Interactive Curve-Linear Relationship Between Alteration of Carbohydrate Macromolecular Structure Traits in Hulless Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Grain and Nutrient Utilization, Biodegradation and Bioavailability

The aim of this study was to reveal an interactive curve-linear relationship between altered carbohydrate macromolecular structure traits of hulless barley cultivars and nutrient utilization, biodegradation, as well as bioavailability. The cultivars had different carbohydrate macromolecular traits, including amylose (A), amylopectin (AP), and β-glucan contents, as well as their ratios (A:AP). The parameters assessed included: (1) chemical and nutrient profiles; (2) protein and carbohydrate sub-fractions partitioned by the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS); (3) total digestible nutrients (TDN) and energy values; and (4) in situ rumen degradation kinetics of nutrients and truly absorbed nutrient supply. The hulless barley samples were analyzed for starch (ST), crude protein (CP), total soluble crude protein (SCP), etc. The in situ incubation technique was performed to evaluate the degradation kinetics of the nutrients, as well as the effective degradability (ED) and bypass nutrient (B). Results showed that the carbohydrates (g/kg DM) had a cubic relationship (p < 0.05), with the A:AP ratio and β-glucan level; while the starch level presented a quadratic relationship (p < 0.05), with the A:AP ratio and cubic relationship (p < 0.05), with β-glucan level. The CP and SCP contents had a cubic relationship (p < 0.05) with the A:AP ratio and β-glucan level. The altered carbohydrate macromolecular traits were observed to have strongly curve-linear correlations with protein and carbohydrate fractions partitioned by CNCPS. For the in situ protein degradation kinetics, there was a quadratic effect of A:AP ratio on the rumen undegraded protein (RUP, g/kg DM) and a linear effect of β-glucan on the bypass protein (BCP, g/kg DM). The A:AP ratio and β-glucan levels had quadratic effects (p < 0.05) on BCP and EDCP. For ST degradation kinetics, the ST degradation rate (Kd), BST and EDST showed cubic effects (p < 0.05) with A:AP ratio. The β-glucan level showed a cubic effect on EDST (g/kg DM) and a quadratic effect on BST (g/kg ST or g/kg DM) and EDST (g/kg DM). In conclusion, alteration of carbohydrate macromolecular traits in hulless barley significantly impacted nutrient utilization, metabolic characteristics, biodegradation, and bioavailability. Altered carbohydrate macromolecular traits curve-linearly affected the nutrient profiles, protein and carbohydrate fractions, total digestible nutrient, energy values, and in situ degradation kinetics.

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SYNCHRONIZATION OF CARBOHYDRATE AND PROTEIN SUPPLY IN THE SUGARCANE BAGASSE BASED RATION ON IN SITU NUTRIENT DEGRADABILITY

Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture ◽

10.14710/jitaa.41.1.28-36 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 28-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

F. F. Sani ◽

L. K. Nuswantara ◽

E. Pangestu ◽

F. Wahyono ◽

J. Achmadi

Keyword(s):

Sugarcane Bagasse ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Degradation Kinetics ◽

Nitrogen Supply ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Synchronization Index ◽

In Situ Degradation ◽

Protein Supply ◽

Kinetics Of

Two adult male sheeps fitted with rumen cannula were used in two experiments to study the effects of synchronization of carbohydrate and nitrogen supply in sugarcane bagasse based total mixed ration (TMR) on in situ nutrient degradation. The first experiment was aimed to create three TMR with different synchronization index. Ingredient feedstuffs of TMR were evaluated for its in situ organic matter (OM) and nitrogen (N) degradation kinetics. On the basis of the OM and N degradation kinetics of feedstuffs, three sugarcane bagasse based TMR were formulated with synchronization indexes of 0.37; 0.50; and 0.63; respectively. The TMR had similar levels of crude protein (CP), total digestible nutrients, and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). In the second experiment, the three TMR with different synchronization index were evaluated for in situ degradability characteristics of OM, CP, NDF, and sulfur. The in situ degradation of OM in TMR were decreased (P<0.05) with the increasing of synchronization index. The higher synchronization index in TMR increased (P<0.05) CP degradation of CP. The NDF degradation decreased slightly by the alteration of synchronization index in TMR. The higher synchronization index in TMR reduced (P<0.05) in situ sulfur degradation, and this may not support to effects of synchronization of carbohydrate and nitrogen supply.

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In situ dry matter and crude protein degradation kinetics of some forages in Eastern Turkey

Small Ruminant Research ◽

10.1016/s0921-4488(03)00261-x ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 217-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Leyla Turgut ◽

Mete Yanar

Keyword(s):

Protein Degradation ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Degradation Kinetics ◽

Eastern Turkey ◽

Kinetics Of

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In situ dry matter and crude protein degradation kinetics of sunflower meal

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s175275620002072x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2007 ◽

pp. 169-169

Author(s):

Tahereh Mohammadabadi ◽

Mohsen Danesh Mesgaran ◽

Morteza Chaji

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Degradation Kinetics ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Sunflower Meal ◽

Livestock Feeding ◽

Supplemental Protein ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Different Sources

The use of by-product in animal nutrition is necessary since it may increase the availability of feed for animal and avoid accumulation that contributes to environmental problems. Sunflower meal is a source of supplemental protein for livestock feeding. The amount of hull or fibre in sunflower meal is the major source of variation in nutrient content of this feed. Methionin concentration in sunflower meal is high compared with other protein sources such as cottonseed meal. Sunflower meal without hulls has high degradability than sunflower meal with hull. This study was conducted to evaluate the chemical composition and in situ dry matter (DM)and crude protein (CP) degradability of three different sources of sunflower meal (high, medium and low fat).

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Effects of Drying and Ensiling on In situ Cell Wall Degradation Kinetics of Tomato Pomace in Ruminant

Asian Journal of Animal Sciences ◽

10.3923/ajas.2012.196.202 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 196-202 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Naser Maheri-Sis ◽

Mohammad Chamani ◽

Ali Asghar Sadeghi ◽

Ali Mirzaaghaz ◽

Kambiz Nazeradl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Degradation Kinetics ◽

Cell Wall Degradation ◽

Tomato Pomace ◽

Kinetics Of

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In situ degradability of dry matter and fibrous fraction of sorghum silage

Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascianimsci.v38i2.29576 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 171 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Renê Ferreira Costa ◽

Daniel Ananias de Assis Pires ◽

Marielly Maria Almeida Moura ◽

José Avelino Santos Rodrigues ◽

Vicente Ribeiro Rocha Júnior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Degradation Rate ◽

Degradation Kinetics ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

Dual Purpose ◽

Ruminal Degradability ◽

Sorghum Silage ◽

Kinetics Of

This study aimed to evaluate in situ degradability and degradation kinetics of DM, NDF and ADF of silage, with or without tannin in the grains. Two isogenic lines of grain sorghum (CMS-XS 114 with tannin and CMS-XS 165 without tannin) and two sorghum hybrids (BR-700 dual purpose with tannin and BR-601 forage without tannin) were ensiled; dried and ground silage samples were placed in nylon bags and introduced through the fistulas. After incubation for 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours, bags were taken for subsequent analysis of fibrous fractions. The experimental design was completely randomized with 4 replicates and 4 treatments and means compared by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. As for the DM degradation rate, silage of CMSXS165without tannin was superior. Silages of genotypes BR700 and CMSXS 114 with tannin showed the highest values of indigestible ADF (59.54 and 43.09%). Regarding the NDF, the potential degradation of silage of CMSXS165 line without tannin was superior. Tannin can reduce ruminal degradability of the dry matter and fibrous fractions.

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Effects of spontaneous heating on forage protein fractions and in situ disappearance kinetics of crude protein for alfalfa-orchardgrass hays packaged in large round bales

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2009-2701 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 93 (3) ◽

pp. 1148-1169 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

W.K. Coblentz ◽

P.C. Hoffman ◽

N.P. Martin

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Protein Fractions ◽

Spontaneous Heating ◽

Large Round ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Disappearance Kinetics

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Evaluation of mathematical models to describe protein fraction degradation kinetics of various oilseed meals

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200030106 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2009 ◽

pp. 171-171

Author(s):

M Danesh Mesgaran ◽

T Tashakkori ◽

A Heravi Moussavi ◽

S Danesh Mesgaran ◽

A Vakili ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Models ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Degradation Kinetics ◽

Direct Method ◽

Rapeseed Meal ◽

Insoluble Protein ◽

Degradation Kinetic ◽

Negative Exponential ◽

Kinetics Of

In situ procedure is a direct method of measuring the rumen degradation kinetic of a feed nutrient. Data obtained by this technique are generally analysed using an exponential curve (Ørskov and McDonald, 1979). However, very low attention has been paid to choice of mathematical model to fit the curves and goodness-of-fit of the model. Lopez et al. (1999) pointed out that the disappearance of some feed components, particularly structural carbohydrates, exhibits a larger variety of forms than for crude protein (CP). In the present study, two different mathematical models of a straight line or a negative exponential (France et al., 1990; and Ørskov and McDonald, 1979) were selected to evaluate in situ degradation kinetics of protein fractions including true protein (TP), neutral-detergent insoluble protein (NDIP) and acid-detergent insoluble protein (ADIP) of various oilseed meals (cottonseed meal (CSM), soyabean meal (SM) and rapeseed meal (RM)).

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