas of inquiry are: What factors have been responsible for spurring growth in the Indian IT industry? What type of work is being carried out at Indian firms and is this profile changing? This paper aims to examine the emergence of technology entrepreneurs, particularly in terms of their links to multinational firms and their role and position in global value chains. The paper takes a multi-level approach to understanding development trajectories in the IT sector in India: a global value chain approach to the extent that company processes are seen in their larger networked context across organizations and an institutional approach in terms of state policies that influence the creation of infrastructure that, in turn, shapes organizational development trajectories. Additionally, it examines the role of the various actors within IT sector organizations – the workers, the managers and, in the case of the small companies in our sample, the owners – on the outcome of growth trajectories in the Indian IT sector. We find that the various levels of change and policy all contribute to the outcome in company trajectories: the dominance of multinational enterprises on the market, the entrepreneurial vision and survival strategies of returned technology expatriates, and the changing policies of the government in promoting indigenous business. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative research interviews; comparative case study; literature review; multi-tier analysis. Findings The technology entrepreneurial development in India appears to represent quite a distinctive path in terms of both firm development and broader economic development. It is focused on the IT sector, in which high skill “knowledge work” is carried out and which has been able to develop despite lack of basic infrastructure (roads and reliable electricity). Research limitations/implications After the opening up of the business environment to large Western multinational enterprises (MNEs), it was difficult for indigenous Indian entrepreneurs to compete in innovative product development markets. Developing such companies depended on individual risk taking, as no specific infrastructure existed for niche production. However, the knowledge base and innovation clusters did offer opportunities for obtaining contracts. The Indian entrepreneurs did have to make a lot of compromises about defining their business and the tasks they could undertake. More research is needed on the paths and development opportunities for these smaller Indian-owned firms. Practical implications Unique opportunities are emergent and defy easy policy prescriptions, other than precluding change that does not foreclose emergent possibilities (e.g. such as strong state controlled business development). Social implications Indian-owned innovative companies, although having difficulties competing with large Indian and Western MNEs, do put pressure on these MNEs to move work up the value chain, thereby providing more interesting and challenging opportunities for Indian knowledge workers. Originality/value This paper provides a unique company-level perspective about entrepreneurialism in the Indian software sector from the perspective of different actors in the process. It then links this company-level perspective to a larger context both in terms of trajectories of development at the macro level, as well as the role that the company’s place in multinational value chains has in its development perspectives. It gives a special insight into the motivations and obstacles facing entrepreneurs in India’s dynamic software sector.

scholarly journals Poverty Alleviation And Microcredit In Sub-Saharan Africa

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wali I. Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Recent Effort ◽  
Extreme Poverty ◽  
The World ◽  
Land Tenure System ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Sub Saharan

Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) continues to be the most poverty- stricken region of the world. Concerns about poverty in SSA and poverty reduction efforts for this region have been documented extensively. The most recent effort aimed at global poverty reduction is known as the Millennium Development Goals (MDG). The first of the eight goals of the MDG calls for eradication of extreme poverty and hunger with a target to halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than $1 a day. An evaluation of this goal in 2005 reveals that SSA countries have failed to reduce the incidence of extreme poverty while other regions of the world have achieved success in this effort. This paper analyzes the incidence of extreme poverty in SSA in relation to the socio-economic infrastructure of the region, its land tenure system, and particularly the growth of microcredit and microentrepreneurship. Using primary data, the paper analyzes the growth of microcredit which operates through 297 microfinance institutes in 34 countries of the region. Extensive use of microfinancing has shown to reduce extreme poverty among the users of microcredit. Use of microcredit at the grassroots level creates a class of microentrepreneur with characteristics similar to the model of entrepreneurship developed by Schumpeter. The study concludes that there is a prospect for the growth of microentrepreneurship in at least 13 countries of SSA allowing for new employment opportunities, savings among borrowers, and reduction of extreme poverty.

scholarly journals Towards Social Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Development in Lebanon

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-70
Author(s):  
Malak Bou Diab
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Dynamic Perspective ◽  
Development Goals

Abstract Faced with provocation emerged from sustainable development, several states, and in specific organizations and other related social performers, are asking their tasks and desire to take dynamic perspective to social accountability. In doing this, they are faced with sustainable development challenges. Entrepreneurship constitutes the business efforts of an individual or group for earning profit and ensuring economic empowerment, while social entrepreneurship involves the business activities with an embedded social purpose focused on sustainability rather than immediate outcomes. Entrepreneurship is an important factor of economy. The development of social entrepreneurship needs a structural adjustment in the society. The principal paper aim is to investigate the social entrepreneurship role in improving sustainable development. Also, the paper will examine social entrepreneurship as an effective tool in resolving social problems, noting that social entrepreneurship analysis can provide a response to sustainable development challenges. The research focuses on addressing the current state of social entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship indicators, pillars of entrepreneurship development, business environment and entrepreneurial opportunity and signifying the practicality of dissimilar business models developed in social entrepreneurship. Surveys were conducted on fifty different organizations (banks and audit companies) to collect data. Also, SPSS system was used to analyze the data gathered, to study the relationship between sustainable development and social entrepreneurship. Evidence suggests that social entrepreneurship can play a significant role for poverty reduction, ensuring employment, economic prosperity, environmental justice, pollution free ecology, good governance, reduction of terrorism, guarantee of peace, corruption control etc., thus offering opportunities to fulfill sustainable development goals in Lebanon. We can conclude that social business models develop a basic spread that grant social entrepreneurs to participate actively to sustainable development.

scholarly journals Critical stages for post-harvest losses and nutrition outcomes in the value chains of bush beans and nightshade in Uganda

Food Security ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klara Strecker ◽  
Verena Bitzer ◽  
Froukje Kruijssen
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Loss Assessment ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Bush Bean

AbstractThe reduction of post-harvest losses (PHLs) has been identified as a key pathway to food and nutrition security in sub-Saharan Africa. However, despite policy prioritisation, knowledge about the severity of PHLs remains scant, especially when it comes to nutrient-dense crops such as African nightshade and bush beans. Therefore, this paper identifies loss hotspots, causes and effects throughout the value chains of nightshade and bush beans in eastern Uganda. Primary data collected following the Informal Food Loss Assessment Method, combined with small-scale load tracking and secondary data, allows for an analysis of physical, economic, quality, and nutritional losses throughout the value chains of both crops. Results show that in the bush bean value chain, severe physical and quality losses occur during post-harvest handling by farmers, leading to high economic losses at this stage of the chain. Nutritional losses are not expected to be significant in the bush bean value chain. By contrast, due to the shortness of the nightshade value chain, where produce is moved from harvest to consumption within one or two days, physical losses in most parts of the chain are relatively minor. Only at consumption stage, high physical losses occur. This is also the stage where economic losses and potential nutritional losses are most pronounced. The results of this study offer a deeper understanding of the value chain dynamics of bush beans and nightshade, including underlying gender relations, and identify concrete loss hotspots, upon which further research and practical interventions can build.

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