In situ rumen degradation of dry matter and crude protein in ewes and dairy cows

1999 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 801-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. J. Šebek ◽  
H. Evererts
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Reference Protein

AbstractComparative studies were performed on the in-situ rumen degradation rate (kd) and the in-situ rumen undegradable residue (U) of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) in sheep and dairy cows. The effect of different treatmentsfor sheep were investigated together with the validity of using cow-based reference protein values of foods for sheep. The effect of different breeds (Texel ewes and crossbred ewes), dietary roughage: concentrate ratio and shearing (mild cold exposure) were investigated for sheep.The in-situ rumen incubations were performed in accordance with standard operational procedures which were comparable for both species. The foods under consideration were hay and concentrates. Cows displayed lower (DM 0·53 , CP 0·86) Kds than sheep for concentrates.For hay a clear trend between cows and sheep was not observed but cows displayed 0·40 lower Kds than Texel ewes and 0·30 higher Kds than crossbred ewes. For concentrates U levels did not differ between species but for hay cows had 0·45 higher U values than Texel ewes. Texel ewes showed 0·45 higher Kd and 0·35 lower U for DM and CP than crossbred ewes. Dietary roughage: concentrate ratio in sheep diets did not influence the Kds and Us of the foods under consideration. Shearing of crossbred ewes increased Kd of CP by 0·25 and reduced U for DM and CP by 0·20 and 0.24 .In conclusion different in situ rumen degradation rates were found between dairy cows and sheep. This probably makes using reference protein values of foods invalid for sheep since they are based on data for cows. Differences (Kd andU) were also found between sheep breeds and between unshorn and shorn crossbred ewes (mild cold exposure). No effect on rumen degradation kinetics could be attributed to dietary roughage: concentrate ratio.

Effect of adding lignosulfonate and heat to canola screenings on ruminal and intestinal disappearance of dry matter and crude protein

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina A. G. von Keyserlingk ◽  
E. Weurding ◽  
Mary Lou Swift ◽  
C. F. Wright ◽  
J. A. Shelford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Lower Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Heat Treated

The effect of adding 5% calcium lignosulfonate (LSO3) and heat to canola screenings on in situ ruminal and intestinal dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) disappearance in Holstein cows was investigated. Treatments consisted of untreated canola screenings, canola screenings that had been heated to 100 °C for 30 or 60 min and canola screenings that had 5% (wt wt−1) LSO3 added and were subsequently heated at 100 °C for 0, 30 or 60 min. Results indicate that treatment of canola screenings with 5% LSO3 and heated to 100 °C for 60 min was effective in reducing rumen degradation of DM and CP with a corresponding increase in disappearance in the lower gastrointestinal tract when compared to untreated and heat-treated canola screenings. Key words: Canola screenings, rumen by-pass protein, heat treatment, lignosulfonate

Effect of particle size on in situ ruminal disappearances of pea (Pisumsativum) organic matter, proteins and starch in dairy cows

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Bayourthe ◽  
R. Moncoulon ◽  
F. Enjalbert
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Pea Flour ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size ◽  
Pea Seeds ◽  
In Sacco

Ruminal disappearance characteristics of OM, CP and starch relative to particle size of dehulled pea seeds were determined using the in sacco method. Fine grinding (≤502 µm) highly increased the rapidly CP and starch degradable fractions and the rate of degradation of these nutrients. Key words: Pea flour, particle size, rumen degradation, crude protein, starch

Chemical composition, in situ degradable coefficients, and ruminal and post-ruminal dry matter and crude protein disappearances of rapeseed meal

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 163-163
Author(s):  
Mozhgan Mazhari ◽  
Mohsen Danesh Mesgaran
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Amino Acid Balance

Several experiments have been conducted on the value of rapeseed meal (RSM) for dairy cows (Laarveld et al., 1976). The crude protein (CP) content of RSM is almost high (360-420 g kg-1 of DM) with a good amino acid balance. The in situ degradability of RSM was extensively studied (Kendall et al., 1991). The aim of the present study was to determine the chemical composition, in situ degradable coefficients, and ruminal and post-ruminal dry matter (DM) and CP disappearances of an Iranian variety of rapeseed meal (SLM sp.).

scholarly journals Digestión de materia seca, proteína cruda y aminoácidos de la dieta de vacas lecheras

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Monica Duque Quintero ◽  
Ricardo Rosero Noguera ◽  
Marta Olivera Ángel
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Kikuyu Grass

The aim of this study was to determine the digestion of dry matter (MS), crude protein (PC) and amino acids (AA) in dairy cows. Two cannulated cows were used for the determination of passage rate (Kp), in situ ruminal degradability (DR) and intestinal digestibility (DI) by abomasal catheter. The data to calculate Kp was analyzed with NLIN procedure by SAS, and descriptive statistics for DR and DI of MS, PC and AA from Kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum), a commercial supplement and two sources of rumen-protected AA. The study showed a Kp and a ruminal retention time of 0.036 h-1 and 27.4 h. The highest values from DR of MS and CP were from Kikuyu grass (69.0 and 61.8%) and concentrate (84.7 and 77.2%), followed by MetP (60.2 and 66.7%) and LysP (6.72 and 11.4%). The highest percentages of rumen indegradable amino acids (AADR) were from Kikuyu and concentrate, varying between 58.7 and 68% in forage, and 76.1 and 82.9% in the concentrate. The DR was 11.5 and 65.8% in LysP and MetP, respectively. The DI of AA (%AADR) varied between 42.3 and 77.4% for Kikuyu and 42.2 and 59.3% for concentrate. The values for the protected amino acids were 42.1 for LysP and 58.6 for MetP. 

scholarly journals Degradabilidad in situ de la materia seca, proteína y fibra del forraje de morera (Morus alba).

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Carlos Boschini
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Entire Plant ◽  
Ruminal Degradation ◽  
Ruminal Degradability

The purpose of this study was to determine the ruminal degradability of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and their fractions, contained in regrowth of mulberry at 56, 84 and 112 days. The degradation of leaves, stems and the whole plant was calculated. The potential degradability of these three components diminished as the regrowth aged. The soluble fraction of the dry matter was reduced from 29% to 25% in the leaves and from 27% to 19% in the stems between the 56th and the112th day. The degradable fraction in the stem remained constant (61-63%) on the three measuring days, with ruminal degradation levels of 14%, 10% and 9%/h respectively. In the stem the degradable fraction diminished from 42% to 30% between the 56th and 112th day, with degradation speeds of 8.4%, 6.7 % and 5.3%/h. The soluble crude protein diminished with age from 41% to 33% in the entire plant and the degradable fraction remained constant between 49% and 51%. The degradation rate was higher than 9.4%/h. The neutral detergent fiber had a degradable fraction of 71%, 62% y 43% on the 56th, 84th and 112th day, with degradation rates of 13%, 10% y 9%/h respectively. The degradation of the neutral detergent fiber began in the rumen with a lag time of 1.5 to 3.2 hours.

scholarly journals A MODIFIED METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF IN SITU RUMEN DEGRADATION OF FEEDSTUFFS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. DE BOER ◽  
J. J. MURPHY ◽  
J. J. KENNELLY
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Polyester Mesh ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Mesh Bag

In situ rumen dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) disappearance of various feed-stuffs was studied in Holstein cows. Comparisons of nylon bag size, method of containment within the rumen, and washing technique were made to develop a system which would reduce labor and improve precision among and within laboratories. Bags (7.0 × 11.0 cm) were suspended individually in the rumen by fishing line, or placed in a polyester mesh bag before being put in the rumen. No differences were observed between method of suspension in the rumen. The polyester mesh bag was then used to contain two nylon bag types (3.5 × 5.5 cm, 1-g sample (BT1); 7.0 × 11.0 cm; 5-g sample (BT2)) for incubation in the rumen. Small bags (BT1) were heat-sealed. Dry matter and CP disappearances from BT1 were lower than from BT2. These differences were attributed to washing technique as the larger bag (BT2) was washed more vigorously. A mechanical washing wheel was designed and built to reduce variability due to washing by hand. Bags washed by machine followed by hand washing had slightly higher DM and CP disappearances than bags washed by machine only; however, these differences did not significantly influence effective degradability. Feedstuffs were reincubated in small bags and large bags, and bags were mechanically washed. Dry matter and CP disappearance and effective rumen degradabilities of DM- and CP, assuming a constant rate of outflow, were not significantly different between bag types. Use of heat-sealed small bags (3.5 × 5.5 cm), containing 1-g samples incubated in the rumen within a polyester mesh bag, and a mechanical washer, provides a system for measuring in situ DM and CP disappearance from nylon bags which reduces labor input, can potentially improve consistency among and within laboratories, and facilitates high sample throughput. Key words: In situ, rumen, degradability, mechanical washer, Holstein cows

In situ dry matter and crude protein degradation kinetics of sunflower meal

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 169-169
Author(s):  
Tahereh Mohammadabadi ◽  
Mohsen Danesh Mesgaran ◽  
Morteza Chaji
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
Livestock Feeding ◽  
Supplemental Protein ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Different Sources

The use of by-product in animal nutrition is necessary since it may increase the availability of feed for animal and avoid accumulation that contributes to environmental problems. Sunflower meal is a source of supplemental protein for livestock feeding. The amount of hull or fibre in sunflower meal is the major source of variation in nutrient content of this feed. Methionin concentration in sunflower meal is high compared with other protein sources such as cottonseed meal. Sunflower meal without hulls has high degradability than sunflower meal with hull. This study was conducted to evaluate the chemical composition and in situ dry matter (DM)and crude protein (CP) degradability of three different sources of sunflower meal (high, medium and low fat).

scholarly journals Effect of feeding barley or corn silage with dry-rolled barley, corn, or a blend of barley and corn grain on rumen fermentation, total tract digestibility, and nitrogen balance for finishing beef heifers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan A Johnson ◽  
Brittney D Sutherland ◽  
John J McKinnon ◽  
Tim A McAllister ◽  
Gregory B Penner
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Molar Proportion ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
In Situ Degradation

Abstract Five ruminally cannulated heifers were used in an incomplete 6 × 6 Latin square design to determine the effects of cereal silage (barley vs. corn), cereal grain (barley vs. corn vs. a 50:50 blend of barley and corn), and their interaction (S × G) on dry matter intake, ruminal fermentation, total tract digestibility, nitrogen balance, and in situ degradation. Corn silage (CS) or barley silage (BS) was included at 8% of dietary dry matter (DM). Within each silage source, diets contained (DM basis) either dry-rolled barley (BG; 86%), dry-rolled corn (CG; 85%), or an equal blend of barley and corn (BLEND; 85%). Periods were 25 d, with 5 d of dietary transition, 13 d of dietary adaptation, and 7 d of data and sample collection. Samples collected included feed and refusals, total urine and feces, and ruminal fluid. All data were analyzed using the Mixed model of SAS with the fixed effects of silage, grain, and the S × G. Dry matter intake (P ≥ 0.19) and mean ruminal pH (P ≥ 0.096) were not affected by the silage, grain, or S × G. Total short-chain fatty acid concentrations were greater for BLEND than BG or CG (grain, P = 0.003) and for CS (silage, P = 0.009) relative to BS. The molar proportion of acetate was greater for BS-BG and BS-CG (S × G, P < 0.001), while molar proportion of propionate was greater for CS-BG (S × G, P < 0.001) relative to other silage and grain source combinations. Rumen ammonia-N concentration was greater for CG than BG, or BLEND (grain, P < 0.001), and greater for CS compared to BS (silage, P = 0.023). Apparent total tract digestibility of DM, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, starch, and gross energy were greatest for BG (grain, P ≤ 0.035). Digestible energy content (Mcal/kg) was greater for BG (grain, P = 0.029) than CG and BLEND. Total nitrogen retention (g/d and % of intake) was greatest for CS-BG (S × G, P ≤ 0.033) relative to all other treatments. In situ degradation rates of DM, crude protein, and starch were greater for BG than CG (P ≤ 0.004). The potentially degradable fraction of DM, crude protein, and starch was greater for CG (P ≤ 0.031), while the undegradable fraction was greater for BG (P ≤ 0.046). For silage sources, CS had greater 24 h in situ DM digestibility (P = 0.009) and starch digestibility (24, 48, and 72 h incubations, P ≤ 0.034) relative to BS. Results suggest that while feeding a combination of CS and BG promotes propionate production and greater N retention; few other additive effects were observed.

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