scholarly journals Meta-analysis of the effect of immunocastration on production performance, reproductive organs and boar taint compounds in pigs

animal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1330-1338 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Batorek ◽  
M. Čandek-Potokar ◽  
M. Bonneau ◽  
J. Van Milgen
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Boar Taint

Effects of the endocrine disruptor vinclozolin in male reproduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis†

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Feijó ◽  
Roberta V L Martins ◽  
Sílvia Socorro ◽  
Luísa Pereira ◽  
Sara Correia
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Male Reproduction ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Trim And Fill ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Q Statistic

Abstract Endocrine-disrupting chemicals have become an issue of scientific and public discussion. Vinclozolin (VNZ) is a fungicide that competitively antagonizes the binding of natural androgens to their receptor, disturbing the function of tissues that are sensitive to these hormones, as is the case of the male reproductive organs. A systematic review with meta-analyses of rodent studies was conducted to answer the following question: Does exposure to VNZ affect sperm parameters and testicular/epididymal weight? The methodology was prespecified according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews and PRISMA recommendations. Sixteen articles met the inclusion criteria, comprising a total of 1189 animals. The risk of publication bias was assessed using the Trim and Fill adjustment, funnel plot, and Egger regression test. Heterogeneity and inconsistency across the findings were tested using the Q-statistic and I2 of Higgins, respectively. Sensitivity was also analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed on Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (Version 2.0), using random models and weighted mean differences along with a 95% confidence interval. Sperm motility, counts, daily sperm production (evidence of publication bias), and epididymis weight were decreased in VNZ-treated animals. Exposure length and dose, as well as the time point of exposure, influenced the obtained results. Despite the moderate/high heterogeneity observed, the sensitivity analysis overall demonstrated the robustness of the findings. The quality scores of the included studies were superior to 4 in a total of 9, then classified as good. The obtained data corroborate the capability of VNZ exposure to disrupt spermatogenic output and compromise male fertility.

scholarly journals Effect of immunocastration in group-housed commercial fattening pigs on reproductive organs, malodorous compounds, carcass and meat quality

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 290-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Škrlep ◽  
N. Batorek ◽  
M. Bonneau ◽  
M. Prevolnik ◽  
V. Kubale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Boar Taint ◽  
Drip Loss ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Meat Content ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Fattening Pigs

In the present study, the effect of immunocastration on carcass traits, meat quality, reproductive organs development, and boar taint compounds was investigated. Male piglets (50% Duroc crosses) were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: entire males (EM; n = 19), surgical castrates (SC; n = 20) and immunocastrates (IC, vaccinated with Improvac<sup>&reg;</sup> at the age of 79 and 142 days; n = 21). Pigs were fed ad libitum and weighed at the time of first and second vaccination and before slaughter (176 days of age). No differences between treatment groups were detected for carcass weight. In the case of backfat thickness, carcass lean meat content, and belly leanness score, IC were intermediate between EM (the leanest) and SC (the fattest), differing (P &lt; 0.05) from both control groups. Regarding loin eye fat area, neck intermuscular fatness, ham leanness, and leaf fat weight, IC were similar to EM and were less fat than SC (P &lt; 0.01). IC had lower intramuscular fat than SC (P &lt; 0.01) and higher average pH 24 than both EM and SC (P &lt; 0.01), resulting in darker colour. IC also demonstrated lower drip loss than EM (P &lt; 0.05). Immunocastration caused a significant reduction of reproductive organs and concentrations of boar taint compounds (P &lt; 0.01) which were comparable with the levels observed for SC. &nbsp;

A review of feeding supplementary nitrate to ruminant animals: nitrate toxicity, methane emissions, and production performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanhee Lee ◽  
Karen A. Beauchemin
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
Enteric Methane Emissions

Lee, C. and Beauchemin, K. A. 2014. A review of feeding supplementary nitrate to ruminant animals: Nitrate toxicity, methane emissions, and production performance. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 557–570. The purpose of this review is to discuss the risks and benefits of using supplementary nitrate to reduce enteric methane emissions in ruminants based on the results of a meta-analysis. The meta-analysis confirmed possible nitrate poisoning triggered by higher blood methemoglobin levels with increasing nitrate consumption of ruminants: methemoglobin (%)=41.3×nitrate [g kg−1 body weight (BW) d−1]+1.2; R 2=0.76, P<0.001. However, acclimatizing animals to nitrate reduced the toxicity of nitrate: methemoglobin (%)=4.2×nitrate (g kg−1 BW d−1)+0.4, R 2=0.76, P=0.002. Animals fed nitrate reduced enteric methane emissions in a dose-response manner: methane [g kg−1 dry matter intake (DMI)]=−8.3×nitrate (g kg−1 BW d−1)+15.2, R 2=0.80, P<0.001. The reduction of enteric methane emissions due to supplementary nitrate was effective and consistent in both in vitro and in vivo studies and also persistent in several long-term studies. Dry matter intake and live weight gain (LWG) of cattle were not affected by nitrate: DMI change, R 2=0.007, P=0.65; LWG change, R 2=0.03, P=0.31. It is anticipated that supplementary nitrate as a substitute for urea may change urinary nitrogen composition in a manner that increases ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions from manure. Furthermore, supplementary nitrate may have various physiological roles in nitric oxide metabolism in ruminants. In conclusion, supplementary nitrate is a viable means of mitigating enteric methane emissions due to its consistent and persistent efficacy. Risk of toxicity can be lowered by gradual acclimation of animals to nitrate. However, lowered methane production may not re-direct additional metabolizable energy towards animal production.

Steroid hormones, boar taint compounds, and reproductive organs in pigs according to the delay between immunocastration and slaughter

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Kubale ◽  
N. Batorek ◽  
M. Škrlep ◽  
A. Prunier ◽  
M. Bonneau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Boar Taint

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL MODELS OF TRANSGENERATIONAL EFFECTS OF THE INFLUENCE OF ESTROGENS ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS IN POSTNATAL ONTOGENESIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
R. T. Sulaymanova
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Prenatal Development ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Postnatal Ontogenesis ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Annual Cycles ◽  
Estrogenic Effects

In the modern clinical practice there is an increase in the use of hormones, their analogues and substances with hormone-like action in medical practice for the regulation of the menstrual cycle, conception, prevention, maintenance and resolution of pregnancy. According to official reports, in recent years, the number of annual cycles of assisted reproductive technology with hormonal support has increased six times in the country. The purpose of the review is to summarize current data on the effects of experimental and clinical effects of various doses of estrogens and drugs with estrogenic effects during the period of prenatal development on the morphology of the reproductive organs of the offspring in postnatal ontogenesis. The materials for the meta-analysis of the data were the results of relevant studies of domestic and foreign authors and their own published data. The article summarizes current data demonstrating the effects of experimental effects of various doses of estrogen and drugs with an estrogenic effect during the period of prenatal development on the morphology of the reproductive organs of the offspring in postnatal ontogenesis. The data on therapeutic, subtoxic and toxic doses of the effects of estrogen preparations in various experimental models are summarized, causing latent and morphologically manifested changes in the reproductive organs of the offspring.

scholarly journals Exposure to Dibutyl Phthalate and Reproductive-Related Outcomes in Animal Models: Evidence From Rodents Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiawei Wang ◽  
Xi Zhang ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Yingqing Liu ◽  
Lingsong Tao
Keyword(s):  
Dibutyl Phthalate ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Testis Weight ◽  
Random Effects Models

Background: Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) was an endocrine disruptor, which may lead to cancer and affects reproductive function when accumulated in the body. But the precise role of DBP in the reproductive system remained controversial.Objective: We employed the meta-analysis to explore the relationship between DBP and reproductive-related outcomes.Methods: We searched relevant literature in PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases. The standardized mean differences (SMDs) and their 95% CIs were measured by random-effects models. Funnel plots and Egger’s regression test were applied to assess publication bias.Results: Finally, 19 literatures were included in this research. The outcomes revealed that DBP was negatively correlated with reproductive organs weight (testis weight: SMD: −0.59; 95% Cl: −1.23, −0.23; seminal vesicles weight: SMD: −0.74; 95% Cl: −1.21, −0.27; prostate weight: SMD: −0.46; 95% Cl: −0.76, −0.16) and sperm parameters (sperm morphology: SMD: 1.29; 95% Cl: 0.63, 1.94; sperm count: SMD: −1.81; 95% Cl: −2.39, −1.23; sperm motility: SMD: −1.92; 95% Cl: −2.62, −1.23).Conclusion: Our research demonstrated that DBP may be negatively associated with reproductive-related indicators, especially at Gestation exposure period and middle dose (100–500 mg/kg/day).

scholarly journals The Utilisation of Tannin Extract as a Dietary Additive in Ruminant Nutrition: A Meta-Analysis

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3317
Author(s):  
Yulianri Rizki Yanza ◽  
Ainissya Fitri ◽  
Bambang Suwignyo ◽  
Elfahmi ◽  
Nanik Hidayatik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Tannin Extract ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The objective of this meta-analysis was to elucidate whether there are general underlying effects of dietary tannin extract supplementation on rumen fermentation, digestibility, methane production, performance, as well as N utilisation in ruminants. A total of 70 papers comprised of 348 dietary treatments (from both in vivo and in situ studies) were included in the study. The database was then statistically analysed by the mixed model methodology, in which different experiments were considered as random effects and tannin-related factors were treated as fixed effects. The results revealed that an increased level of tannin extract inclusion in the diet lowered ruminant intake, digestibility, and production performance. Furthermore, the evidence also showed that an increased level of tannin extract decreased animal N utilisation where most of rumen by-pass protein was not absorbed well in the small intestine and directly excreted in the faeces. Due to the type of tannin extract, HT is more favourable to maintain nutrient intake, digestibility, and production performance and to mitigate methane production instead of CT, particularly when supplemented at low (<1%) to moderate (~3%) levels.

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