Using values economics to add mitigation of greenhouse gases to dairy selection tools

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 23-23
Author(s):  
E Wall ◽  
D Moran
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Shadow Price ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Programming Tools ◽  
Emissions Mitigation ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Farm System ◽  
Livestock Systems ◽  
Selection Tools

The economic appraisal of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions is complex. The shadow price of carbon (SPC) is derived from the best estimate of the present value of damages associated with a tonne of GHG emission in carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2 eq). The SPC rises with time, reflecting the increasing marginal damage of a tonne of GHG when added to a growing stock of atmospheric GHGs. There are many possible technical mitigation options for livestock systems, one of which includes harnessing selection tools. The study of Stott et al. (2005) describes how relative economic values (REVs) are calculated for traits included in the UK dairy profit index (£PLI) using dynamic programming tools to model a whole farm system. The REV for each trait is calculated by examining the consequence of a unit change in a trait of interest on net farm revenue, while keeping all other traits in the index fixed. The SPC provides a useful mechanism of considering the costs of GHG emissions in an economic index framework, such as £PLI. This study outlines methods for incorporating the environmental value of emissions mitigation into breeding goals.

Cost effectiveness of abating greenhouse gases from UK livestock systems

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 22-22
Author(s):  
E Wall ◽  
A McVittie ◽  
V Eory ◽  
D Moran
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Livestock Sector ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Livestock Systems

Mitigating, or abating, greenhouse gases (GHG) from livestock systems can play a vital role in providing solutions to the UK’s climate change obligations. The main abatement options from the livestock sector, independent of grazing/pasture management, are through the efficiencies with which ruminant animals utilise their diet and manure management. Options include breed selection, through manipulation of dietary regimes or manure storage strategies. Attempts to abate GHG emissions should first target those abatement options that are cost efficient and this study estimates the cost effectiveness of selected options for the UK livestock sector.

Costs and Benefits of the Transition to Low-carbon Economyin Russia: Perspectives up to 2050

2014 ◽  
pp. 70-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Bashmakov ◽  
A. Myshak
Keyword(s):  
Emission Reduction ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Emissions Mitigation ◽  
Very High

This paper investigates costs and benefits associated with low-carbon economic development pathways realization to the mid XXI century. 30 scenarios covering practically all “visions of the future” were developed by several research groups based on scenario assumptions agreed upon in advance. It is shown that with a very high probability Russian energy-related GHG emissions will reach the peak before 2050, which will be at least 11% below the 1990 emission level. The height of the peak depends on portfolio of GHG emissions mitigation measures. Efforts to keep 2050 GHG emissions 25-30% below the 1990 level bring no GDP losses. GDP impact of deep GHG emission reduction - by 50% of the 1990 level - varies from plus 4% to minus 9%. Finally, very deep GHG emission reduction - by 80% - may bring GDP losses of over 10%.

scholarly journals Alternative Securities Markets as Financing Sources for SMEs – Selected Aspects of AIM and NC

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Małecka
Keyword(s):  
Financial Market ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Stock Exchanges ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Warsaw Stock Exchange ◽  
Market Operation ◽  
The Uk

Small and medium-sized enterprises are the foundation for the development of each contemporary national economy. Their number affects macroeconomic indices of economies and directly translates into the labour market created by SMEs. This article aims to investigate the key conditionings behind the macroeconomic significance and legal factors of the financial market operation in Poland and the UK, with particular emphasis on the stock exchange as the fundamental element of the capital market. Both AIM and NewConnect are platforms dedicated to SMEs, which have been allowed easier access to this capital market segment by minimising mandatory legal conditions. This study analyses the number of listed companies and their capitalisation values in 1999–2015, covering: the rules of the financial market operation, with a special focus on the legal bases of the stock market operation in the economies investigated; legal conditions for the development of this economic segment; and a detailed analysis of the number of participants and capitalisation values achieved on the Warsaw and London Stock Exchanges, in particular AIM and NewConnect. This paper builds on source data from various annual reports and stock exchange publications drawn up and made available by stock exchanges and financial supervisors. The attempt to compare the indices and capacities of the WSE and the NC with the biggest European player is motivated by the fact that the Warsaw Stock Exchange is classified as the largest and most dynamically growing stock exchange in Central and Eastern Europe.

Using emissions derived from atmospheric observations to inform the reported UK inventory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair Manning ◽  
Alison Redington ◽  
Simon O'Doherty ◽  
Dickon Young ◽  
Dan Say ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Atmospheric Dispersion ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Atmospheric Observations ◽  
Emission Modelling ◽  
National Inventory Report ◽  
The Uk

<p align="justify">Verification of the nationally reported greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories using inverse modelling and atmospheric observations is considered to be best practice by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It allows for an independent assessment of the nationally reported GHG emissions using a comprehensively different approach to the inventory methods. Significant differences in the emissions estimated using the two approaches are a means of identifying areas worthy of further investigation.</p><p align="justify"> </p><p align="justify"><span>An inversion methodology called Inversion Technique for Emission Modelling (InTEM) has been developed that uses a non-negative least squares minimisation technique to determine the emission magnitude and distribution that most accurately reproduces the observations. By estimating the underlying </span><span><em>baseline</em></span><span> time series, atmospheric concentrations where the short-term impact of regional pollution has been removed, and by modelling where the air has passed over on route to the observation stations on a regional scale, estimates of UK emissions are made. </span>In this study we use an extensive network of observations with six stations across the UK and six more in neighbouring countries<span>. InTEM uses information from a</span> Lagrangian dispersion model NAME (Numerical Atmospheric dispersion Modelling Environment), driven by three-dimensional, modelled meteorology, to understand how the air mixes during transport from the emission sources to observation points. <span>The InTEM inversion results are submitted annually by the UK as part of their National Inventory Report to the UNFCCC. They are used within the UK inventory team to highlight areas for investigation and have led to significant improvements to the submitted UK inventory. The latest UK comparisons will be shown along with examples of how the inversion results have informed the inventory.</span></p>

scholarly journals Precision Agriculture Technologies Positively Contributing to GHG Emissions Mitigation, Farm Productivity and Economics

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasios Balafoutis ◽  
Bert Beck ◽  
Spyros Fountas ◽  
Jurgen Vangeyte ◽  
Tamme Wal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Farm Productivity ◽  
Emissions Mitigation

Integrating livestock with the environment in upland systems

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 237-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Wright ◽  
I.J. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Extensive Grazing ◽  
Environmental Objectives ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Livestock Systems

Livestock systems in hill and upland areas of the UK are characterised by extensive grazing, mainly by sheep and beef cattle. These areas also represent some of the most valued semi-natural habitats and landscapes in the country, with many areas being the subject to any number of a range of types of designation. This paper explores how, within upland systems, livestock can be integrated with their environment to achieve both agricultural and environmental objectives.

Mitigating climate change in the building sector

Facilities ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (7/8) ◽  
pp. 342-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick T.I. Lam ◽  
Edwin H.W. Chan ◽  
Ann T.W. Yu ◽  
Wynn C.N. Cam ◽  
Jack S. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Emissions Trading ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Facilities Management ◽  
Building Sector ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Uk

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate how unique features of built facilities would affect the application of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions trading, and to explore what adaptive measures may be taken for emissions trading to be applied to the built environment. Emissions trading is a financial tool to encourage GHG emissions reduction in various industries. As the building sector is responsible for a large amount of GHG emissions, it is valuable to explore the application of emissions trading in built facilities. Design/methodology/approach – The analysis is based on a comparative study reviewing the current emissions trading schemes (ETSs) in Australia, Japan and the UK covering the building industry, and to evaluate the approaches adopted by the schemes to tackle the problems related to buildings and facilities management. Findings – The research findings reveal that the small energy savings of individual building units, the large variety of energy-saving technologies and the split incentives and diverse interests of building owners and tenants would be the barriers hindering the development of emissions trading. To overcome these barriers, an ETS should allow its participants to group individual energy savings, lower the complexity of monitoring and reporting approaches and allow owners and tenants to benefit from emissions trading. Originality/value – This article provides a comprehensive overview of the current emissions trading practices in the built environment. Besides, it raises the attention and consciousness of policymakers to the need that building characteristics and facilities management should be taken into consideration when designing an ETS for the building sector.

scholarly journals Greenhouse Gases and Energy Intensity of Granite Rock Mining Operations in Thailand: A Case of Industrial Rock-Construction

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suthirat Kittipongvises ◽  
Orathai Chavalparit ◽  
Chakkaphan Sutthirat
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Crushed Rock ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Granite Rock ◽  
Rock Mining

Abstract This paper is aimed to systematically assess greenhouse gases (GHGs) and energy intensity of the granite rock mining operations in Thailand and also identify a range of feasible options to minimize their GHG emissions. Mining factories A, B and C, located in the Eastern region of Thailand, were selected as research case studies. The results indicated that the 3-year average of GHGs emissions from factories A to C was 3387 718 kgCO2e per year with approximately 2.92 kgCO2e per ton of granite rock produced over 2012 to 2014. Of this, the carbon intensity of grid-electricity consumption for the crushed rock production was 1.84 kgCO2/kWh. Diesel fuel combustion for transport activities in the mining factories was the greatest contributor to GHGs emissions (68 %) compared to the purchased electricity and explosion process, with 31 % and 1 %, respectively. In-Pit Crushing and Conveying (IPCC) installation, haul truck payload optimization and management, and reduction in tire rolling resistance have shown potential to reduce carbon emissions accounted for 20 % to 70 %.

Risk Assessment of the Paris Climate Agreement Ratification for the Transport Complex of Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Юрий Трофименко ◽  
Yuri Trofimenko ◽  
В. Комков ◽  
V. Komkov
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Hybrid Vehicles ◽  
Gross Domestic Product Growth ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Greenhouse Gases Emissions ◽  
Vehicle Fleet ◽  
Paris Climate Agreement ◽  
Transport Complex

The key topics of the Paris Agreement on climate change prevention by way of greenhouse gases emissions regulation, and the risks for the transport industry in case of this agreement ratification have been considered. Using the developed methodology and forecast assessments of the number and structures of vehicle fleets and transport work, has been carried out the assessment of potential reduction for greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions by all means of transport for the period up to 2030, and measures to this reduction achievement. It has been established that GHG emissions by transport in 2030 can be reduced in comparison with 2015 from 286.0 to 261.2…282.0 million tons of CO2-eq. that is 20…26% more than in 1990. To achieve the target level of GHG emissions by transport in 2030 (70…75% of the 1990 level) is possible only if the entire car fleet of Russia (66.3…73.6 million units) will consist by half of hybrid vehicles and by half of electric ones. The main measures for reaching the stabilization path of GHG emission volumes by the transport complex, and then reducing these volumes by 5…12% in 2030 are follows: introduction of a carbon-based transport tax on all types of vehicles; introduction and tightening of specific (per unit mileage) standards for fuel consumption and CO2 emissions of single vehicles; measures for substitution of transport whose age exceeds 10 … 15 years, by electric cars, hybrids, and vehicles that run on alternative fuels, the use of carbon-free transports in the vehicle fleet. The formed system of GHG emissions regulation should foresee a differentiated approach to various sectors of the economy (taking into account objective differences in their development level, and technological possibilities on GHG emissions reducing), and should not thwart goals of intensive development for economy with gross domestic product growth rates exceeding the world average ones.

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