scholarly journals Impact of unemployment on mental disorders, physical health and quality of life: Findings from the Singapore Mental Health Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 390-401
Author(s):  
Mythily Subramaniam ◽  
Jue Hua Lau ◽  
Edimansyah Abdin ◽  
Janhavi Ajit Vaingankar ◽  
James Junda Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Study

ABSTRACT Introduction: This study examines: (1) the employment rate among those with a mental disorder in the 12 months preceding the survey (referred henceforth as 12-month mental disorder); (2) the sociodemographic correlates of unemployment; and (3) the association of unemployment with 12-month mental disorders and chronic physical conditions in the adult resident population in Singapore. Methods: Data are from the Singapore Mental Health Study 2016, a household survey of a nationally representative sample of 6,126 Singapore residents. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used to assess mental disorders and physical health conditions. Employment-related information was collected using a modified employment module of the CIDI. Results: Of the 6,125 participants who took part in the study, 4,055 (72%) were employed, 1,716 (22.7%) were economically inactive, and 354 (5.3%) were unemployed. The unemployment rate was twice as high among those with a 12-month mental disorder (11.5%) than those without (4.8%). The proportion of unemployed individuals increased sharply with the increasing severity of mental disorders. Being married and higher household income were significantly associated with a higher likelihood of being employed than unemployed. In contrast, the presence of one 12-month mental disorder was significantly associated with a lower likelihood of being employed. Conclusion: Our findings provide information on the significant association of mental disorders with unemployment. Clinicians should remain vigilant and consider the loss of employment a potential risk factor for adverse physical and mental health changes. Management of unemployed patients with a combination of pharmacotherapy and work-directed interventions can facilitate their re-entry into the workforce and improve health outcomes. Keywords: Employment, epidemiology, mental health, survey

Incidence and Outcomes of Mental Disorders in a Regional Population: The Northern Rivers Mental Health Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 674-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Beard ◽  
Uta C. Dietrich ◽  
Lyndon O. Brooks ◽  
Robert T. Brooks ◽  
Kathy Heathcote ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Considerable Change ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Positive Diagnosis ◽  
Health Services Need

Objectives: To estimate the incidence of mental disorders in a cohort of previously symptom-free individuals who are representatives of a regional Australian population. To map changing patterns of diagnosis and comorbidity within the cohort over a 2 year period. Method: Two year follow-up of a community-based cohort drawn from a telephone screening of 9191 randomly selected adults. Subjects were administered a comprehensive face-to-face interview which included the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. A total of 1407 subjects were interviewed at baseline, and 968 subjects were reinterviewed (a 68.8% follow-up rate). Results: There was considerable change in disorder status over the study period, and analysis of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview scoring suggests that these changes reflected real changes in symptomatology. Of subjects interviewed at both baseline and follow-up, 638 were classified as disorder-free at their entry to the study. After 2 years, 98 of these met criteria for a mental disorder during the preceding 12 months. After adjusting for sampling and gender, the 12 month incidence of any mental disorder among subjects who had been disorder-free 2 years previously was 9.95 per hundred person-years at risk. At baseline, a further 330 subjects met ICD-10 criteria for a mental disorder during the previous 12 months. Two years later, 167 of these subjects (50.6%) were disorder-free, and 163 still met the criteria for a mental disorder, although there had often been considerable change in their diagnosis. Subjects with a mental disorder at the commencement of the study were significantly more likely than those without a disorder to have a positive diagnosis 2 years later (p < 0.001). The number of diagnoses at baseline was a strong predictor of the number of diagnoses at follow-up (p < 0.001), and each additional comorbid diagnosis at baseline also increased the probability of a persisting disorder at follow-up (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Over a 2 year period, the majority of subjects with a mental disorder will become disorder-free, while a significant number of previously disorder-free individuals will develop a positive diagnosis. Health services need to be designed to meet this labile demand.

scholarly journals Psychiatric Morbidity in Pain Conditions: Results from the Singapore Mental Health Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mythily Subramaniam ◽  
Janhavi Ajit Vaingankar ◽  
Edimansyah Abdin ◽  
Siow Ann Chong
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Medical Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Study

BACKGROUND: Chronic pain is a common problem among the general population and has been found to be associated with psychiatric disorders in studies based on both clinical samples and epidemiological surveys.OBJECTIVES: To establish the prevalence, correlates and comorbidities of chronic pain disorders among the adult population of Singapore.METHODS: The data used in the present analysis were derived from the Singapore Mental Health Study, a cross-sectional epidemiological survey of a representative sample of the adult resident population of Singapore. Diagnoses of psychiatric disorders were established using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview version 3.0. A modified version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 checklist of chronic medical disorders was used, in which the chronic medical disorders were reclassified into eight types of physical disorders. Chronic pain disorders included arthritis or rheumatism, back problems including disk or spine problems, and migraine headaches.RESULTS: The lifetime prevalence estimates for arthritis, back pain and migraine in the Singapore general population were 6.0% (n=282), 7.0% (n=436) and 5.6% (n=446), respectively. After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, comorbid pain disorders and the presence of other chronic physical conditions, migraine remained significantly associated with major depressive disorder (adjusted OR=2.4), generalized anxiety disorder (adjusted OR=3.0) and alcohol use disorders (adjusted OR=2.1), while back pain was significantly associated with major depressive disorder (adjusted OR=2.0).CONCLUSIONS: The significant association between pain and psychiatric disorders emphasizes the need to screen individuals with chronic pain conditions for psychiatric disorders, particularly depression. There is a need to develop integrated pharmacological and psychological treatments for both conditions.

Lifetime prevalence of mental health disorders and delay in treatment following initial onset: evidence from the Northern Ireland Study of Health and Stress

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1727-1739 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Bunting ◽  
S. D. Murphy ◽  
S. M. O'Neill ◽  
F. R. Ferry
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Lifetime Prevalence ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Delay In Treatment

BackgroundThe current study provides the first epidemiological estimates of lifetime mental disorders across NI based on DSM-IV criteria. Risk factors, delays in treatment and the experience of conflict are also examined.MethodNationally representative face-to-face household survey of 4340 individuals aged ⩾18 years in NI using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Analyses were implemented using SAS and STATA software.ResultsLifetime prevalence of any disorder was 39.1% while projected lifetime risk was 48.6%. Individuals who experienced conflict were more likely to have had an anxiety, mood or impulse-control disorder. Treatment delays were substantial for anxiety and substance disorders.ConclusionsResults from this study show that mental disorders are highly prevalent in Northern Ireland. The elevated rates of post-traumatic stress disorder in relation to other countries and the association of living ‘in a region of terror’ disorders suggests that civil conflict has had an additional impact on mental health. Given substantial delays in treatment, further research is required to investigate the factors associated with failure and delay in treatment seeking.

Body mass index and risk of mental disorders in the general population: Results from the Singapore Mental Health Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mythily Subramaniam ◽  
Louisa Picco ◽  
Vincent He ◽  
Janhavi Ajit Vaingankar ◽  
Edimansyah Abdin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
General Population ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Mental Health Study

scholarly journals The relationship between mental disorders and actual and desired subjective social status

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. A. de Vries ◽  
M. ten Have ◽  
R. de Graaf ◽  
S. van Dorsselaer ◽  
N. M. P. de Ruiter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Subjective Social Status ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Healthy Participants

Abstract Aims Mental disorders are associated with lower subjective social status (SSS), but a more nuanced understanding of this relationship is needed. We examined the influence of disorder age of onset and recency on SSS and studied whether mental disorders are also associated with the discrepancy between actual and desired SSS. Method Data are from the baseline and second wave of the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2 (NEMESIS-2). Mental disorders were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0), while both actual and desired SSS were assessed with a ten-rung ladder. Linear regression was used to examine the association between mental disorders and SSS. Results Of 5303 participants, 2237 had a lifetime mental disorder at baseline. These participants reported significantly lower actual SSS (6.28) at follow-up than healthy participants (6.66, B = −0.38 [95% CI −0.48 to −0.27], p < 0.001) and a significantly greater actual-desired SSS discrepancy (1.14 v. 1.05 after controlling for actual SSS, B = 0.09 [0.01–0.17], p = 0.024). Lower age of onset of the first mental disorder was marginally significantly associated with lower actual SSS (B = 0.006 [0.000–0.012], p = 0.046). More recent disorders were also associated with lower actual SSS (B = 0.015 [0.005–0.026], p = 0.005), such that participants whose disorder remitted ⩾6 years before baseline were statistically indistinguishable from healthy participants. Conclusions Lifetime mental disorders are associated with lower actual SSS and a slightly greater discrepancy between actual and desired SSS. However, people with mental disorders in (long-term) remission have a similar social status as healthy participants.

scholarly journals Six-Month Prevalence of Mental Disorders and Service Contacts among Children and Youth in Ontario: Evidence from the 2014 Ontario Child Health Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katholiki Georgiades ◽  
Laura Duncan ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Jinette Comeau ◽  
Michael H. Boyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Separation Anxiety ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Mental Health Provider ◽  
Health Provider ◽  
Oppositional Defiant

Objectives: To present the 6-month prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of mental disorders and mental health–related service contacts in a sample of children (4 to 11 years) and youth (12 to 17 years) in Ontario. Methods: The 2014 Ontario Child Health Study is a provincially representative survey of 6537 families with children aged 4 to 17 years in Ontario. DSM-IV-TR mental disorders were assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID) and included mood (major depressive episode), anxiety (generalized anxiety, separation anxiety, social phobia, specific phobia), and behaviour disorders (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional-defiant disorder, conduct disorder).The MINI-KID was administered independently to the primary caregiver and youth aged 12 to 17 years in the family’s home. Results: Past 6-month prevalence of any mental disorder ranged from 18.2% to 21.8% depending on age and informant. Behaviour disorders were the most common among children, and anxiety disorders were the most common among youth. Among children and youth with a parent-identified mental disorder, 25.6% of children and 33.7% of youth had contact with a mental health provider. However, 60% had contact with one or more of the providers or service settings assessed, most often through schools. Conclusions: Between 18% and 22% of children and youth in Ontario met criteria for a mental disorder but less than one-third had contact with a mental health provider. These findings provide support for strengthening prevention and early intervention efforts and enhancing service capacity to meet the mental health needs of children and youth in Ontario.

Mental-Physical Comorbidity in Te Rau Hinengaro: The New Zealand Mental Health Survey

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 882-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate M. Scott ◽  
Mark A. Oakley Browne ◽  
Magnus A. Mcgee ◽  
J. Elisabeth Wells ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol Use ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Chronic Physical Conditions

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of chronic physical conditions, and the risk factors for those conditions, among those with 12 month mental disorder; to estimate the prevalence of 12 month mental disorder among those with chronic physical conditions. Method: A nationally representative face-to-face household survey was carried out in October 2003 to December 2004 with 12 992 participants aged 16 years and over, achieving a response rate of 73.3%. Mental disorders were measured with the World Mental Health version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0). Physical conditions were self-reported. All associations are reported adjusted for age and sex. Results: People with (any) mental disorder, relative to those without mental disorder, had higher prevalences of several chronic physical conditions (chronic pain, cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure and respiratory conditions) and chronic condition risk factors (smoking, overweight/obesity, hazardous alcohol use). Around a quarter of people with chronic physical conditions had a comorbid mental disorder compared with 15% of the population without chronic conditions. Significant relationships occurred between some mental disorders and obesity, cardiovascular disease and diabetes for females, but not for males. Conclusions: This paper provides evidence of substantial comorbidity between mental disorders and chronic physical conditions in New Zealand. This should be borne in mind by clinicians working in both mental health and medical services.

scholarly journals Parent psychopathology and offspring mental disorders: Results from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys

2012 ◽  
Vol 200 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie A. McLaughlin ◽  
Anne M. Gadermann ◽  
Irving Hwang ◽  
Nancy A. Sampson ◽  
Ali Al-Hamzawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Population Attributable Risk ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
World Health ◽  
Parent Psychopathology ◽  
World Mental Health

BackgroundAssociations between specific parent and offspring mental disorders are likely to have been overestimated in studies that have failed to control for parent comorbidity.AimsTo examine the associations of parent with respondent disorders.MethodData come from the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health Surveys (n = 51 507). Respondent disorders were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and parent disorders with informant-based Family History Research Diagnostic Criteria interviews.ResultsAlthough virtually all parent disorders examined (major depressive, generalised anxiety, panic, substance and antisocial behaviour disorders and suicidality) were significantly associated with offspring disorders in multivariate analyses, little specificity was found. Comorbid parent disorders had significant sub-additive associations with offspring disorders. Population-attributable risk proportions for parent disorders were 12.4% across all offspring disorders, generally higher in high- and upper-middle- than low-/lower-middle-income countries, and consistently higher for behaviour (11.0–19.9%) than other (7.1–14.0%) disorders.ConclusionsParent psychopathology is a robust non-specific predictor associated with a substantial proportion of offspring disorders.

scholarly journals Lifetime and 12-month prevalence, severity and unmet need for treatment of common mental disorders in Japan: results from the final dataset of World Mental Health Japan Survey

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ishikawa ◽  
N. Kawakami ◽  
R. C. Kessler ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
World Mental Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Dsm Iv

Background.The aim of this study is to estimate the lifetime and 12-month prevalence, severity and treatment of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fourth edition (DSM-IV) mental disorders in Japan based on the final data set of the World Mental Health Japan Survey conducted in 2002–2006.Methods.Face-to-face household interviews of 4130 respondents who were randomly selected from Japanese-speaking residents aged 20 years or older were conducted from 2002 to 2006 in 11 community populations in Japan (overall response rate, 56%). The World Mental Health version of the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI), a fully structured, lay administered psychiatric diagnostic interview, was used for diagnostic assessment.Results.Lifetime/12-month prevalence of any DSM-IV common mental disorders in Japan was estimated to be 20.3/7.6%. Rank-order of four classes of mental disorders was anxiety disorders (8.1/4.9%), substance disorders (7.4/1.0%), mood disorders (6.5/2.3%) and impulse control disorders (2.0/0.7%). The most common individual disorders were alcohol abuse/dependence (7.3/0.9%), major depressive disorder (6.1/2.2%), specific phobia (3.4/2.3%) and generalized anxiety disorder (2.6/1.3%). While the lifetime prevalence of any mental disorder was greater for males and the middle-aged, the persistence (proportion of 12-month cases among lifetime cases) of any mental disorder was greater for females and younger respondents. Among those with any 12-month disorder, 15.3% were classified as severe, 44.1% moderate and 40.6% mild. Although a strong association between severity and service use was found, only 21.9% of respondents with any 12-month disorder sought treatment within the last 12 months; only 37.0% of severe cases received medical care. The mental health specialty sector was the most common resource used in Japan. Although the prevalence of mental disorders were quite low, mental disorders were the second most prevalent cause of severe role impairment among chronic physical and mental disorders.Conclusions.These results suggest lower prevalence of mental disorders in Japan than that in Western countries, although the general pattern of disorders, risk factors and unmet need for treatment were similar to those in other countries. Greater lifetime prevalence for males and greater persistence for females seems a unique feature of Japan, suggesting a cultural difference in gender-related etiology and course of disorders. The treatment rate in Japan was lower than that in most other high-income countries in WMH surveys.

scholarly journals Minding the treatment gap: results of the Singapore Mental Health Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 1415-1424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mythily Subramaniam ◽  
Edimansyah Abdin ◽  
Janhavi Ajit Vaingankar ◽  
Saleha Shafie ◽  
Hong Choon Chua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Physical Disorder ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Treatment Gap ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Mental Health Study

Abstract Purpose To establish the 12-month treatment gap and its associated factors among adults with mental disorders in the Singapore resident population using data from the second Singapore Mental Health Study and to examine the changes since the last mental health survey conducted in 2010. Methods 6126 respondents were administered selected modules of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, to assess major depressive disorder (MDD), dysthymia, bipolar disorder, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) (which included alcohol abuse and dependence). Past year treatment gap was defined as the absolute difference between the prevalence of a particular mental disorder in the past 12 months preceding the interview and those who had received treatment for that disorder. Results The prevalence of overall 12-month treatment gap in this population was high (78.6%). A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed significantly higher odds of treatment gap among those diagnosed with OCD (compared to those with MDD) and in those with a comorbid chronic physical disorder; while those who had primary education and below and those who were unemployed were less likely to have a treatment gap as compared to those with post-secondary education and those employed, respectively. Conclusions The high treatment gap in the population is concerning and highlights the need to promote help-seeking and uptake of treatment. Given the unique demographic characteristics, i.e., those with higher education and employed were more likely not to seek treatment, targeted interventions in the educational and workplace settings should be implemented.

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