scholarly journals Black Hole Feeding and Feedback in the Context of Galaxy Formation

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (S267) ◽  
pp. 411-420
Author(s):  
Rachel S. Somerville
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Dark Matter ◽  
Galaxy Formation ◽  
Cold Dark Matter ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Supermassive Black Holes ◽  
Cosmological Simulations ◽  
Evolution Of Galaxies ◽  
The Impact

AbstractI describe ways in which state-of-the-art cosmological simulations are modeling the growth and evolution of supermassive black holes (feeding), and the impact of the energy that they release on galaxies and their surroundings (feedback). I then discuss how this new picture of interconnected co-evolution of galaxies and black holes provides plausible explanations for several of the mysteries that have long vexed theorists studying galaxy formation within the hierarchical cold dark matter paradigm.

scholarly journals Supermassive black holes in cosmological simulations I: MBH − M⋆ relation and black hole mass function

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mélanie Habouzit ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
Rachel S Somerville ◽  
Shy Genel ◽  
Annalisa Pillepich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Time Evolution ◽  
Galaxy Formation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mass Function ◽  
Supermassive Black Holes ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Cosmological Simulations ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The past decade has seen significant progress in understanding galaxy formation and evolution using large-scale cosmological simulations. While these simulations produce galaxies in overall good agreement with observations, they employ different sub-grid models for galaxies and supermassive black holes (BHs). We investigate the impact of the sub-grid models on the BH mass properties of the Illustris, TNG100, TNG300, Horizon-AGN, EAGLE, and SIMBA simulations, focusing on the MBH − M⋆ relation and the BH mass function. All simulations predict tight MBH − M⋆ relations, and struggle to produce BHs of $M_{\rm BH}\leqslant 10^{7.5}\, \rm M_{\odot }$ in galaxies of $M_{\star }\sim 10^{10.5}-10^{11.5}\, \rm M_{\odot }$. While the time evolution of the mean MBH − M⋆ relation is mild ($\rm \Delta M_{\rm BH}\leqslant 1\, dex$ for 0 ≤ z ≤ 5) for all the simulations, its linearity (shape) and normalization varies from simulation to simulation. The strength of SN feedback has a large impact on the linearity and time evolution for $M_{\star }\leqslant 10^{10.5}\, \rm M_{\odot }$. We find that the low-mass end is a good discriminant of the simulation models, and highlights the need for new observational constraints. At the high-mass end, strong AGN feedback can suppress the time evolution of the relation normalization. Compared with observations of the local Universe, we find an excess of BHs with $M_{\rm BH}\geqslant 10^{9}\, \rm M_{\odot }$ in most of the simulations. The BH mass function is dominated by efficiently accreting BHs (log10 fEdd ≥ −2) at high redshifts, and transitions progressively from the high-mass to the low-mass end to be governed by inactive BHs. The transition time and the contribution of active BHs are different among the simulations, and can be used to evaluate models against observations.

Growing Supermassive Black Holes in Cosmological Simulations of Structure Formation

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (S267) ◽  
pp. 445-450
Author(s):  
Debora Sijacki ◽  
Volker Springel ◽  
Martin G. Haehnelt
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Structure Formation ◽  
Early Universe ◽  
Supermassive Black Holes ◽  
Cosmological Simulations ◽  
Evolution Of Galaxies

AbstractWe discuss a numerical model for black hole (BH) growth and feedback that allows simultaneous tracking of the evolution of galaxies and their central BHs in fully cosmological simulations. After describing the main features of the numerical model adopted, we show how BHs in these simulations affect the properties of their host halos and how this in turn impacts the growth of the BHs themselves. We also present results from a set of simulations specifically designed to address the issue of BH assembly in the early Universe and discuss whether or not different extensions of the model, in particular rapidly spinning BHs and gravitational recoils, can hamper the formation of the first bright quasars.

scholarly journals Supermassive black holes surrounded by dark matter modeled as anisotropic fluid: epicyclic oscillations and their fitting to observed QPOs

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (11) ◽  
pp. 059
Author(s):  
Z. Stuchlík ◽  
J. Vrba
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Dark Matter ◽  
Active Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Supermassive Black Holes ◽  
Anisotropic Fluid ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Black Hole Spacetimes ◽  
Test Particles

Abstract Recently introduced exact solution of the Einstein gravity coupled minimally to an anisotropic fluid representing dark matter can well represent supermassive black holes in galactic nuclei with realistic distribution of dark matter around the black hole, given by the Hernquist-like density distribution. For these fluid-hairy black hole spacetimes, properties of the gravitational radiation, quasinormal ringing, and optical phenomena were studied, giving interesting results. Here, using the range of physical parameters of these spacetimes allowing for their relevance in astrophysics, we study the epicyclic oscillatory motion of test particles in these spacetimes. The frequencies of the orbital and epicyclic motion are applied in the epicyclic resonance variant of the geodesic model of quasiperiodic oscillations (QPOs) observed in active galactic nuclei to demonstrate the possibility to solve the cases where the standard vacuum black hole spacetimes are not allowing for explanation of the observed data. We demonstrate that the geodesic model can explain the QPOs observed in most of the active galactic nuclei for the fluid-hairy black holes with reasonable halo parameters.

scholarly journals Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter: Recent Developments

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 355-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Carr ◽  
Florian Kühnel
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Particle ◽  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Dark Matter ◽  
Cold Dark Matter ◽  
Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Matter Density ◽  
Primordial Black Holes ◽  
Poisson Effect ◽  
Recent Developments

Although the dark matter is usually assumed to be made up of some form of elementary particle, primordial black holes (PBHs) could also provide some of it. However, various constraints restrict the possible mass windows to 1016–1017 g, 1020–1024 g, and 10–103 M⊙. The last possibility is contentious but of special interest in view of the recent detection of black hole mergers by LIGO/Virgo. PBHs might have important consequences and resolve various cosmological conundra even if they account for only a small fraction of the dark matter density. In particular, those larger than 103 M⊙ could generate cosmological structures through the seed or Poisson effect, thereby alleviating some problems associated with the standard cold dark matter scenario, and sufficiently large PBHs might provide seeds for the supermassive black holes in galactic nuclei. More exotically, the Planck-mass relics of PBH evaporations or stupendously large black holes bigger than 1012 M⊙ could provide an interesting dark component.

THE GALACTIC CENTER IS ALIVE

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1937-1940
Author(s):  
PASCAL CHARDONNET ◽  
ANNA CHIAPPINELLI
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Dark Matter ◽  
Event Horizon ◽  
Galactic Center ◽  
Direct Proof ◽  
Massive Black Holes ◽  
Central Object ◽  
Evolution Of Galaxies ◽  
Formation And Evolution

The center of our Galaxy provides a uniquely accessible laboratory. It is a rich environment of extreme density, velocity and tidal fields of stars. It is the closest example of a galactic nucleus and could give the opportunity to understand the role that massive black-holes play in the formation and evolution of galaxies. It could be used to test the effects of relativity and dark matter in the Galactic Center. If the central object is a black-hole such observation would be a milstone: the first direct proof that an event horizon, and therefore a black-hole exists. The next decade will be decisive in new discoveries.

scholarly journals Axion core–halo mass and the black hole–halo mass relation: constraints on a few parsec scales

2019 ◽  
Vol 488 (4) ◽  
pp. 4497-4503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Desjacques ◽  
Adi Nusser
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Dark Matter ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Supermassive Black Holes ◽  
Mass Relation ◽  
Axion Mass

ABSTRACT If the dark matter is made of ultralight axions, stable solitonic cores form at the centres of virialized haloes. In some range for the mass m of the axion particle, these cores are sufficiently compact and can mimic supermassive black holes (SMBH) residing at galactic nuclei. We use the solitonic core–halo mass relation, validated in numerical simulations, to constrain a new range of allowed axion mass from measurements of the SMBH mass in (pseudo)bulge and bulgeless galaxies. These limits are based on observations of galactic nuclei on scales smaller than 10 pc. Our analysis suggests that $m\lesssim 10^{-18}\, {\rm eV}$ is ruled out by the data. We briefly discuss whether an attractive self-interaction among axions could alleviate this constraint.

scholarly journals Primordial black holes and the origin of the matter–antimatter asymmetry

2019 ◽  
Vol 377 (2161) ◽  
pp. 20190091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan García-Bellido
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Dark Matter ◽  
Cold Dark Matter ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Primordial Black Holes ◽  
Far From Equilibrium ◽  
The Universe

We review here a new scenario of hot spot electroweak baryogenesis where the local energy released in the gravitational collapse to form primordial black holes (PBHs) at the quark-hadron (QCD) epoch drives over-the-barrier sphaleron transitions in a far from equilibrium environment with just the standard model CP violation. Baryons are efficiently produced in relativistic collisions around the black holes and soon redistribute to the rest of the universe, generating the observed matter–antimatter asymmetry well before primordial nucleosynthesis. Therefore, in this scenario there is a common origin of both the dark matter to baryon ratio and the photon to baryon ratio. Moreover, the sudden drop in radiation pressure of relativistic matter at H 0 / W ± / Z 0 decoupling, the QCD transition and e + e − annihilation enhances the probability of PBH formation, inducing a multi-modal broad mass distribution with characteristic peaks at 10 −6 , 1, 30 and 10 6   M ⊙ , rapidly falling at smaller and larger masses, which may explain the LIGO–Virgo black hole mergers as well as the OGLE-GAIA microlensing events, while constituting all of the cold dark matter today. We predict the future detection of binary black hole (BBH) mergers in LIGO with masses between 1 and 5  M ⊙ , as well as above 80  M ⊙ , with very large mass ratios. Next generation gravitational wave and microlensing experiments will be able to test this scenario thoroughly. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Topological avatars of new physics’.

scholarly journals AGN and Host Galaxies in the COSMOS Survey

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (S277) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Impey ◽  
Jonathan R. Trump ◽  
Jared M. Gabor ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Supermassive Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole Mass ◽  
Host Galaxies ◽  
Intermediate Mass ◽  
Evolution Of Galaxies ◽  
Accretion Rates ◽  
Deep Survey ◽  
Optical Surveys

AbstractThe Cosmological Evolution Survey (COSMOS) is a unique tool for studying low level AGN activity and the co-evolution of galaxies and supermassive black holes. COSMOS involves the largest contiguous region of the sky ever imaged by HST; it includes very complete multiwavelength coverage, and the largest joint samples of galaxy and AGN redshifts in any deep survey. The result is a search for AGN with low black hole mass, low accretion rates, and levels of obscuration that can remove them from optical surveys. A complete census of intermediate mass black holes at redshifts of 1 to 3 is required to tell the story of the co-evolution of galaxies and their embedded, and episodically active, black holes.

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