scholarly journals Synergetic effects of two botanical entomocides as pest-protectants in maize grains

2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayode David Ileke ◽  
Jacobs Mobolade Adesina ◽  
Emmanuel Oluwaseun Obajulaye
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Plant Products ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Synergetic Effects ◽  
Grain Damage

<em>Sitophilus zeamais</em> Motschulsky infestation causes severe post-harvest losses of cereal grains in Nigeria leading to major nutritional and economic losses. A laboratory study was conducted to determine the efficacy of <em>Myrcianthes fragrans</em> and <em>Aframomum melegueta</em> seed powders and methanol extract as well as their synergetic effects on <em>S. zeamais</em>. The ability of the plant products to protect maize grain against <em>S. zeamais</em> infestation was assessed in terms of mortality 24 to 96 h posttreatment, oviposition, and adult emergence, weight loss and grains damage. <em>M. fragrans</em> and <em>A. melegueta</em> products significantly cause adult mortality of <em>S. zeamais</em>. <em>M. fragrans</em> products were the most toxic as it evoked 100% adult mortality within 24 h of application while<em> A. melegueta</em> products evoked 100% mortality of <em>S. zeamais</em> at 48 and 72 h post treatment, respectively. The synergetic effects of the plant products caused 100% adult mortality at 48 and 72 h post-treatment, respectively. Oviposition, adult emergence, weight loss and damage of the maize grains treated with the plant products were completely inhibited compared with untreated grains. The results obtained revealed that 2 g and 2% sole application of <em>M. fragrans</em> and mixed application of <em>M. fragrans</em> and <em>A. melegueta</em> products were effective in controlling <em>Sitophilus zeamais</em> post-harvest infestation and grain damage and could serve as an alternative to synthetic insecticide in ensuring steady supply of maize grains, thus ensuring food security as the plants are of medicinal and nutritional quality.

scholarly journals Assessment of Insecticidal Properties of Products From Seeds of Carica papaya Against Callosobruchus Maculatus (Fabricius)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Joy Ejemen Idoko ◽  
Bukola Mary Atere ◽  
Raphael Abiodun Adebayo
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Papaya Seed

Powder and ash of Carica papaya seed extracted from riped and unriped C. papaya fruits obtained from Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Technology, Akure were evaluated for their insecticidal potential against Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) at application rates of 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0g per 20g of cowpea seeds. The experiment was carried out at the pest management laboratory of the Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management under ambient laboratory conditions of 27±20C temperature and 70±5% relative humidity. Each treatment was infested with 5 pairs of C. maculatus. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design with each treatment replicated three times. Mortality of cowpea beetles were assessed at 24, 48 and 72hours post treatment. Thereafter data were collected on oviposition, adult emergence, weevil perforation index and seed germination. The results obtained indicated that adult mortality of C. maculatus increased with increasing application rates of powders and ashes of ripe and unripe C. papaya seeds. 100% mortality was observed on cowpea seeds treated with powders and ashes of unripe C. papaya seed at 0.8 and 1.0g application rates at 72hours post treatment. Powders and ashes of unripe C. papaya seed significantly reduced the oviposition potential of adult C. maculatus and caused significant reduction of damaged seeds. Highest number of seeds that germinated was recorded on the seeds treated with powders and ashes of unripe C. papaya seed at 0.8 and 1.0g application rates.

Relative susceptibility of 20 elite maize varieties to infestation and damage by the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (04) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.C. Nwosu ◽  
C.O. Adedire ◽  
E.O. Ogunwolu ◽  
M.O. Ashamo
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Maize Varieties

Susceptibility studies keep farmers informed, and enhance breeding programmes' testing against infestation and damage by stored product pests. Therefore, the susceptibility of 20 elite maize varieties toSitophilus zeamaisinfestation was investigated in the laboratory at 32.7 °C ambient temperature and 70.4% relative humidity. The varieties tested were obtained from the Maize Breeding Units of International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), and Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IAR&amp;T), both in Ibadan, Nigeria. Susceptibility was assessed, using as indices, weevil mortality and survival rates, percentage grain damage, percentage grain weight loss, weight of grain powder, weevil development time, and number of emerged adults. The susceptibility index was determined post-infestation at 56 days using Dobie's formula and at 90 days from a new formula derived from Dobie's formula. Susceptible varieties produced significantly (P≤ 0.05) high numbers of F1and F2progeny, and had significantly (P≤ 0.05) low weevil mortality and early first weevil emergence. Grain damage and loss increased with storage duration. There was no visible damage to varieties 2000SYNEE-WSTR and TZBRELD3C5 at 56 days post-infestation. At 90 days, the two varieties had the lowest percentage grain damage, percentage weight loss, and weight of grain powder. The index of susceptibility at F2progeny showed that the resistant varieties decreased in number from 17 (85%) to 13 (65%) and the moderately resistant varieties increased from 2 (10%) to 6 (30%). This suggests the effect of prolonged storage duration on the inherent ability of varieties to resist weevil attack. Variety PVASYN3F2 was susceptible. The factors conferring high resistance to 2000SYNEE-WSTR and TZBRELD3C5 should be investigated. They should be promoted to controlS. zeamaisinfestation and damage in stored maize.

scholarly journals Biopesticidal Management of Pulse Beetle (Callosobruchus Chinensis L) in Chickpea Seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. p184
Author(s):  
Md. Israfil Jahan ◽  
Masum Ahmad ◽  
Md. Sohanur Rahman ◽  
Fakhar Uddin Talukder
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Control Seed ◽  
Plant Powders ◽  
Pulse Beetle ◽  
Leaf Powder

The pesticidal efficacy of four locally available leaves of botanicals like neem (Azadirachta indica), datura (Datura stramonium),  marigold (Tagetes erecta) and garlic (Allium sativum L.) tablet powders was assessed on pulse bettle (Callosobruchus chinensis L) through adult mortality and emergence, oviposition performance, seed damage, weight loss and germination  of chickpea (Cicer arietinum). The above test biopesticides were tested at three different rates (0.5 g, 1.0 g and 1.50 g powder/kg of chickpea seeds). All the tested powder showed significant effect on the above parameters. The highest adult mortality was recorded when chickpea seeds were treated with datura leaf powder at 1.50 g/kg, whereas marigold showed the least effect on adult mortality. The powders used in the experiment effectively controlled oviposition and adult emergence of pulse beetle. The lowest number of adult emergence was obtained from chickpea seeds treated with datura leaf powder at 1.50 g/kg. The highest weight loss was observed in control seeds followed by marigold leaf powder 0.5 g/kg gram seeds. Datura leaf powder treated seeds showed the lowest seed weight loss followed by neem, garlic and marigold. Plant powders had profound effect on seed germination. The highest germination was observed in treated seed with datura leaf powder at 1.50 g/kg and the lowest germination in control seed followed by marigold leaf powder at 1.5 g/kg treated seeds. The pesticidal effect on oviposition, adult mortality, adult emergence, and seed weight loss was directly proportional to leaf powder rates.

scholarly journals Eco-Friendly Management Of Pulse Beetle

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
Homan Regmi ◽  
Yubak Dhoj
Keyword(s):  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Storage Structure ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Pulse Beetle ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
F2 Generation

An experiment on eco-friendly approach of managing pulse beetle (Callosobruchus chinensis L.) in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L) was carried out at the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal from April to July, 2007. The experiment consisted of fourteen treatments laid out in two factors Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. Among them, storage structure (aluminium sheet bin and jute bag with plastic lining) was considered as one factor and pesticidal materials (Xanthoxylum armatum DC fruit dust@ 30gm kg-1; Acorus calamus L. rhizome dust@ 30 gm kg-1; Cinnamom camphora balls@ 1.5 gm kg-1; Sesamum indicum L. oil@ 5 ml kg-1; Azadirachta indica A. Juss. leaf dust@30gm kg-1; malathion dust@ 1gm kg-1 and control) was as another factor. Among six pesticidal materials tested, mortality of adult bruchids was obtained significantly higher in chickpea treated by C. camphora balls (25.17) followed by A. calamus rizome dust (24.83) and Sesamum oil (24.50). Grain damage and weight loss was nil in chickpea treated by these three materials. Among botanicals used, X. armatum fruit dust and A. indica leaf dust were found ineffective to cause adult mortality (20.33 and 19.67) and adult emergence (1549 and 2292) in chickpea. Malathion, initially was found somewhat effective in adult mortality (21.67) and adult emergence (30.33). However, it was less effective from F2 generation resulting maximum adult emergence (2127). While comparing two storage structures, jute bag with plastic lining was better in terms of maintaining lower moisture (14.64%), higher germination (65.14%) and lesser grain damage (39.95%). Thus, the jute bag with plastic lining was found as a better storage structure and botanical materials such as A. calamus rhizome dust, Sesamum oil and C. camphora balls have been found as effective safe alternatives for the management of C. chinensis L. in the storage of chickpea. The Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:12, Jun.2011, Page 81-90 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v12i0.7567

scholarly journals Bioefficacy of Selected Plant Extracts against Sitophilus zeamais on Post-Harvest Management of Zea mays

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 384-391
Author(s):  
SM Kaguchia ◽  
◽  
SM Gitahi ◽  
CL Thoruwa ◽  
JK Birgen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Harvest Management ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
On Farm

Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most important cereal crop in Kenya with 90% of the total population relying on it as the main staple food. Post-harvest loss in maize is caused by insect pests such Sitophilus zeamais and Larger grain borer and the can sometimes be up to 90 percent. Synthetic chemicals are used to manage weevil infestation in maize. However, chemical residues have been detected on the stored maize prior to consumption. Additionally, continuous uses of synthetic chemicals have led to development of pest resistance reducing their effectiveness. This study therefore sought to evaluate a possible use of Ocimum kilimandscharicum essential oil to manage Sitophilus zeamais. The study also determined the effect of pretreating baglets with aqueous extracts of A. indica and W. ugandensis to enhance efficacy of O. kilimandscharicum oil. Laboratory experiments were carried out to establish insecticidal property of O. kilimandscharicum oil. Additionally, on farm experiments were carried out to establish the oil’s effectiveness and longevity. Maize grains were treated with O. kilimandscharicum oil in the first experiment and in the second treated maize grains were put in miniature synthetic bags treated with aqueous extracts of A. indica and W. ugandensis and stored in a granary for six months. On-farm experiment revealed that O. kilimandscharicum oil doses were effective against S. zeamais as compared with untreated maize grains. However, 10 ml per 1kg of maize grains was the best dosage. Weight loss in maize grains was proportional to the number of holed grains. Replenishment of the oil after the third month (at 6 ml, 8 ml and 10 ml) reduced significantly (p<0.0001) the number of holed grains as well as weight loss. Pretreatment of baglets containing maize grains with aqueous extracts of A. indica and W. ugandensis significantly improved protection of maize grains treated with O. kilimandscharicum oil. From the results of this study it can be concluded that plant extracts can offer a possible substitute to synthetic chemicals in post-harvest management of S. zeamais in stored maize. Use of essential oil of O. kilimandscharicum for post-harvest protection of maize grains against S. zeamais is therefore recommended

scholarly journals Bioefficacy of some plants ethanolic extracts against maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) infestation of stored maize grains

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
H.E. Negbenebor ◽  
S. Nura
Keyword(s):  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Percentage Decrease ◽  
Increase With Increase ◽  
Hyptis Suaveolens ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Tephrosia Vogelii

The experiment was conducted to determine the efficacy of three plants ethanolic extracts against maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) on stored  maize grains (Zea mays). Five different ethanolic concentrations (0.5 mg/L, 1.0 mg/L, 2.0 mg/L, 4.0 mg/L and 8.0 mg/L) were made from the leaves of Hyptis suaveolens, Alstonia boonei and Tephrosia vogelii with 0.0 mg/L as the control (ethanol) and applied onto the maize grains by dipping. Theexperiment consists of six treatments (including control) and was laid in completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Data were collected for adult mortality, number of eggs, larval development and percentage grain damage. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5% probability level with Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) used to separate the means that were significant. The result obtainedrevealed significant difference (P≤ 0.05) between the concentrations over the control in terms of toxicity, oviposition, induced adult mortality and progeny suppression. However, the extracts from Tephrosia vogelii are the most toxic and produced the best effect with LC of 4.85 mg/L at 24 hours of exposure and 1.94 mg/L at 48 50 hours of exposure. Similar result was found in terms of adult mortality and oviposition suppression. The effectof the extracts is concentration-dependent increase with increase in concentration. The percentage decrease in weight due to the weevil's  infestation was found to be reduced with increase in concentrations. Thus, 8.0 mg/L of the ethanolic extracts of Tephrosia vogelii is recommended for biological control of Sitophilus zeamais against stored maize grains. Key Words: Concentrations, Ethanolic Extracts, Maize, Weevil.

EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT PLANT PRODUCTS AGAINST RUST RED FLOUR BEETLE,TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM IN STORED WHEAT GRAINS

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
MANOJ KUMAR TRIPATHI ◽  
DEO PRAKASH PATEL
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Plant Products ◽  
Stored Wheat ◽  
Flour Beetle ◽  
Custard Apple ◽  
Leaf Powder

A laboratory experiment was conducted to assess the efficacy of nine plant products namely neem, karanj, eucalyptus, lantana, custard apple, lemon grass and meetha neem using their leaf powder and turmeric and ginger using their rhizome powder against the rust red flour beetle. Tribolium castaneum in stored wheat. Among the different treatments of plant products were evaluated by treating 100 g of wheat grains with 2% of grain weight against T. castaneum up to 30 days. The grains treated with eucalyptus leaf powder were found to be most effective and 27.25% adult mortality and 0.09% weight loss was observed. The least effective treatment was custard apple leaf powder with 7.78 % mortality and lantana leaf powder where 0.37% weight loss was recorded.

Evaluation of leaf and vine powders of Secamone afzelii (Schult) K. Schum for control of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in stored cowpea Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-162
Author(s):  
J. M. Adesina ◽  
T. I. Ofuya
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Percentage Weight Loss ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Percentage Weight ◽  
Treatment Number

The experiment was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of Secamone afzeliileaf and vine powders applied at the rate of 0.5g, 1.0g, 1.5g and 2.0g underambient laboratory conditions on Callosobruchus maculatus on stored cowpea.Mortality of adult insects at 48 h post treatment, number of eggs laid,adult emergence, adult exit holes and percentage weight loss in each treatmentwere compared with those of control. The results indicated that vinepowder caused significantly greater kill (P < 0.05) of C. maculatus adultswhen applied at 2.0g than other dosages. The application rate of 2.0g of leafpowder was able to cause reduction in number of eggs laid by the weevil(5.67/20g seed) and significantly (P < 0.05) suppressed adult emergence(21.12). Adult exit holes and percentage weight loss were significantly reducedat all levels of application. It is concluded that Secamone afzelii hasgreat potential for use as a plant‐based biopesticide for controlling C. maculatuson stored cowpea.

scholarly journals Comparative response of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Chysomelidae) to Momordica charantia and Acalypha wilkesiana powders in stored cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) (Walp.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-230
Author(s):  
Oyewale Rufus Adeboye ◽  
Mercy Olayinka Oni ◽  
Jacobs Mobolade Adesina
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Dosage Level ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Momordica Charantia ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Plant Powders ◽  
Acalypha Wilkesiana

Post-harvest preservation of cowpea in developing countries has been a major challenge owing to Callosobruchus maculatus infestation. The study compares response of C. maculatus (F) to Momordica charantia and Acalypha wilkesiana powders in stored cowpea seeds under laboratory atmosphere. Five pairs of freshly emerged C. maculatus adults were introduced into Petri-dish containing 20 g of cowpea admixed with 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 g of each plant powder, replicated thrice and arranged in a complete randomization design. Adult mortality was recorded at 24 h interval for 5 days, oviposition was recorded after 48 h. While newly emerged insects were recorded 30-35 days after infestation and weight loss was also determined. The treatments showed significant increase in C. maculatus adult mortality as the time of exposure and dosage increases, with highest values (90 and 100% for A. wilkesiana and M. charantia, respectively) at 120 h of exposure and 0.8 g dosage level. At 0.8 g, A. wilkesiana (66.3) and M. charantia (63.0) treated seeds recorded significantly lower number of eggs laid. Similar trend was equally observed for adult emergence and percentage weight loss. The study revealed that both plants had significant insecticidal effects and clearly showed that M. charantia was more effective than A. wilkesiana, but did not show higher significant differences in all the parameters assessed. This indicated that these plant powders have prospective to safeguard cowpea seeds in store from C. maculatus infestation and damage. Therefore, these plant should be included in the Integrated Pest Management Strategies for cowpea storage by small scale farmers.

scholarly journals Resistance of Some Hybrid Maize (Zea mays L.) to Damage by Maize Weevil Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Larger Grain Borer, Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-59
Author(s):  
T. J Adebowale ◽  
A. A Osipitan
Keyword(s):  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Prostephanus Truncatus ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Grain Dust ◽  
Hybrid Maize ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Damage to stored maize grains by Sitophilus zeamais and Prostephanus truncatus is enormous and could be total if the insects are not controlled timely and appropriately. Control of the insects with host plant resistance has advantages over other control measures because of its lasting effect, friendliness to the environment and safety to natural enemies among others. This study assessed host resistance of 11 maize varieties to infestation and damage by S. zeamais and P. truncatus. One hundred gram maize grains each of the maize varieties were weighed into 250 cm3 glass jars and separately infested with twenty, 1-5 days old S. zeamais or P. truncatus. Percentage grain damage, weight loss, adult mortality, grain dust and number of insects were determined and integrated to define the resistance of the maize varieties to the insects. Eight of the 11 maize varieties were either resistant or moderately resistant to damage by S. zeamais and P. truncatus, while three were susceptible. The basis of resistance is antibiosis conferred by the ash, carbohydrate and fat content of the maize grains. The resistance varieties could be planted to mitigate infestation and damage by the insects. The factors conferring resistance can be used as environmentally friendly source of resistance to breed maize grains for resistance to the insects.

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