In situ dry matter and crude protein degradation kinetics of sunflower meal

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 169-169
Author(s):  
Tahereh Mohammadabadi ◽  
Mohsen Danesh Mesgaran ◽  
Morteza Chaji
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
Livestock Feeding ◽  
Supplemental Protein ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Different Sources

The use of by-product in animal nutrition is necessary since it may increase the availability of feed for animal and avoid accumulation that contributes to environmental problems. Sunflower meal is a source of supplemental protein for livestock feeding. The amount of hull or fibre in sunflower meal is the major source of variation in nutrient content of this feed. Methionin concentration in sunflower meal is high compared with other protein sources such as cottonseed meal. Sunflower meal without hulls has high degradability than sunflower meal with hull. This study was conducted to evaluate the chemical composition and in situ dry matter (DM)and crude protein (CP) degradability of three different sources of sunflower meal (high, medium and low fat).

scholarly journals SYNCHRONIZATION OF CARBOHYDRATE AND PROTEIN SUPPLY IN THE SUGARCANE BAGASSE BASED RATION ON IN SITU NUTRIENT DEGRADABILITY

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. F. Sani ◽  
L. K. Nuswantara ◽  
E. Pangestu ◽  
F. Wahyono ◽  
J. Achmadi
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Synchronization Index ◽  
In Situ Degradation ◽  
Protein Supply ◽  
Kinetics Of

Two adult male sheeps fitted with rumen cannula were used in two experiments to study the effects of synchronization of carbohydrate and nitrogen supply in sugarcane bagasse based total mixed ration (TMR) on in situ nutrient degradation. The first experiment was aimed to create three TMR with different synchronization index. Ingredient feedstuffs of TMR were evaluated for its in situ organic matter (OM) and nitrogen (N) degradation kinetics. On the basis of the OM and N degradation kinetics of feedstuffs, three sugarcane bagasse based TMR were formulated with synchronization indexes of 0.37; 0.50; and 0.63; respectively. The TMR had similar levels of crude protein (CP), total digestible nutrients, and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). In the second experiment, the three TMR with different synchronization index were evaluated for in situ degradability characteristics of OM, CP, NDF, and sulfur. The in situ degradation of OM in TMR were decreased (P<0.05) with the increasing of synchronization index. The higher synchronization index in TMR increased (P<0.05) CP degradation of CP. The NDF degradation decreased slightly by the alteration of synchronization index in TMR. The higher synchronization index in TMR reduced (P<0.05) in situ sulfur degradation, and this may not support to effects of synchronization of carbohydrate and nitrogen supply.  

scholarly journals In situ degradability of dry matter and fibrous fraction of sorghum silage

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renê Ferreira Costa ◽  
Daniel Ananias de Assis Pires ◽  
Marielly Maria Almeida Moura ◽  
José Avelino Santos Rodrigues ◽  
Vicente Ribeiro Rocha Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Sorghum Silage ◽  
Kinetics Of

This study aimed to evaluate in situ degradability and degradation kinetics of DM, NDF and ADF of silage, with or without tannin in the grains. Two isogenic lines of grain sorghum (CMS-XS 114 with tannin and CMS-XS 165 without tannin) and two sorghum hybrids (BR-700 dual purpose with tannin and BR-601 forage without tannin) were ensiled; dried and ground silage samples were placed in nylon bags and introduced through the fistulas. After incubation for 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours, bags were taken for subsequent analysis of fibrous fractions. The experimental design was completely randomized with 4 replicates and 4 treatments and means compared by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. As for the DM degradation rate, silage of CMSXS165without tannin was superior. Silages of genotypes BR700 and CMSXS 114 with tannin showed the highest values of indigestible ADF (59.54 and 43.09%). Regarding the NDF, the potential degradation of silage of CMSXS165 line without tannin was superior. Tannin can reduce ruminal degradability of the dry matter and fibrous fractions. 

scholarly journals Interactive Curve-Linear Relationship Between Alteration of Carbohydrate Macromolecular Structure Traits in Hulless Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Grain and Nutrient Utilization, Biodegradation and Bioavailability

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoli Sun ◽  
Luciana L. Prates ◽  
Peiqiang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Macromolecular Structure ◽  
Hulless Barley ◽  
Quadratic Effect ◽  
Nutrient Profiles ◽  
Kinetics Of

The aim of this study was to reveal an interactive curve-linear relationship between altered carbohydrate macromolecular structure traits of hulless barley cultivars and nutrient utilization, biodegradation, as well as bioavailability. The cultivars had different carbohydrate macromolecular traits, including amylose (A), amylopectin (AP), and β-glucan contents, as well as their ratios (A:AP). The parameters assessed included: (1) chemical and nutrient profiles; (2) protein and carbohydrate sub-fractions partitioned by the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS); (3) total digestible nutrients (TDN) and energy values; and (4) in situ rumen degradation kinetics of nutrients and truly absorbed nutrient supply. The hulless barley samples were analyzed for starch (ST), crude protein (CP), total soluble crude protein (SCP), etc. The in situ incubation technique was performed to evaluate the degradation kinetics of the nutrients, as well as the effective degradability (ED) and bypass nutrient (B). Results showed that the carbohydrates (g/kg DM) had a cubic relationship (p < 0.05), with the A:AP ratio and β-glucan level; while the starch level presented a quadratic relationship (p < 0.05), with the A:AP ratio and cubic relationship (p < 0.05), with β-glucan level. The CP and SCP contents had a cubic relationship (p < 0.05) with the A:AP ratio and β-glucan level. The altered carbohydrate macromolecular traits were observed to have strongly curve-linear correlations with protein and carbohydrate fractions partitioned by CNCPS. For the in situ protein degradation kinetics, there was a quadratic effect of A:AP ratio on the rumen undegraded protein (RUP, g/kg DM) and a linear effect of β-glucan on the bypass protein (BCP, g/kg DM). The A:AP ratio and β-glucan levels had quadratic effects (p < 0.05) on BCP and EDCP. For ST degradation kinetics, the ST degradation rate (Kd), BST and EDST showed cubic effects (p < 0.05) with A:AP ratio. The β-glucan level showed a cubic effect on EDST (g/kg DM) and a quadratic effect on BST (g/kg ST or g/kg DM) and EDST (g/kg DM). In conclusion, alteration of carbohydrate macromolecular traits in hulless barley significantly impacted nutrient utilization, metabolic characteristics, biodegradation, and bioavailability. Altered carbohydrate macromolecular traits curve-linearly affected the nutrient profiles, protein and carbohydrate fractions, total digestible nutrient, energy values, and in situ degradation kinetics.

Crude protein content and ruminal degradation kinetics of eight pasture species

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 157-157
Author(s):  
P. Shawrang ◽  
A. Nikkhah ◽  
A. A. Sadeghi
Keyword(s):  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Degradation Kinetic ◽  
Ruminal Degradation ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Minimal Information

Ration formulation systems require information on nutrient requirements of the animal and reliable values for rumen degradable and undegradable fractions of feed ingredients. Ruminally degraded protein in excess of microbial requirement results in nitrogen loss as ammonia and inefficient nitrogen utilization by ruminants. Protein degradation kinetics of most oilseed meals and some forages have been determined (Sadeghi et al., 2004; Wilkerson et al., 1995), but minimal information exists regarding ruminal protein degradation of pasture forages. The objective of this research was to determine ruminal dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) degradation kinetic parameters of eight pasture species.

scholarly journals Sunflower meal and spring pea ruminal degradation protection using malic acid or orthophosphoric acid-heat treatments

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 2029 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Díaz-Royón ◽  
J. M. Arroyo ◽  
M. D. Sánchez-Yélamo ◽  
J. González
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Orthophosphoric Acid ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
Ruminal Degradation ◽  
Electrophoretic Techniques ◽  
Intestinal Digestibility

The effects of solutions of malic or orthophosphoric acids (0.752 Eqg/kg of feed) and heat to protect proteins of sunflower meal (SFM) and spring pea (SP) against ruminal degradation were studied using particle transit, 15N infusion, in situ and electrophoretic techniques. Three wethers fitted with rumen and duodenum cannulae were successively fed three isoproteic diets including SFM and SP, untreated or treated with malic or orthophosphoric acids. Incubations of tested meals were only performed while feeding the respective diet. Estimates of the ruminally undegraded fraction (RU) and its intestinal digestibility of dry matter, organic matter (only for RU), crude protein and starch (only in SP) were obtained considering ruminal microbial contamination and particle comminution and outflow rates. When corrected for microbial contamination, estimates of RU and intestinal digestibility decreased in all tested fractions for both feeds. All RU estimates increased with the protective treatments, whereas intestinal digestibility-dry matter also increased in SFM. Low intestinal digestibility-crude protein values suggested the presence of antitrypsin factors in SP. Protective treatments of both feeds led to consistent increases in the intestinal digested fraction of dry matter and crude protein, being only numerically different for SP-starch (60.5% as average). However, treatments also reduced the organic matter fermentation, which may decrease ruminal microbial protein synthesis. Electrophoretic studies showed albumin disappearance in both SFM and SP, whereas changes in other RU proteins were more pronounced in SP than SFM.

scholarly journals Evaluation of degradability and ruminal kinetics of soybean meal subjected to strategies to maximize protein escape from the rumen

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 2721-2732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikael Neumann ◽  
◽  
Eloize Jaqueline Askel ◽  
Leslei Caroline Santos ◽  
Edelmir Silvio Stadler Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Hydrolysable Tannin ◽  
Kinetics Parameters ◽  
Yucca Schidigera ◽  
Intermediate Value ◽  
Kinetics Of

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the in situ dry matter degradability and in situ crude protein degradability of soybean meal subjected to different treatments (thermal, chemical, tannins or saponins). The treatments were: conventional soybean (CON); soybean expeller (EXP); lignosulfonate-treated soybean meal (LIGS); condensed tannin-treated soybean meal (CTAN); hydrolysable tannin-treated soybean meal (HTAN) and Yucca schidigera extract-treated soybean meal (YUC). Samples of 5 g soybean meal were packed in nylon bags and incubated in the rumen of 2 fistulated cattle for seven incubation times (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 hours), in sequence were washed, dried and weighed. The ruminal kinetics parameters were calculated, and the experiment was completely randomized, with six treatments, four replicates each, with duplicates. The EXP and LIGS treatments showed lower crude protein disappearance (CPD) within 12 hours, the CON, HTAN and YUC treatments had the highest CPD, and the CTAN presented an intermediate value (41.84%) (P < 0.05). EXP had the lowest fraction “a” (soluble) of crude protein (CP) (10.1%) followed by LIGS and CTAN (average of 14.82%). EXP and LIGS had the highest rumen undegradable fraction of CP (57.35 and 51.62%), respectively. In addition, ruminal disappearance rates of dry matter and CP of the treatments ranged from 2.17 to 1.36% h-1 and from 2.63 to 1.2% h-1, respectively. The most efficient treatments to reduce ruminal protein degradation were EXP, LIGS and CTAN.

In situ rumen degradation of dry matter and crude protein in ewes and dairy cows

1999 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 801-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. J. Šebek ◽  
H. Evererts
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Reference Protein

AbstractComparative studies were performed on the in-situ rumen degradation rate (kd) and the in-situ rumen undegradable residue (U) of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) in sheep and dairy cows. The effect of different treatmentsfor sheep were investigated together with the validity of using cow-based reference protein values of foods for sheep. The effect of different breeds (Texel ewes and crossbred ewes), dietary roughage: concentrate ratio and shearing (mild cold exposure) were investigated for sheep.The in-situ rumen incubations were performed in accordance with standard operational procedures which were comparable for both species. The foods under consideration were hay and concentrates. Cows displayed lower (DM 0·53 , CP 0·86) Kds than sheep for concentrates.For hay a clear trend between cows and sheep was not observed but cows displayed 0·40 lower Kds than Texel ewes and 0·30 higher Kds than crossbred ewes. For concentrates U levels did not differ between species but for hay cows had 0·45 higher U values than Texel ewes. Texel ewes showed 0·45 higher Kd and 0·35 lower U for DM and CP than crossbred ewes. Dietary roughage: concentrate ratio in sheep diets did not influence the Kds and Us of the foods under consideration. Shearing of crossbred ewes increased Kd of CP by 0·25 and reduced U for DM and CP by 0·20 and 0.24 .In conclusion different in situ rumen degradation rates were found between dairy cows and sheep. This probably makes using reference protein values of foods invalid for sheep since they are based on data for cows. Differences (Kd andU) were also found between sheep breeds and between unshorn and shorn crossbred ewes (mild cold exposure). No effect on rumen degradation kinetics could be attributed to dietary roughage: concentrate ratio.

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