scholarly journals The Moderating Effects of Coping Strategies on Major Depression in the General Population

2002 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
JianLi Wang ◽  
Scott B Pat ten
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
General Population ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
World Health ◽  
Moderating Effects

Objectives: To evaluate the moderating effects of various coping strategies on the as sociation between stressors and the prevalence of major depression in the general population. Methods: Subjects from the Alberta buy- incomponent of the 1994 –1995 National Population Health Survey (NPHS) were included in the analysis ( n = 1039). Each subject was asked 8 questions about coping strategies that dealt with unexpected stress from family problems and personal crises. Major depression was measured using the World Health Organization's (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Short Form (CIDI- SF) for major depression. The im pacts of coping strategies in relation to psychological stres sors on the prevalence of major depression were de ter mined by examining interactions between coping and life stress on major depression using logistic regression modelling. Results: No robust impact of coping strategies in relation to various categories of stress evaluated in the NPHS was observed. There was evidence that the use of “pray and seek religious help” and “talks to others about the situations” as coping strategies by women moderated the risk of major depression in the presence of financial stress and relation ship stress (with a partner). Using emotional expression as a coping strategy by women might de crease the risk of major depression in the presence of 1 or more re cent life events, personal stress, relationship stress (with a partner), and environmental stress. Conclusion: Different coping strategies may have a differential impact on the prevalence of major depression in specific circumstances. These findings may be important both to prevent and to treat depressive disorders.

scholarly journals Comorbid Depression among Untreated Illicit Opiate Users: Results from a Multisite Canadian Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 512-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Cameron Wild ◽  
Nady el-Guebaly ◽  
Benedickt Fischer ◽  
Suzanne Brissette ◽  
Serge Brochu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Quebec City ◽  
Comorbid Depression ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Targeted Interventions

Objectives: This study aimed to describe patterns of major depression (MDD) in a cohort of untreated illicit opiate users recruited from 5 Canadian urban centres, identify sociodemographic characteristics of opiate users that predict MDD, and determine whether opiate users suffering from depression exhibit different drug use patterns than do participants without depression. Method: Baseline data were collected from 679 untreated opiate users in Vancouver, Edmonton, Toronto, Montreal, and Quebec City. Using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form for Major Depression, we assessed sociodemographics, drug use, health status, health service use, and depression. We examined depression rates across study sites; logistic regression analyses predicted MDD from demographic information and city. Chi-square analyses were used to compare injection drug use and cocaine or crack use among participants with and without depression. Results: Almost one-half (49.3%) of the sample met the cut-off score for MDD. Being female, white, and living outside Vancouver independently predicted MDD. Opiate users suffering from depression were more likely than users without depression to share injection equipment and paraphernalia and were also more likely to use cocaine ( Ps < 0.05). Conclusions: Comorbid depression is common among untreated opiate users across Canada; targeted interventions are needed for this population.

Biopsychosocial correlates of lifetime major depression in a multiple sclerosis population

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott B Patten ◽  
Luanne M Metz ◽  
Marlene A Reimer
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Population ◽  
Additional Data Collection

The objective of this paper was to evaluate the lifetime and point prevalence of major depression in a population-based Multiple Sclerosis (MS) clinic sample, and to describe associations between selected biopsychosocial variables and the prevalence of lifetime major depression in this sample. Subjects who had participated in an earlier study were re-contacted for additional data collection. Eighty-three per cent (n=136) of those eligible consented to participate. Each subject completed the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) and an interviewer-administered questionnaire evaluating a series of biopsychosocial variables. The lifetime prevalence of major depression in this sample was 22.8%, somewhat lower than previous estimates in MS clinic populations. Women, those under 35, and those with a family history of major depression had a higher prevalence. Also, subject reporting high levels of stress and heavy ingestion of caffeine (>400 mg) had a higher prevalence of major depression. As this was a cross-sectional analysis, the direction of causal effect for the observed associations could not be determined. By identifying variables that are associated with lifetime major depression, these data generate hypotheses for future prospective studies. Such studies will be needed to further understand the etiology of depressive disorders in MS.

Inflammation Mediates Longitudinal Relations Between Common Psychiatric Disorder Severity and Future Executive Function Impairment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Hani Hani Zainal ◽  
Michelle G. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Scar models propose that elevated psychiatric disorder severity predisposes people to future decreased executive function (EF) through heightened inflammation. However, most prior research on this topic has been cross-sectional. We thus investigated if increased Time 1 (T1) common psychiatric disorder severity predicted Time 3 (T3) EF decrement via Time 2 (T2) inflammation in two unique samples. Methods: Community- dwelling adults participated in Study 1 (n = 614) and Study 2 (n = 945). Both studies measured T1 common psychiatric disorder severity (Composite International Diagnostic Interview–Short Form major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and panic disorder severity scales), T2 inflammation (interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen blood concentration), and T3 EF (Brief Test of Adult Cognition by Telephone). Structural equation modeling was conducted. Results: Greater T1 diagnostic severity predicted higher T2 inflammation (after 2 months in Study 1: Cohen’s d = 0.84; following 9 years in Study 2: d = 0.82). Moreover, higher T2 inflammation predicted lower T3 EF (after 18 months in Study 1: d = -1.30; following 9 years in Study 2: d = -1.18), with large effect sizes. Further, the mediation paths were significantly moderate-to-large in Study 1 (d = 0.76) and Study 2 (d = 0.69). Socio-demographic, lifestyle, medication use, and physical health variables did not moderate these mediation models. Conclusions: Inflammation may be a mechanism explaining the T1 common psychiatric disorder severity–T3 EF relation. Treatments that target inflammation and/or anxiety or depressive disorders may prevent some individuals from experiencing EF decline.

Alcohol Consumption and Major Depression in the Canadian Population

1998 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 502-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott B Patten ◽  
Dara A Charney
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Alcohol Ingestion ◽  
Simple Relationship ◽  
Canadian Population ◽  
Statistics Canada

Objective: Various clinical studies have documented associations between alcohol consumption and depressive disorders. In some circumstances, alcohol ingestion may cause or worsen depression, whereas in other circumstances the direction of causal effect may be reversed. The objective of this study was to evaluate associations between alcohol consumption and major depression in the Canadian population. Method: Data from the Canadian National Population Health Survey (NPHS) were analyzed. This survey, conducted by Statistics Canada in 1994, used a probability sample of 17 626 subjects. The NPHS included measures of alcohol ingestion and a diagnostic screen for major depression (Composite International Diagnostic Interview [CIDI] Short Form). Results: Subjects reporting any drinking in the year preceding the interview were more likely to have experienced an episode of major depression during that time than subjects reporting no drinking. Subjects reporting maximal ingestions of 5 or more drinks (and especially 10 or more drinks) on at least 1 occasion during the preceding year were also at greater risk of major depression than nondrinking subjects or subjects reporting smaller maximal ingestions. Neither the average amount consumed daily nor the frequency of drinking was associated with major depression. Conclusions: In the general population, there is no simple relationship between the quantity or frequency of alcohol consumption and the prevalence of major depression. Any drinking and maximal consumption on I occasion, however, are related to the prevalence of major depression. Further research is needed to delineate causal mechanisms so that clinical and public-health interventions can be formulated.

scholarly journals Long-Term Medical Conditions and Major Depression: Strength of Association for Specific Conditions in the General Population

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott B Patten ◽  
Cynthia A Beck ◽  
Aliya Kassam ◽  
Jeanne VA Williams ◽  
Corrado Barbui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
General Population ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Strength Of Association

Background: The prevalence of major depression (MD) in persons with nonpsychiatric medical conditions is an indicator of clinical need in those groups, an indicator of the feasibility of screening and case-finding efforts, and a source of etiologic hypotheses. This analysis explores the prevalence of MD in the general population in relation to various long-term medical conditions. Methods: We used a dataset from a large-scale Canadian national health survey, the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). The sample consisted of 115 071 subjects aged 18 years and over, randomly sampled from the Canadian population. The survey interview recorded self-reported diagnoses of various long-term medical conditions and employed a brief predictive interview for MD, the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form for Major Depression. Logistic regression was used to adjust estimates of association for age and sex. Results: The conditions most strongly associated with MD were chronic fatigue syndrome (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 7.2) and fibromyalgia (AOR 3.4). The conditions least strongly associated were hypertension (AOR 1.2), diabetes, heart disease, and thyroid disease (AOR 1.4 in each case). We found associations with various gastrointestinal, neurologic, and respiratory conditions. Conclusions: A diverse set of long-term medical conditions are associated with MD, although previous studies might have lacked power to detect some of these associations. The strength of association in prevalence data, however, varies across specific conditions.

scholarly journals Prevalence and predictors of psychotropic medication use: results from the Northern Ireland Study of Health and Stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 542-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Benson ◽  
S. O'Neill ◽  
S. Murphy ◽  
F. Ferry ◽  
B. Bunting
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
General Population ◽  
Psychotropic Medication ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
World Health

Background.To identify the predictors of psychotropic medication use and to determine rates and patterns of use in Northern Ireland (NI) among the general population and various subgroups.Method.Analysis of data from the NI Study of Health and Stress, a representative household survey undertaken between 2004 and 2008 with 4340 individuals. Respondents were asked about prescribed psychotropic medication use in the previous 12 months along with a series of demographic questions and items regarding experience of traumatic life events. Mental health disorders were assessed using the World Health Organization's Composite International Diagnostic Interview.Results.Females, individuals aged 50–64 years old, those who were previously married, and those who had experienced a traumatic lifetime event were more likely to have taken any psychotropic medication. Use of any psychotropic medication in the population in the previous 12 months was 14.9%. Use among individuals who met the criteria for a 12-month mental health disorder was 38.5%. Almost one in ten individuals (9.4%) had taken an antidepressant.Conclusions.Compared with other countries, NI has high proportions of individuals using psychotropic medication in both the general population and those who met the criteria for a 12-month mental disorder. However, these results still suggest possible under treatment of mental disorders in the country. In addition, rates of use in those with no disorder are relatively high. The predictors of medication use are similar to findings in other countries. Possible research and policy implications are discussed.

Spousal resemblance for history of major depressive episode in the previous year

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. LINDEMAN ◽  
J. KAPRIO ◽  
E. ISOMETSÄ ◽  
K. POIKOLAINEN ◽  
M. HEIKKINEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Major Depressive

Background. There is discrepancy in findings on spousal concordance for major depression. Here we report the risk of depression and its determinants in spouses of persons with or without depression, taking into account several known risk factors for major depression.Methods. A random sample of non-institutionalized Finnish individual aged 15–75 years was interviewed in the 1996 National Health Care Survey. The sample included 1708 male–female spouse pairs. Major depressive episode (MDE) during the last 12 months was assessed using the Short Form of the University of Michigan version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (the UM-CIDI Short Form). Risk factors were assessed in the same interview.Results. Factors associating with MDE were spouse's MDE, own alcohol intoxication at least once a week and own chronic medical conditions. In addition, there was a strong association between female's current smoking and male's MDE, independently of other risk factors and spousal MDE. The association of MDE with spouses's MDE was not affected by taking into account other assessed risk factors (own or spouse's).Conclusions. The results indicate elevated spouse concordance for MDE independent of the risk factors assessed in the present study.

Clinical significance of psychotic experiences in the context of sleep disturbance or substance use

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1761-1767 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. DeVylder ◽  
I. Kelleher
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
General Population ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
World Health ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Co Morbidity

BackgroundPsychotic experiences (PE) are commonly reported in the general population, where they are associated with elevated clinical need and functional impairment. Research studies typically exclude PE that occur in the context of sleep or substance use (PE-SS), based on the assumption that they are normative within these contexts. This is the first study to formally test clinical and functional outcomes associated with PE that occur in the context of sleep or substance use.MethodData from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (n = 11 776) were used to assess the associations between both PE and PE-SS and a broad range of outcomes, including psychiatric co-morbidity, suicidal behavior, mental health treatment utilization and World Health Organization (WHO) domains of function, using logistic regression analyses. Lifetime PE and PE-SS were mutually exclusive categories, assessed using the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview psychosis screen.ResultsPE were associated with all 10 clinical and functional outcomes. Similarly, respondents reporting PE-SS had greater clinical need and impaired function relative to controls, which was significant for seven of the 10 outcome variables. When directly compared, the PE and PE-SS groups differed only in their associations with role function (greater impairment for PE) and self-care (greater impairment for PE-SS).ConclusionsPE-SS were associated with a broad range of clinical and functional outcomes in this large general population sample. These associations were similar to those found for PE. Future studies should investigate relative differences between sleep- and substance-induced PE.

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