Explicitly incorporating virtues into actuarial education

AbstractThis paper outlines a framework for explicitly including ethics in actuarial education. The framework includes integrity, the cardinal virtues (justice, prudence, self-control and courage), and vocation. It is based on a traditional understanding of ethics, and it is argued that it has the potential to be widely acceptable. Justification, from philosophy, is found mainly in virtue ethics, and the work of Alasdair MacIntyre. The framework is concerned with matters of character as well as behaviour and ultimate outcomes (which are the respective concerns of apparently competing deontological and teleological theories). Integrity and the cardinal virtues can be found within current professional standards or, it is argued in the case of courage, should be there. We come to appreciate and display the virtues as we are inducted into a professional community by teachers and mentors. Our view of ethics is incomplete, however, without acknowledgement of our own weaknesses and failures, and an understanding of the role of regulation. Such understanding should include insight into the way in which ideologies and institutions can pervert ethics for the benefit of vested interests. Finally, suggestions are made as to how the framework of the virtues can be included in the actuarial syllabuses.

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The self-control consequences of political ideology

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1503530112 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 112 (27) ◽

pp. 8250-8253 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Joshua J. Clarkson ◽

John R. Chambers ◽

Edward R. Hirt ◽

Ashley S. Otto ◽

Frank R. Kardes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Political Ideology ◽

The Self ◽

Self Control ◽

Task Persistence ◽

Critical Difference ◽

Attention Regulation ◽

Political Conservatism ◽

Insight Into ◽

And Task

Evidence from three studies reveals a critical difference in self-control as a function of political ideology. Specifically, greater endorsement of political conservatism (versus liberalism) was associated with greater attention regulation and task persistence. Moreover, this relationship is shown to stem from varying beliefs in freewill; specifically, the association between political ideology and self-control is mediated by differences in the extent to which belief in freewill is endorsed, is independent of task performance or motivation, and is reversed when freewill is perceived to impede (rather than enhance) self-control. Collectively, these findings offer insight into the self-control consequences of political ideology by detailing conditions under which conservatives and liberals are better suited to engage in self-control and outlining the role of freewill beliefs in determining these conditions.

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INCREASE IN THE ACTIVE ROLE OF NOTARIES IN INHERITANCE PROCEEDINGS: ISSUES, SOLUTIONS, PROSPECTS

Law of succession ◽

10.18572/2072-4179-2020-3-8-13 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 8-13

Author(s):

Viktor N. Domanov ◽

◽

Vladislav V. Domanov ◽

Keyword(s):

Public Relations ◽

Market Economy ◽

Significant Contribution ◽

Professional Community ◽

Active Role ◽

Legal Framework ◽

Professional Standards

The article is devoted to the study of the activities of notaries in inheritance cases. The institution of inheritance in Russia, which has historically played an important role in the functioning of public relations, is based on the legal framework formed relatively recently in the transition to a market economy. The main link of modern notaries is private notaries, whose community also makes a significant contribution to improving the legal framework. However, in the field of inheritance proceedings, the activity of notaries is not active enough, which does not meet the interests of citizens and society as a whole. When establishing the fact of opening an inheritance, determining the place of opening an inheritance, establishing the degree of kinship with the testator, according to the authors, the notary should be guided primarily by information from electronic databases of state bodies, use the information obtained in the interests of all existing heirs, which will increase the convenience of using the notary system as a whole, will help reduce the number of falsifications and legal disputes. To do this, the professional community of notaries is invited to expand the list of electronic databases used in the work and develop professional standards in which the notary independently receives information about heirs contained in the databases, as well as the use of this information by the notary in the interests of all heirs (for example, informing the heirs about the opened inheritance) will become mandatory.

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The Global Trade and Public Health Nexus: The Role of WHO

NEW SOLUTIONS A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy ◽

10.2190/1vbd-enpg-r91q-gfe1 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 61-65

Author(s):

Kelley Lee

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

International Health ◽

Professional Community ◽

World Health ◽

Health Issues ◽

Trade Relations ◽

Vested Interests ◽

Catch Up ◽

Health Organization

The globalization of the world economy and changing trade relations have major public health implications. The trading community's foremost concern has been to minimize the perceived interference by health issues with freer trade. The exploration of how trade liberalization is affecting determinants of health is well underway and has attracted worldwide attention. Importantly, the professional community has engaged trade-related organizations to ensure proper representation of public health interests. The UN's World Health Organization (WHO) is mandated “to act as the directing and coordinating authority on international health work.” This responsibility obligates it to address major trends that impinge on human health. The article suggests areas of study to strengthen the WHO's role and urges that it reevaluate its traditional focus on working with the health ministries of its member states. In many ways, public health is still playing “catch up” with powerful vested interests. New tools and strategies are needed.

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Mindfulness training for addictions: has neuroscience revealed a brain hack by which awareness subverts the addictive process?

10.31231/osf.io/y46s9 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Judson Brewer

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Control ◽

Learning System ◽

Self Control ◽

Addictive Behaviors ◽

Internet Gaming ◽

Reward Value ◽

Will Power ◽

Fresh Insight ◽

Insight Into

Addiction is an age-old problem with desire pitted against self-control and will-power. In modern day substances (including food) and experiences (e.g. social media, internet gaming) are being increasingly engineered to get individuals “hooked.” Current cognitive control and reason-based paradigms may be losing a battle with urges, cravings and triggers that are more ubiquitous than ever (e.g. our smartphones). Yet, these methodologies may be overlooking basic reward-based learning paradigms (operant conditioning) that not only perpetuate addictive behaviors, but may also be the key to their undoing. Understanding core brain systems, including the role of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in reward value comparison as part of this learning system may give fresh insight into not only the automaticity and perpetuation of addictions but also how they can be overcome (potentially without relying on cognitive control). Importantly, awareness and mindfulness in particular may be paramount to unlocking the power of reward-based learning to change addictive habit patterns.

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Line-item budgeting and film-production

Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management ◽

10.1108/qram-01-2015-0016 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 321-345 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ivar Friis ◽

Allan Hansen

Keyword(s):

Creative Process ◽

Management Control ◽

Point Of View ◽

Self Control ◽

Film Production ◽

Content Type ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Control Research ◽

Insight Into

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the role of line-item budgeting in film production in an effort to illustrate the positive effects that budgetary constraints can have on creativity. Design/methodology/approach – Using Elster’s (2000) constraint theory as a basis for the research, this paper conducted a case study on the making of a Danish adventure film and analysed the role budgeting plays from the film director’s point of view. Findings – This paper suggests that the constraints of the line-item budget imposed on the director had positive effects in terms of the pre-commitments entailed, which aided in protecting the director against the negative aspects of passion (e.g. distorted thought processes, myopia and weakness of will) in the creative process and in terms of the ability of the constraints to channel creativity in certain directions, thus preventing the availability of too many options from hampering the creative process. Originality/value – The paper contributes to management control research in two ways. By addressing calls to provide more insight into the positive effects management control constraints might have on creativity, this study explores somewhat ignored aspects of line-item budgeting, adding greater insight into the interrelations between creativity and control. By exploring the ways in which line-item budgeting might take on the role of pre-commitment advice and devices in the creative process, this paper further exposes the links between accounting constraints and self-control.

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