scholarly journals Childhood abuse and psychotic experiences – evidence for mediation by adulthood adverse life events

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (03) ◽  
pp. 300-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Bhavsar ◽  
J. Boydell ◽  
P. McGuire ◽  
V. Harris ◽  
M. Hotopf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Adverse Life Events ◽  
Specific Effects

Aims.We have previously reported an association between childhood abuse and psychotic experiences (PEs) in survey data from South East London. Childhood abuse is related to subsequent adulthood adversity, which could form one pathway to PEs. We aimed to investigate evidence of mediation of the association between childhood abuse and PEs by adverse life events.Methods.Data were analysed from the South East London Community Health Study (SELCoH,n= 1698). Estimates of the total effects on PEs of any physical or sexual abuse while growing up were partitioned into direct (i.e. unmediated) and indirect (total and specific) effects, mediatedviaviolent and non-violent life events.Results.There was strong statistical evidence for direct (OR 1.58, 95% CI: 1.19–2.1) and indirect (OR 1.51, 95% CI: 1.32–1.72) effects of childhood abuse on PEs after adjustment for potential confounders, indicating partial mediation of this effectviaviolent and non-violent life events. An estimated 47% of the total effect of abuse on PEs was mediatedviaadulthood adverse life events, of which violent life events made up 33% and non-violent life events the remaining 14%.Conclusions.The association between childhood abuse and PEs is partly mediated through the experience of adverse life events in adulthood. There is some evidence that a larger proportion of this effect was mediated through violent life events than non-violent life events.

scholarly journals Adversity, cannabis use and psychotic experiences: evidence of cumulative and synergistic effects

2014 ◽  
Vol 204 (5) ◽  
pp. 346-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Morgan ◽  
Ulrich Reininghaus ◽  
Abraham Reichenberg ◽  
Souci Frissa ◽  
Matthew Hotopf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Increased Risk

BackgroundThere is robust evidence that childhood adversity is associated with an increased risk of psychosis. There is, however, little research on intervening factors that might increase or decrease risk following childhood adversity.AimsTo investigate main effects of, and synergy between, childhood abuse and life events and cannabis use on odds of psychotic experiences.MethodData on psychotic experiences and childhood abuse, life events and cannabis use were collected from 1680 individuals as part of the South East London Community Health Study (SELCoH), a population-based household survey.ResultsThere was strong evidence that childhood abuse and number of life events combined synergistically to increase odds of psychotic experiences beyond the effects of each individually. There was similar, but weaker, evidence for cannabis use (past year).ConclusionsOur findings are consistent with the hypothesis that childhood abuse creates an enduring vulnerability to psychosis that is realised in the event of exposure to further stressors and risk factors.

scholarly journals Childhood abuse and psychotic experiences in adulthood: findings from a 35-year longitudinal study

2018 ◽  
Vol 214 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline J. Bell ◽  
James A. Foulds ◽  
L. John Horwood ◽  
Roger T. Mulder ◽  
Joseph M. Boden
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Exposure Group ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Time Dynamic ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundThe extent to which exposure to childhood sexual and physical abuse increases the risk of psychotic experiences in adulthood is currently unclear.AimsTo examine the relationship between childhood sexual and physical abuse and psychotic experiences in adulthood taking into account potential confounding and time-dynamic covariate factors.MethodData were from a cohort of 1265 participants studied from birth to 35 years. At ages 18 and 21, cohort members were questioned about childhood sexual and physical abuse. At ages 30 and 35, they were questioned about psychotic experiences (symptoms of abnormal thought and perception). Generalised estimating equation models investigated covariation of the association between abuse exposure and psychotic experiences including potential confounding factors in childhood (socioeconomic disadvantage, adverse family functioning) and time-dynamic covariate factors (mental health, substance use and life stress).ResultsData were available for 962 participants; 6.3% had been exposed to severe sexual abuse and 6.4% to severe physical abuse in childhood. After adjustment for confounding and time-dynamic covariate factors, those exposed to severe sexual abuse had rates of abnormal thought and abnormal perception symptoms that were 2.25 and 4.08 times higher, respectively than the ‘no exposure’ group. There were no significant associations between exposure to severe physical abuse and psychotic experiences.ConclusionsFindings indicate that exposure to severe childhood sexual (but not physical) abuse is independently associated with an increased risk of psychotic experiences in adulthood (particularly symptoms of abnormal perception) and this association could not be fully accounted for by confounding or time-dynamic covariate factors.Declaration of interestNone.

scholarly journals Association Between Schizoid and Aggressive Behaviors in Chinese Adolescents and the Mediating Influences of Childhood Trauma and Adverse Life Events

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingyu Yang ◽  
Yuqiong He ◽  
Shuxian Wu ◽  
Xuerong Luo ◽  
Jianbo Liu
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Chinese Adolescents ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Aggressive Behaviors ◽  
Adverse Life Events

Abstract Background: This study investigated an association between schizoid and aggressive behaviors in Chinese adolescents, and the influences of childhood trauma and adverse life events on this association.Methods: The cross-sectional data of 3094 adolescents aged 12 to 16 years was collected from an epidemiological survey of child and adolescent mental disorders in Hunan Province, China. All these subjects completed the Achenbach’s Child Behavior Checklist, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form, and the Adolescent Self-rating Life Event Checklist. Use independent-sample t-test, Pearson’s correlation analysis, linear regression, mediation analysis and moderation analysis for data analysis.Results: The regression analysis showed that schizoid (βmale = 0.618, βfemale = 0.637, both P < 0.001) and adverse life events (βmale = 0.113, βfemale = 0.057, all P < 0.01) predicted aggressive behaviors. In addition, childhood trauma predicted aggressive behaviors (female: emotional abuse and sexual abuse (β = 0.118 and –0.062, both P < 0.01). Adverse Life events mediated the association between schizoid and aggressive behaviors in male and female adolescents. Emotional neglect in boys, and emotional abuse and sexual abuse in girls mediated the association. Only in female adolescents, the interaction between childhood trauma and life events affected the association between schizoid and aggressive behaviors (P = 0.023).Conclusions: Schizoid are associated with aggressive behaviors in Chinese adolescents. Life events and childhood trauma mediated the association between schizoid and aggressive behaviors, and the interaction between childhood trauma and life events affected girls’ aggressive behaviors. Hence, reducing childhood trauma and adverse life events can reduce the risk of aggressive behaviors in adolescents.

scholarly journals Association of Childhood Abuse with Incident Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Adulthood in a Longitudinal Cohort of Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1589-1596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candace H. Feldman ◽  
Susan Malspeis ◽  
Cianna Leatherwood ◽  
Laura Kubzansky ◽  
Karen H. Costenbader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Increased Risk

Objective.Exposure to severe stressors may alter immune function and augment inflammation and cytokine release, increasing risk of autoimmune disease. We examined whether childhood abuse was associated with a heightened risk of incident systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods.Data were drawn from the Nurses’ Health Study II, a cohort of US female nurses enrolled in 1989, followed with biennial questionnaires. We measured childhood physical and emotional abuse with the Physical and Emotional Abuse Subscale of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and sexual abuse with the Sexual Maltreatment Scale of the Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scale, both administered in 2001. We identified incident SLE (≥ 4 American College of Rheumatology 1997 classification criteria) through 2015. We used multivariable Cox regression models to evaluate the association between childhood abuse and SLE, accounting for potential confounders (e.g., parental education, occupation, home ownership) and mediators [e.g., depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)].Results.Among 67,516 women, there were 94 cases of incident SLE. In adjusted models, exposure to the highest versus lowest physical and emotional abuse was associated with 2.57 times greater risk of SLE (95% CI 1.30–5.12). We found that 17% (p < 0.0001) of SLE risk associated with abuse could be explained by depression and 23% (p < 0.0001) by PTSD. We did not observe a statistically significant association with sexual abuse (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.40–1.77, highest vs lowest exposure).Conclusion.We observed significantly increased risk of SLE among women who had experienced childhood physical and emotional abuse compared with women who had not. Exposure to childhood adversity may contribute to development of SLE.

scholarly journals Psychological processes underlying the association between childhood trauma and psychosis in daily life: an experience sampling study

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (13) ◽  
pp. 2799-2813 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Reininghaus ◽  
C. Gayer-Anderson ◽  
L. Valmaggia ◽  
M. J. Kempton ◽  
M. Calem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Experience Sampling ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Psychotic Experiences

BackgroundEvidence has accumulated that implicates childhood trauma in the aetiology of psychosis, but our understanding of the putative psychological processes and mechanisms through which childhood trauma impacts on individuals and contributes to the development of psychosis remains limited. We aimed to investigate whether stress sensitivity and threat anticipation underlie the association between childhood abuse and psychosis.MethodWe used the Experience Sampling Method to measure stress, threat anticipation, negative affect, and psychotic experiences in 50 first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients, 44 At-Risk Mental State (ARMS) participants, and 52 controls. Childhood abuse was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire.ResultsAssociations of minor socio-environmental stress in daily life with negative affect and psychotic experiences were modified by sexual abuse and group (all pFWE < 0.05). While there was strong evidence that these associations were greater in FEP exposed to high levels of sexual abuse, and some evidence of greater associations in ARMS exposed to high levels of sexual abuse, controls exposed to high levels of sexual abuse were more resilient and reported less intense negative emotional reactions to socio-environmental stress. A similar pattern was evident for threat anticipation.ConclusionsElevated sensitivity and lack of resilience to socio-environmental stress and enhanced threat anticipation in daily life may be important psychological processes underlying the association between childhood sexual abuse and psychosis.

scholarly journals T126. PSYCHIATRIC PREDICTORS FOR BECOMING HOMELESS AND EXITING HOMELESSNESS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S278-S278
Author(s):  
Sandra Nilsson ◽  
Merete Nordentoft ◽  
Carsten Hjorthøj
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
High Income ◽  
Adverse Life Events ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Homelessness is an increasing societal problem in high-income countries and often linked to psychiatric disorders. However, a study compiling the existing literature is lacking. The aim was to identify individual-level predictors for becoming homeless and exiting homelessness in a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods We searched PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science (up to January 2018). Becoming homeless and exiting homelessness were the outcomes. Observational studies with comparison groups from high-income countries were included. The Newcastle Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was used for bias assessment. Random effects models were used to calculate pooled odds ratios (ORs). In all, 116 studies of predictors for becoming homeless and 18 for exiting homelessness were included. Results Psychiatric problems, especially drug use problems (OR 2.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5–5.1) and suicide attempts (OR 3.6, 95% CI 2.1–6.3) were associated with increased risk of homelessness. However, the heterogeneity was substantial in most analyses (I2&gt;90%), and the estimates should be interpreted cautiously. Adverse life-events, including childhood abuse and foster care experiences, and past incarceration were also important predictors of homelessness. Psychotic problems (95% CI 0.4, 0.2–0.8; I2=0) and drug use problems (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.6–0.9; I=0) reduced the chances for exiting homelessness. Female sex and having a partner increased the changes of exiting homelessness. Discussion Evidence for several psychiatric predictors for becoming homeless and exiting homelessness was identified. Additionally, socio-demographic factors, adverse life-events, and criminal behavior were important factors. There is a need for more focus on psychiatric vulnerabilities and early intervention to reduce the risk of homelessness.

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