scholarly journals Development of an equation to predict net protein requirements for the growth of Zebu beef cattle

animal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 963-972
Author(s):  
L.F. Costa e Silva ◽  
S.deCamposValadares Filho ◽  
P. Del Bianco Benedeti ◽  
E. Detmann ◽  
A.C.Baião Menezes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Net Protein

Development of equation to predict the net protein requirements for growth of Zebu beef cattle

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.A.S. Silva ◽  
P. Del Bianco Benedeti ◽  
B.C. Silva ◽  
M.V.C. Pacheco ◽  
L.A. Godoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Net Protein

The effect of metabolisable protein supply at constant energy intake on the liveweight gain of bovines

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 154-154
Author(s):  
P N Johnson ◽  
E R Deaville
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Constant Energy ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Protein Supply ◽  
Degradable Protein

The metabolisable protein (MP) system (AFRC, 1992), adopted as the official method of describing the protein requirements of ruminants in the UK, introduces the concepts of effective rumen degradable protein (ERDP), digestible undegradable protein (DUP) and fermentable metabolisable energy (FME). For effective protein rationing, the aim is to match the supply of FME and ERDP, and to supply further protein requirements as DUP. This should lead to a better balance of energy and protein to meet the requirements of the animal. Diets are likely to have lower total protein contents than those presently available, leading to reductions in diet costs and nitrogen (N) excretion. The MP system was constructed primarily on a theoretical basis and this experiment was an initial step in validating it for beef cattle.

scholarly journals Net protein contribution of beef feedlots from 2006 to 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1575-1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica R Baber ◽  
Jason E Sawyer ◽  
Ben P Holland ◽  
Kendall J Karr ◽  
Alyssa B Word ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
High Quality Protein ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Net Protein ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Edible Protein

Abstract: Feedlot efficiency increases as technologies are adopted and new feed ingredients, especially byproducts, become available and incorporated into diets. Byproduct availability increased in response to the renewable fuels standard of 2005, creating substantial amounts of feedstuffs best used by ruminants. Cereal grains have been partially replaced with human-inedible byproducts, as they provide comparable levels of energy in cattle diets. To evaluate the effects of changes in diet and feedlot production practices on net protein contribution (NPC) and human-edible protein conversion efficiency (HePCE) across time, a deterministic NPC model was used. NPC was assessed for the feedlot industry using lot level production data from 2006 to 2017 for eight commercial feedlots. Ingredient and nutrient composition was collected for a representative starter and finisher diet fed for each year from each feedlot. NPC was calculated by multiplying human-edible protein (HeP) in beef produced per unit of HeP in feed by the protein quality ratio (PQR). Systems with NPC >1 positively contribute to meeting human protein requirements; NPC < 1 indicates competition with humans for HeP. NPC was regressed on year to evaluate temporal change in NPC. Feedlots were categorized as increasing NPC (INC; slope > 0) or constant NPC (CON; slope = 0) according to regression parameter estimates. Four feedlots were categorized as INC and four were CON. The rate of change in PQR was similar for CON and INC (P ≥ 0.79), although rates of change among INC and CON differed for byproduct and cereal grain inclusion (P ≤ 0.01) across years evaluated. Feedlots categorized as INC reduced HeP consumed by 2.39% per year, but CON feedlots did not reduce HeP consumed each year (0.28%). Cattle received and shipped by INC were lighter than those in CON feedlots (P < 0.01). Across years, INC produced more HeP (20.9 vs. 19.2 kg/hd) than CON (P < 0.01), and both feedlot types tended to improve HeP gained over time (0.1 kg per year; P = 0.10). Differences in slope over time for INC and CON were observed for conversion efficiency of HeP (P < 0.01). NPC increased 0.027 units per year for INC (P < 0.01) and was 0.94 in 2017. NPC by the feedlot sector improved from 2006 to 2017, decreasing the amount of human-edible feeds required to produce more high-quality protein from beef.

Impact of microbial efficiency to predict MP supply when estimating protein requirements of growing beef cattle from performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. 3184
Author(s):  
A. K. Watson ◽  
T. J. Klopfenstein ◽  
G. E. Erickson ◽  
J. C. MacDonald ◽  
V. A. Wilkerson
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Microbial Efficiency

Impact of microbial efficiency to predict MP supply when estimating protein requirements of growing beef cattle from performance1

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. 3184-3191
Author(s):  
A. K. Watson ◽  
T. J. Klopfenstein ◽  
G. E. Erickson ◽  
J. C. MacDonald ◽  
V. A. Wilkerson
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Microbial Efficiency

scholarly journals Estimation of the net energy and protein requirements for maintenance of male arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) during the growth period12

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (11) ◽  
pp. 4579-4587
Author(s):  
W Zhong ◽  
L L Mu ◽  
F F Han ◽  
G L Luo ◽  
X Y Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Maintenance Requirement ◽  
Arctic Foxes ◽  
Energy Maintenance ◽  
Net Protein

Abstract The maintenance requirements of net energy and net protein were assumed to represent the most accurate and important values totally for the animal’s utilization. The objective of this experiment was to determine the net energy and net protein requirements for maintenance of growing arctic foxes. The experiments was evaluated using regression models estimated from data collected by means of indirect calorimetry, nitrogen balance trials, and digestion and metabolism experiments. Thirty-six growing arctic foxes (3 487 ± 261.7 g) at the age of 85 days were randomly assigned to four groups with 9 animals in each group. Arctic foxes were fed a complete formula diet at four intake levels (100%, or 80%, 60%, and 40% of feed requirements) from 24 July 2017 to 23 September 2017. Arctic foxes in each treatment were kept individually in respiration chambers after 1-d adaptation at day 2 for a 3-d balance trial and then at day 5 followed by a 3-d fasting period. The metabolizable energy intake (MEI), heat production in the fed state (HP), and retained energy (RE) of arctic foxes significantly decreased (P < 0.01) as the feed intake level decreased. Fasting heat production (FHP) of arctic foxes was not influenced by feed intake level (P > 0.05). The metabolizable energy maintenance requirement (MEm) and net energy maintenance requirement (NEm) estimated from the linear relationship between RE and MEI were 230 and 217 kJ/kg of body weight BW0.75/d, respectively. The MEm and NEm estimated by logarithmic regression of HP on MEI were 225 and 209 kJ/kg BW0.75/d, respectively. The net N maintenance requirement (NNm) and net protein maintenance requirement (NPm) estimated from the linear relationship between retained nitrogen (RN) and daily nitrogen intake (NI) were 179.6 mg/kg BW0.75/d and 1.123 g/kg BW0.75/d, respectively. It is concluded that NEm and NPm values obtained fill the net energy and protein requirements shortage, and provide the basic data for establishing the standard of nutrition demand of breeding arctic foxes in China.

Influence of Salinity on Protein Requirements of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) Fingerlings

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1867-1873 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. H. Zeitoun ◽  
J. E. Halver ◽  
D. E. Ullrey ◽  
P. I. Tack
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Major Consequence ◽  
Percentage Weight ◽  
Net Protein ◽  
Representative Samples

Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) juveniles maintained at 10 and 20 ppt salinity were fed seven diet treatments from 30 to 60% protein in 5% increments for 10 weeks. The fish were stocked in cones, initially 50 fish per cone. Biweekly weights of diets and fish were determined and mortality was recorded daily. Percentage weight gain, gross diet efficiency, and protein efficiency ratio (P.E.R.) were computed. The minimum protein levels required for fish to achieve highest performance using these criteria were 40 and 45% for those maintained at 10 and 20 ppt, respectively. Mortality was significantly (P < 0.05) higher for fish maintained at the higher salinity. Analyses of the fish carcasses were conducted at the beginning and end of the experiment on representative samples to estimate the grams protein retained and apparent net protein utilization (N.P.U.) to verify the above findings. All the available data showed that dietary protein was of major consequence on all measurements until the minimum required level of protein in the diet was reached, while salinity was of minor consequence. P.E.R. and apparent N.P.U. were 2.10 and 34.4, respectively, for casein diets at the 40% protein level.

The Effects of Ewe Diet on Progesterone Concentration and Colostrum Production

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 89-89
Author(s):  
J.V. O’ Doherty ◽  
C.T. Whittle ◽  
D. O’ Callaghan ◽  
P. J. Quinn ◽  
T.F. Crosby
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Milk Secretion ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Net Protein

In well fed ewes with one or two lambs, large volumes of colostrum accumulate in the mammary glands during the last few days of pregnancy and copious milk secretion begins soon after birth. In underfed ewes, prenatal colostrum accumulation is reduced markedly, lactogenesis is delayed. (Mellor and Murray, 1985). Robinson (1985) has shown that there is a sharp increase in the ewe's net protein requirements for udder growth and colostrum production in the last two weeks pre-partum. McPherson, Robinson and Fraser (1981) found that the detrimental effects of a maternal energy deficit on the ewes colostrum supply at parturition can be ameliorated by increasing her supply of amino acids through the provision of a dietary supplement of rumen UDP. The peri-parturient transitions from udder growth to colostrum accumulation and then milk secretion depend largely on withdrawal of progesterone and surges in prolactin, Cortisol and oestrogen, with the progesterone inhibiting and Cortisol potentiating the lactogenic actions of prolactin (Delouis, 1978). The slower progesterone withdrawal in the underfed ewes was associated with a delay in lactogenesis. Thus the objective of this experiment was to study the effects of feeding different diets on ewe colostrum production and quality, and on progesterone concentration pre and post lambing.

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