Microbial Responses to the Reduction of Chemical Fertilizers in the Rhizosphere Soil of Flue-Cured Tobacco

The overuse of chemical fertilizers has resulted in the degradation of the physicochemical properties and negative changes in the microbial profiles of agricultural soil. These changes have disequilibrated the balance in agricultural ecology, which has resulted in overloaded land with low fertility and planting obstacles. To protect the agricultural soil from the effects of unsustainable fertilization strategies, experiments of the reduction of nitrogen fertilization at 10, 20, and 30% were implemented. In this study, the bacterial responses to the reduction of nitrogen fertilizer were investigated. The bacterial communities of the fertilizer-reducing treatments (D10F, D20F, and D30F) were different from those of the control group (CK). The alpha diversity was significantly increased in D20F compared to that of the CK. The analysis of beta diversity revealed variation of the bacterial communities between fertilizer-reducing treatments and CK, when the clusters of D10F, D20F, and D30F were separated. Chemical fertilizers played dominant roles in changing the bacterial community of D20F. Meanwhile, pH, soil organic matter, and six enzymes (soil sucrase, catalase, polyphenol oxidase, urease, acid phosphatase, and nitrite reductase) were responsible for the variation of the bacterial communities in fertilizer-reducing treatments. Moreover, four of the top 20 genera (unidentified JG30-KF-AS9, JG30-KF-CM45, Streptomyces, and Elsterales) were considered as key bacteria, which contributed to the variation of bacterial communities between fertilizer-reducing treatments and CK. These findings provide a theoretical basis for a fertilizer-reducing strategy in sustainable agriculture, and potentially contribute to the utilization of agricultural resources through screening plant beneficial bacteria from native low-fertility soil.

The Effect of Remediation of Crude Oil Contaminated Land on Agricultural Resources in Umuechem in Etche Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria

Contamination is the release of hazardous materials into the environment; which could be in the form of: waste, petroleum hydrocarbons and other unwanted materials. The release of these hazardous materials could affect soil nutrients and aggravate biodiversity loss. When the soil nutrient is impacted, it negatively affects its crop yield and production capabilities. Once there is contamination of the environment, remediation becomes necessary. This paper examines the effects of remediation of crude oil contaminated land on agricultural resources in Umuechem in Etche Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. Purposive sampling technique and a survey research design was adopted with the use of structured questionnaires administered on a sample size of sixty two (62) persons whose farmlands and other agricultural resources were contaminated and thereafter remediated. The sample size was made up of fifty four (54) literate and eight (8) illiterate persons. The questionnaire was interpreted in native language to the illiterate persons by either their children or any other relative. The data obtained from the survey were analysed using descriptive statistics such as tables and statistical package for social sciences (SPSS).The findings obtained indicated that there was a post-remediation low-crop-yield and recommended that remediation consultants should adopt techniques capable of completely removing contaminants from the environment.

SOCIAL INSURANCE AND FEATURES TAXATION OF FARMS

There are farms (individual and family) an important component agricultural sector of Ukraine’s economy and effective 224 mechanism that promotes increasing employment and income growth in rural areas, involvement investment resources in agricultural production [1]. Domestic farmers, despite certain economic problems, provide more efficient use of agricultural resources, as it is fully implemented here economic interest the producers themselves, who are mainly owners of these resources, or on lease terms use some of them. In recent years, there has been a negative downward trend in Ukraine number of farms. The main reason for this situation is domestic agrarian experts call the lack of potential farmers start-up capital, on the basis which it would be possible to build an efficiently functioning agricultural production.

Database Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian Pangan Berkelanjutan Berbasis Remote Sensing dan Sistem Informasi Geografis di Subak Temaga Kecamatan Denpasar Timur

Database of Sustainable Food Agricultural Land Resources Based on Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System at Subak Temaga East Denpasar Subdistricts. Subak Temaga doesn’t yet have a database according to Government Regulation No. 25 of 2012 concerning Information System for Sustainable Food Agriculture Land (SFAL). A geospatial-based database needs to be compiled to implement these regulation. The research aims: compile a database of artificial resources, agricultural resources, land resources and human resources to support SFAL in Subak Temaga, create land ownership maps in Subak Temaga, compile an information system of SFAL and land ownership based on remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS). This research uses a survey method to obtain primary data, then doing the mapping to compile the information system based on geospatial. The research results: artificial resources (irrigation, jogging track/farm road), land resources (soil family, landform, slope, rainfall, land suitability, soil fertility), agricultural resources (types of farm commodities, productivity, agriculture tools and machinery, cropping pattern, types and dosage of fertilizer), human resources (name, address, age, last education, farmer status, ownership status, ownership large and boundary, profit-sharing system). Farmer status consists of 56 owner farmers (30,9%) and 125 sharecropers (69,1%). Land ownership status consist of 432 freehold polygons (92,7%) and 34 non freehold polygons (23.8%). Remote sensing is used to determine the boundaries of land ownership, GIS is used to compile a geospatial-based information system for LP2B and land ownership.

Development of community-based community-based agrotourism tea gardens for optimization of agricultural resources

The James tea plantation is located in Girikerto Village, Sine District, Ngawi Regency, East Java. The number of tourists at the Jamus Tea Garden Tourism Object has decreased due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential development of the Jamus Teagarden as a community-based agricultural tourism attraction as an effort to optimize agriculture resources. This study used a descriptive research method with a qualitative approach. Field observations, in-depth interviews, Focus Group Discussions, and document studies were carried out in data collection. Data validity uses data source triangulation. Agrotourism potential development is needed to utilize agricultural resources without damaging the environment. The potency of the Jamus tea garden in the utilization of agricultural resources can be optimized through the role of the community in various sectors. Especially in the economic sector, without any benefits, tourism business actors, including the community, will not be motivated to realize the success of agrotourism. The development of Agrotourism must also be primarily based on the environment. The environment must be maintained and preserved so that it can function sustainably.

Modeling the Grain Import Trade: A Cointegration Analysis of China’s Panel Data

In recent years, China has become the world’s largest importer of grain, and scholars have particularly examined whether China’s grain import trade presents this effect. By applying cointegration analysis to trade statistics panel data of China’s wheat, corn, rice, and soybean production and imports from January 2016 to December 2019, this paper empirically tests for the existence of the great country effect in China’s grain import trade. The results show that during the sample period, there is a long-term stable equilibrium relationship between the import volume, domestic price, and international price of the four major grains; the great country effect in the import trade of wheat and rice is not significant. The imports of corn and soybean present a great country effect to a certain extent in the short term; moreover, a change in the grain price in the international market does not lead to a change in China’s grain import volume, which shows that the great country effect in China’s grain import trade is distorted. Therefore, China should pay close attention to the impact of international factors on the fluctuation of its own food prices and enhance its ability to rationally utilize the international food market and international agricultural resources to ensure domestic food security.

Data Fusion For Intelligent Decision Making in Agriculture Resource Management

The Agricultural Resource Management System (ARMS) is an information system that geographically permits farmers to classify their field and farm animals’ for making services in terms of setting up resources, increasing their ecological Farm Plan, food traceability, and animal physical condition. It is a tough task of planning the agricultural resources and making use of them effectively such as farm construction, tools utilization, fertilizer processing, management amenities, and use facilities which adds to the production, training, and marketing of crops. Apart from the fundamental property sunlight, soil, and water, the seeds and animal breeds, and human Endeavour also should be given more priority as agricultural resources. On the other hand, Agriculture Management System is the administration website to assist farmers in achieving high productivity and profitability to furnish efficient agricultural procedures through online selling of products. In order to attain the benefits and profits through agricultural resources, the Data fusion technique is used to integrate data and knowledge impending from several sources to acquire exact outcomes remotely. The purpose of this paper is to construct an intelligent decision-making Data fusion algorithm for proficient agriculture resource management. In addition, the analysis of challenges of the resource management and solutions also are rendered by taking agriculture land’s natural resources like water, air, and temperature level in winter and autumn seasons..

Regional diversification of the use of agricultural production potential in the EU candidate and the Eastern partnership countries

Diversification of the agricultural production potential often implies the differentiation of the achieved farming productivity due to its effect on the agricultural resources and structural processes. The article aims to examine the diversity of the production potential in the agricultural sectors of the EU candidate countries (CC) and the Eastern Partnership countries (EPC) and its impact on the variety of the achieved productivity, as well as to present changes in the analyzed indicators in the years 2006–2017. A synthetic measure of agricultural development and a linear regression analysis were applied in the article. The research revealed that Belarus may be distinguished with regard to its production potential, as well as the achieved productivity. In most countries (with the exception of Montenegro and Macedonia), an increase in the value of the synthetic measure of the possessed potential has been recorded in the studied period. However, the synthetic measure of the agricultural productivity level displayed an insignificant raise only in half of the countries surveyed.

Optimization Model of Local Policy on Rural Tourism Income Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Zhonghui Kang

Under the background of the implementation of Rural Revitalization Strategy, rural tourism has become another important way to drive rural development and realize rural revitalization after the mechanized operation mode. Relying on the characteristics of rural resources, rural tourism gives full play to its role. Aiming at the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, it optimizes the resource allocation structure in rural areas, coordinates the industrial development, and constructs the characteristic rural tourism mode to meet the spiritual needs of contemporary people. With the development of new rural tourism mode relying on agricultural resources, such as research base, agricultural industrial park, characteristic towns and so on, more and more people love rural tourism. The development of rural tourism injects new vitality into rural areas, promotes the growth of rural regional economy, effectively increases farmers’ employment, promotes industrial integration, and is conducive to solving the “three rural” problems, reducing poverty, and promoting the construction of a well-off society.

Siwa Oasis

The Siwa Oasis is located in Egypt’s Western Desert and lies about 50 kilometers east of the Libyan border and 300 kilometers south of the Mediterranean coast. The oasis has been renowned since ancient times for the presence of a temple, built during the Twenty-Sixth Pharaonic Dynasty (664–525 BCE), which hosted the oracle of the god Ammon and allegedly attracted the visit of Alexander the Great in 331 BCE. Apart from scattered descriptions, little is known about the history of Siwa in the Middle Ages. Archaeological and linguistic research has, however, yielded useful insights on the history of the oasis, on the movements of its inhabitants, and on their contacts with the wider world, while information about life in the oasis between the 18th and the 20th centuries can be found in numerous travel accounts composed mainly by European officials, geographers, and travelers and in a few anthropological studies. Siwa was formally brought under Egyptian control in 1820 by Muhammad Ali, but it remained strongly attached to Benghazi. During the 19th century, the Sanussiyya, an Islamic sufi order with headquarters in the neighboring oasis of Al-Jaghbub, acquired considerable political power, and it played an important role in the effective incorporation of Siwa into Egypt during the 19th and the 20th centuries. Today, Siwa and the smaller oasis of El-Gara, which lies about 100 km to the northeast, form a municipality within the Governorate of Marsa Matruh, with over 31,000 inhabitants (2019 official census by the Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics). The municipality hosts the easternmost Berber-speaking community, whose language, called Siwi, shares many linguistic features with the languages of Sokna and El Fogaha in Libya, partially also with the Zenati group, and which has been heavily influenced by Arabic. While the majority of the population of Siwa is Berber, the oasis is also home to a Bedouin community related to the Awlad Ali, the Shahibaat, as well as to a growing number of other Egyptian settlers. Currently the entire population of the oasis speaks Arabic as either a first or a second language. For centuries, the economy of the oasis relied almost exclusively on its natural and agricultural resources, specifically on its abundant spring water and date palms as well as the fine fruits from the latter, which are central to the life of the community. More recently, however, tourism and its corollary activities have gained considerable importance in Siwa’s economy, and they have contributed to redistributing wealth within the community and reshaping the landscape of the oasis. We would like to thank Sergio Volpi, the founder of the association Le Royaumes des Deux Déserts and the Black Lions Library in Siwa for sharing with us the copies of some works not available otherwise. We also thank the anonymous reviewer for suggesting works that we had initially overlooked and for other valuable comments and remarks.