scholarly journals Prevalence and predictors of psychotropic medication use: results from the Northern Ireland Study of Health and Stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 542-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Benson ◽  
S. O'Neill ◽  
S. Murphy ◽  
F. Ferry ◽  
B. Bunting
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
General Population ◽  
Psychotropic Medication ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
World Health

Background.To identify the predictors of psychotropic medication use and to determine rates and patterns of use in Northern Ireland (NI) among the general population and various subgroups.Method.Analysis of data from the NI Study of Health and Stress, a representative household survey undertaken between 2004 and 2008 with 4340 individuals. Respondents were asked about prescribed psychotropic medication use in the previous 12 months along with a series of demographic questions and items regarding experience of traumatic life events. Mental health disorders were assessed using the World Health Organization's Composite International Diagnostic Interview.Results.Females, individuals aged 50–64 years old, those who were previously married, and those who had experienced a traumatic lifetime event were more likely to have taken any psychotropic medication. Use of any psychotropic medication in the population in the previous 12 months was 14.9%. Use among individuals who met the criteria for a 12-month mental health disorder was 38.5%. Almost one in ten individuals (9.4%) had taken an antidepressant.Conclusions.Compared with other countries, NI has high proportions of individuals using psychotropic medication in both the general population and those who met the criteria for a 12-month mental disorder. However, these results still suggest possible under treatment of mental disorders in the country. In addition, rates of use in those with no disorder are relatively high. The predictors of medication use are similar to findings in other countries. Possible research and policy implications are discussed.

Lifetime prevalence of mental health disorders and delay in treatment following initial onset: evidence from the Northern Ireland Study of Health and Stress

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1727-1739 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Bunting ◽  
S. D. Murphy ◽  
S. M. O'Neill ◽  
F. R. Ferry
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Lifetime Prevalence ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Delay In Treatment

BackgroundThe current study provides the first epidemiological estimates of lifetime mental disorders across NI based on DSM-IV criteria. Risk factors, delays in treatment and the experience of conflict are also examined.MethodNationally representative face-to-face household survey of 4340 individuals aged ⩾18 years in NI using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Analyses were implemented using SAS and STATA software.ResultsLifetime prevalence of any disorder was 39.1% while projected lifetime risk was 48.6%. Individuals who experienced conflict were more likely to have had an anxiety, mood or impulse-control disorder. Treatment delays were substantial for anxiety and substance disorders.ConclusionsResults from this study show that mental disorders are highly prevalent in Northern Ireland. The elevated rates of post-traumatic stress disorder in relation to other countries and the association of living ‘in a region of terror’ disorders suggests that civil conflict has had an additional impact on mental health. Given substantial delays in treatment, further research is required to investigate the factors associated with failure and delay in treatment seeking.

scholarly journals The Moderating Effects of Coping Strategies on Major Depression in the General Population

2002 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
JianLi Wang ◽  
Scott B Pat ten
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
General Population ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
World Health ◽  
Moderating Effects

Objectives: To evaluate the moderating effects of various coping strategies on the as sociation between stressors and the prevalence of major depression in the general population. Methods: Subjects from the Alberta buy- incomponent of the 1994 –1995 National Population Health Survey (NPHS) were included in the analysis ( n = 1039). Each subject was asked 8 questions about coping strategies that dealt with unexpected stress from family problems and personal crises. Major depression was measured using the World Health Organization's (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Short Form (CIDI- SF) for major depression. The im pacts of coping strategies in relation to psychological stres sors on the prevalence of major depression were de ter mined by examining interactions between coping and life stress on major depression using logistic regression modelling. Results: No robust impact of coping strategies in relation to various categories of stress evaluated in the NPHS was observed. There was evidence that the use of “pray and seek religious help” and “talks to others about the situations” as coping strategies by women moderated the risk of major depression in the presence of financial stress and relation ship stress (with a partner). Using emotional expression as a coping strategy by women might de crease the risk of major depression in the presence of 1 or more re cent life events, personal stress, relationship stress (with a partner), and environmental stress. Conclusion: Different coping strategies may have a differential impact on the prevalence of major depression in specific circumstances. These findings may be important both to prevent and to treat depressive disorders.

scholarly journals Parent psychopathology and offspring mental disorders: Results from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys

2012 ◽  
Vol 200 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie A. McLaughlin ◽  
Anne M. Gadermann ◽  
Irving Hwang ◽  
Nancy A. Sampson ◽  
Ali Al-Hamzawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Population Attributable Risk ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
World Health ◽  
Parent Psychopathology ◽  
World Mental Health

BackgroundAssociations between specific parent and offspring mental disorders are likely to have been overestimated in studies that have failed to control for parent comorbidity.AimsTo examine the associations of parent with respondent disorders.MethodData come from the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health Surveys (n = 51 507). Respondent disorders were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and parent disorders with informant-based Family History Research Diagnostic Criteria interviews.ResultsAlthough virtually all parent disorders examined (major depressive, generalised anxiety, panic, substance and antisocial behaviour disorders and suicidality) were significantly associated with offspring disorders in multivariate analyses, little specificity was found. Comorbid parent disorders had significant sub-additive associations with offspring disorders. Population-attributable risk proportions for parent disorders were 12.4% across all offspring disorders, generally higher in high- and upper-middle- than low-/lower-middle-income countries, and consistently higher for behaviour (11.0–19.9%) than other (7.1–14.0%) disorders.ConclusionsParent psychopathology is a robust non-specific predictor associated with a substantial proportion of offspring disorders.

Flourishing After a Stroke: A Nationally Representative Portrait of Resilience and Mental Health Among Older Canadians

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 308-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esme Fuller-Thomson ◽  
Lisa A. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
World Health ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Nationally Representative

Objectives: The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of, and factors associated with, complete mental health (CMH) among stroke survivors aged 50+ years. Method: Bivariate and logistic regression analyses of nationally representative data from the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey–Mental Health of 11,157 older adults aged 50+ years (300 stroke survivors). CMH included all of these elements: (a) absence of any past-year mental illness (measured by the World Health Organization version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview [WHO-CIDI] scales), (b) almost daily happiness or satisfaction, and (c) psychological and social well-being. Results: Two thirds of the stroke survivors (68%) were in CMH. Among stroke survivors, the odds of CMH were higher among those with at least one confidant (odds ratio [OR] = 4.34; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.52, 12.41]), those without disabling chronic pain (OR = 2.34; 95% CI = [1.24, 4.41]), and those without a history of childhood maltreatment (OR = 2.10; 95% CI = [1.09, 4.05]), depression (OR = 3.83; 95% CI = [1.10, 13.37]), or generalized anxiety disorders (OR = 3.42; 95% CI = [1.19, 9.79]). Discussion: These findings provide encouraging information for stroke survivors.

CIDI, SCAN and IPDE: structured diagnostic interviews for ICD 10 and DSM III-R

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 277-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
CB Pull ◽  
HU Wittchen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification ◽  
Health Organization

SummaryThe Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN) and the International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE) constitute part of a family of instruments which have been designed for the assessment of mental disorders as defined by the explicit diagnostic criteria and algorithms in ICD 10 and DSM III-R. They have been developed at the request of the World Health Organization and the United States Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration to foster a common language in the mental health field, to facilitate comparisons of clinical and research findings from different settings, countries and cultures, and to improve the scientific basis of diagnosis and classification in psychiatry. This report describes the background, purpose and essential features of the three instruments.

scholarly journals Social fears and social phobia in the USA: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Ruscio ◽  
T. A. Brown ◽  
W. T. Chiu ◽  
J. Sareen ◽  
M. B. Stein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Phobia ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
World Health ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
National Comorbidity Survey Replication ◽  
National Comorbidity Survey ◽  
Co Morbidity

BackgroundDespite heightened awareness of the clinical significance of social phobia, information is still lacking about putative subtypes, functional impairment, and treatment-seeking. New epidemiologic data on these topics are presented from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R).MethodThe NCS-R is a nationally representative household survey fielded in 2001–2003. The World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview Version 3.0 (CIDI 3.0) was used to assess 14 performance and interactional fears and DSM-IV social phobia.ResultsThe estimated lifetime and 12-month prevalence of social phobia are 12.1% and 7.1% respectively. Performance and interactional fears load onto a single latent factor, and there is little evidence for distinct subtypes based either on the content or the number of fears. Social phobia is associated with significant psychiatric co-morbidity, role impairment, and treatment-seeking, all of which have a dose–response relationship with number of social fears. However, social phobia is the focus of clinical attention in only about half of cases where treatment is obtained. Among non-co-morbid cases, those with the most fears were least likely to receive social phobia treatment.ConclusionsSocial phobia is a common, under-treated disorder that leads to significant functional impairment. Increasing numbers of social fears are associated with increasingly severe manifestations of the disorder.

scholarly journals Impact of unemployment on mental disorders, physical health and quality of life: Findings from the Singapore Mental Health Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 390-401
Author(s):  
Mythily Subramaniam ◽  
Jue Hua Lau ◽  
Edimansyah Abdin ◽  
Janhavi Ajit Vaingankar ◽  
James Junda Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Study

ABSTRACT Introduction: This study examines: (1) the employment rate among those with a mental disorder in the 12 months preceding the survey (referred henceforth as 12-month mental disorder); (2) the sociodemographic correlates of unemployment; and (3) the association of unemployment with 12-month mental disorders and chronic physical conditions in the adult resident population in Singapore. Methods: Data are from the Singapore Mental Health Study 2016, a household survey of a nationally representative sample of 6,126 Singapore residents. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used to assess mental disorders and physical health conditions. Employment-related information was collected using a modified employment module of the CIDI. Results: Of the 6,125 participants who took part in the study, 4,055 (72%) were employed, 1,716 (22.7%) were economically inactive, and 354 (5.3%) were unemployed. The unemployment rate was twice as high among those with a 12-month mental disorder (11.5%) than those without (4.8%). The proportion of unemployed individuals increased sharply with the increasing severity of mental disorders. Being married and higher household income were significantly associated with a higher likelihood of being employed than unemployed. In contrast, the presence of one 12-month mental disorder was significantly associated with a lower likelihood of being employed. Conclusion: Our findings provide information on the significant association of mental disorders with unemployment. Clinicians should remain vigilant and consider the loss of employment a potential risk factor for adverse physical and mental health changes. Management of unemployed patients with a combination of pharmacotherapy and work-directed interventions can facilitate their re-entry into the workforce and improve health outcomes. Keywords: Employment, epidemiology, mental health, survey

scholarly journals Onset and remission of common mental disorders among adults living in temporary housing for three years after the triple disaster in Northeast Japan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norito Kawakami ◽  
Maiko Fukasawa ◽  
Kiyomi Sakata ◽  
Ruriko Suzuki ◽  
Hiroaki Tomita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
General Population ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
First Year ◽  
Temporary Housing ◽  
Post Disaster

Abstract Background: People living in temporary housing for long periods after a disaster are at risk of (developing) poor mental health. This study investigated the post-disaster incidence and remission of common mental disorders among adults living in temporary housing for the three years following the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. Methods: Three years after the disaster, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 1,089 adult residents living in temporary housing in Japan (the shelter group) and a random sample of 852 community residents of East Japan (the general population). The World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used to diagnose DSM-IV mood, anxiety, and alcohol use disorders. Information on demographic variables and disaster experiences was also collected. Results: Response rates were 49% and 46%, for the shelter group and general population, respectively. The incidence of mood/anxiety disorder in the shelter group was elevated only in the first year post-disaster compared to that of the general population, although the rate of remission was significantly lower in the shelter group. The proportion seeking medical treatment was higher in the shelter group. Conclusions: The onset of common mental disorders increased in the first year, but then levelled off in the following years among residents in temporary housing after the disaster. Remission from incident post-disaster mental disorders was slower. Post-disaster mental health service is required to take into account the prolonged remission of mental disorders among survivors with a long-term stay in temporary housing after a disaster.

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