The interaction between protein content and inulin inclusion on the health and performance of weaned pigs exposed to an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli challenge

Decreasing dietary crude protein (CP) supply has been shown to decrease the occurrence of post weaning colibacillosis (PWC) in pigs by reducing substrate availability to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) (Prohászka and Baron, 1980). However, associated with the decreased risk of PWC is a detrimental effect on performance (Wellock et al., 2006). Non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), such as those derived from inulin, are a main energy source for microbial fermentation. Increasing inulin inclusion in weaner diets may therefore decrease bacterial need to ferment protein as an energy source and counteract the negative effects of protein fermentation, such as the production of harmful fermentation end products. Consequently, this may allow greater levels of protein to be included in the diet without compromising health. This in turn should allow greater levels of performance to be achieved. The aim was to investigate interactive effects of dietary CP supply and inulin inclusion on the health and performance of newly weaned pigs when artificially challenged with ETEC.

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Low crude protein diets modulate intestinal responses in weaned pigs challenged with Escherichia coli K88

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas-2014-071 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 95 (1) ◽

pp. 71-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

F. O. Opapeju ◽

J. C. Rodriguez-Lecompte ◽

M. Rademacher ◽

D. O. Krause ◽

C. M. Nyachoti

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Glucose Transporter ◽

National Research Council ◽

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Weaned Pigs ◽

Glucose Transporter 1 ◽

Dietary Crude Protein ◽

Acid Ratio ◽

Protein Diets

Opapeju, F. O., Rodriguez-Lecompte, J. C., Rademacher, M., Krause, D. O. and Nyachoti, C. M. 2015. Low crude protein diets modulate intestinal responses in weaned pigs challenged with Escherichia coli K88. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 71–78. Effects of dietary crude protein (CP) content on intestinal indicators of infection and diarrhea in pigs challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88 were investigated. Forty piglets [body weight (BW)=6.96±0.45, mean±SD], housed four per pen, were randomly allotted to two diets (five pens per diet): a 22.2% CP or a 17.3% CP supplemented with amino acids. Diets contained the same amount of standardized ileal digestible Lys, Met+Cys, Thr, Trp based on the ideal amino acid ratio. Isoleucine and Val were added to the 17.3% CP diet up to the level in the 22.2% CP diet. All other nutrients were as per National Research Council (1998) specification. Three piglets per pen were serially slaughtered on days 3, 5, and 7 after weaning for evaluation of intestinal hydrolases (data reported elsewhere). On day 8 post-weaning, the remaining pigs were inoculated with 6 mL of ETEC suspension (1010 CFU mL−1) and slaughtered 20 h later. Mucosal-associated ETEC was detected in higher counts (3.17±0.63 log10 CFU g−1 digesta) in 80% of pigs fed the 22.2% CP diet compared with 20% of those fed the 17.3% CP diet in which the counts were also lower (2.00±log10 CFU g−1 digesta). Pigs fed the 22.2% CP diet tended (P=0.09) to have fewer goblet cells with sialomucins in jejunal villi compared with those fed the 17.3% CP diet. The expression of toll-like receptors 4 and 5 was unaffected by diet but the expression of sodium-coupled glucose transporter 1 was higher (P=0.04) in the jejunum of pigs fed the 22.2% CP diet compared with those fed the 17.3% CP diet. The results suggest that feeding a low-CP diet decreases ETEC proliferation and attachment in the intestinal mucosa and this is accompanied by a reduced expression of sodium-coupled glucose transporter 1.

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The consequences of non-starch polysaccharide solubility and inclusion level on the health and performance of weaned pigs challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114507819167 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 99 (3) ◽

pp. 520-530 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

I. J. Wellock ◽

P. D. Fortomaris ◽

J. G. M. Houdijk ◽

J. Wiseman ◽

I. Kyriazakis

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Gut Health ◽

Weaned Pigs ◽

Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration ◽

Inclusion Level ◽

Pig Performance ◽

Digesta Viscosity ◽

And Performance ◽

Pig Health

The inclusion of insoluble NSP (iNSP) in weaner pig diets has been reported to decrease post-weaning colibacillosis (PWC). Conversely, soluble NSP (sNSP) have been shown to exacerbate PWC. The present study investigated the effect of NSP solubility and inclusion level on the health and performance of newly weaned pigs challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), using NSP sources known not to affect digesta viscosity, in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial combination of NSP solubility (iNSP v. sNSP), inclusion level (low (L; 50 g/kg) v. high (H; 150 g/kg)) and ETEC challenge (infected v. sham). Infection had no effect on pig health, but reduced performance to a larger extent in pigs on the L diets compared with those on the H diets. The inclusion of sNSP significantly decreased the occurrence of diarrhoea (P < 0·001) and improved gut health, as indicated by a lower caecal digesta pH (P = 0·008) and increased (P = 0·002) Lactobacillus:coliform ratio, when compared with the iNSP diet on day 14 post-weaning. There was no effect of NSP solubility on ETEC shedding, digesta viscosity or pig performance. Pigs on the H diets had fewer cases of diarrhoea and shed fewer ETEC than those on the L diets. Increasing NSP inclusion significantly increased colonic Lactobacillus:coliform ratio, volatile fatty acid concentration and caecal digesta viscosity, but decreased performance. These results suggest that sNSP per se are not detrimental to pig health and that increasing the concentration of NSP in weaner diets that do not increase digesta viscosity may have a beneficial effect on gut health and protect against PWC.

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Amelioration of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-induced disruption of intestinal epithelium by manno-oligosaccharide in weaned pigs

Journal of Functional Foods ◽

10.1016/j.jff.2021.104492 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 82 ◽

pp. 104492

Author(s):

En Yu ◽

Daiwen Chen ◽

Bing Yu ◽

Yuheng Luo ◽

Ping Zheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Intestinal Epithelium ◽

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Weaned Pigs

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478 Dietary Butyrate and Valerate Glycerides: Effects on Growth and Systemic Immunity of Weanling Piglets Coinfected with F4 and F18 Escherichia coli

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.384 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 211-212

Author(s):

Lauren L Kovanda ◽

Jungjae Park ◽

Yijie He ◽

Sangwoo Park ◽

Ruochen Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Block Design ◽

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Post Inoculation ◽

Weaned Pigs ◽

Fecal Shedding ◽

Systemic Immunity ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Potential Benefits ◽

Weanling Piglets

Abstract Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F4 and F18 are the two most dominant pathogenic strains in weaned pigs. The objective of this experiment was to test the effects of dietary monobutyrin and monovalerin on performance and systemic immunity of weanling piglets coinfected with F4/F18 ETEC. Twenty weaned pigs (8.21 ± 1.23 kg) were individually housed and were randomly allotted to one of three diets: control (n = 6), 0.1% monobutyrin (n = 7), or 0.1% monovalerin (n = 7). The experiment was conducted 14 days, including 7 days’ adaption and 7 days post-inoculation (PI). On d 0, d 1, and d 2 PI, pigs were inoculated with 0.5 × 109 CFU/1.5 mL each of F4 and F18 ETEC for three consecutive days. Diarrhea score was recorded daily to determine frequency of diarrhea. Piglets and feeders were weighed throughout the trial to analyze growth performance. Fecal cultures from pigs on d 0, 2, and 4 PI were inspected to identify the absence or presence of hemolytic coliforms. Blood was collected on d 0, 4, and 7 PI for complete blood cells count. All data were analyzed by the Proc Mixed of SAS with randomized complete block design. Pigs supplemented with monovalerin and monobutyrin had numerically higher ADG (249 and 282 g/day) from d 0 to d 7 PI than pigs in control (198 g/day). Supplementation of monovalerin reduced (P < 0.05) frequency of diarrhea throughout the experiment. Pigs fed monovalerin had lower (P < 0.05) neutrophil counts on d 4 PI compared with control. Hemolytic coliforms were observed in all fecal cultures from d 2 and d 4 PI, confirming fecal shedding of ETEC. Results of this study indicate the potential benefits of monovalerin supplementation on performance and disease resistance of weaned pigs coinfected with F4 and F8 ETEC.

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Fructooligosaccharides improve growth performance and intestinal epithelium function in weaned pigs exposed to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/d0fo01998d ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 9599-9612

Author(s):

Lei Liu ◽

Daiwen Chen ◽

Bing Yu ◽

Heng Yin ◽

Zhiqing Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Intestinal Epithelium ◽

Intestinal Injury ◽

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Weaned Pigs ◽

Protective Potential

This study was conducted to explore the protective potential of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)-induced inflammation and intestinal injury in weaned pigs.

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