scholarly journals Psychological processes underlying the association between childhood trauma and psychosis in daily life: an experience sampling study

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (13) ◽  
pp. 2799-2813 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Reininghaus ◽  
C. Gayer-Anderson ◽  
L. Valmaggia ◽  
M. J. Kempton ◽  
M. Calem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Experience Sampling ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Psychotic Experiences

BackgroundEvidence has accumulated that implicates childhood trauma in the aetiology of psychosis, but our understanding of the putative psychological processes and mechanisms through which childhood trauma impacts on individuals and contributes to the development of psychosis remains limited. We aimed to investigate whether stress sensitivity and threat anticipation underlie the association between childhood abuse and psychosis.MethodWe used the Experience Sampling Method to measure stress, threat anticipation, negative affect, and psychotic experiences in 50 first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients, 44 At-Risk Mental State (ARMS) participants, and 52 controls. Childhood abuse was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire.ResultsAssociations of minor socio-environmental stress in daily life with negative affect and psychotic experiences were modified by sexual abuse and group (all pFWE < 0.05). While there was strong evidence that these associations were greater in FEP exposed to high levels of sexual abuse, and some evidence of greater associations in ARMS exposed to high levels of sexual abuse, controls exposed to high levels of sexual abuse were more resilient and reported less intense negative emotional reactions to socio-environmental stress. A similar pattern was evident for threat anticipation.ConclusionsElevated sensitivity and lack of resilience to socio-environmental stress and enhanced threat anticipation in daily life may be important psychological processes underlying the association between childhood sexual abuse and psychosis.

scholarly journals Affective and psychotic reactivity to daily-life stress in adults with 22q11DS: a study using the experience sampling method

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maude Schneider ◽  
Thomas Vaessen ◽  
Esther D. A. van Duin ◽  
Zuzana Kasanova ◽  
Wolfgang Viechtbauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Experience Sampling Method ◽  
Daily Hassles ◽  
Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Affective States

Abstract Background 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a genetic disorder associated with an increased risk of psychiatric disorders. Vulnerability for psychopathology has been related to an increased reactivity to stress. Here, we examined affective states, perceived stress, affective and psychotic reactivity to various sources of environmental stress using the experience sampling method (ESM), a structured diary technique allowing repeated assessments in the context of daily life. Methods Adults with 22q11DS (n = 31; age, 34.1 years) and matched healthy controls (HCs; n = 24; age, 39.9 years) were included. ESM was used to assess affective states, perceived stress, and stress reactivity. Data were analyzed using multilevel regression models. Results Adults with 22q11DS displayed overall higher levels of negative affect but comparable levels of positive affect compared to HCs. Higher levels of perceived stress were reported by individuals with 22q11DS. Comparable affective and psychotic reactivity in relation to all types of environmental stress was observed between the two groups. Conclusion The results point toward higher levels of negative affect and differences in the perception of daily hassles in 22q11DS but no difference in affective or psychotic reactivity to stress. This study contributes to the growing literature regarding the impact of stress on the development of psychopathology in the 22q11DS population.

scholarly journals Childhood abuse and psychotic experiences in adulthood: findings from a 35-year longitudinal study

2018 ◽  
Vol 214 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline J. Bell ◽  
James A. Foulds ◽  
L. John Horwood ◽  
Roger T. Mulder ◽  
Joseph M. Boden
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Exposure Group ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Time Dynamic ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundThe extent to which exposure to childhood sexual and physical abuse increases the risk of psychotic experiences in adulthood is currently unclear.AimsTo examine the relationship between childhood sexual and physical abuse and psychotic experiences in adulthood taking into account potential confounding and time-dynamic covariate factors.MethodData were from a cohort of 1265 participants studied from birth to 35 years. At ages 18 and 21, cohort members were questioned about childhood sexual and physical abuse. At ages 30 and 35, they were questioned about psychotic experiences (symptoms of abnormal thought and perception). Generalised estimating equation models investigated covariation of the association between abuse exposure and psychotic experiences including potential confounding factors in childhood (socioeconomic disadvantage, adverse family functioning) and time-dynamic covariate factors (mental health, substance use and life stress).ResultsData were available for 962 participants; 6.3% had been exposed to severe sexual abuse and 6.4% to severe physical abuse in childhood. After adjustment for confounding and time-dynamic covariate factors, those exposed to severe sexual abuse had rates of abnormal thought and abnormal perception symptoms that were 2.25 and 4.08 times higher, respectively than the ‘no exposure’ group. There were no significant associations between exposure to severe physical abuse and psychotic experiences.ConclusionsFindings indicate that exposure to severe childhood sexual (but not physical) abuse is independently associated with an increased risk of psychotic experiences in adulthood (particularly symptoms of abnormal perception) and this association could not be fully accounted for by confounding or time-dynamic covariate factors.Declaration of interestNone.

scholarly journals Childhood abuse and psychotic experiences – evidence for mediation by adulthood adverse life events

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (03) ◽  
pp. 300-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Bhavsar ◽  
J. Boydell ◽  
P. McGuire ◽  
V. Harris ◽  
M. Hotopf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Adverse Life Events ◽  
Specific Effects

Aims.We have previously reported an association between childhood abuse and psychotic experiences (PEs) in survey data from South East London. Childhood abuse is related to subsequent adulthood adversity, which could form one pathway to PEs. We aimed to investigate evidence of mediation of the association between childhood abuse and PEs by adverse life events.Methods.Data were analysed from the South East London Community Health Study (SELCoH,n= 1698). Estimates of the total effects on PEs of any physical or sexual abuse while growing up were partitioned into direct (i.e. unmediated) and indirect (total and specific) effects, mediatedviaviolent and non-violent life events.Results.There was strong statistical evidence for direct (OR 1.58, 95% CI: 1.19–2.1) and indirect (OR 1.51, 95% CI: 1.32–1.72) effects of childhood abuse on PEs after adjustment for potential confounders, indicating partial mediation of this effectviaviolent and non-violent life events. An estimated 47% of the total effect of abuse on PEs was mediatedviaadulthood adverse life events, of which violent life events made up 33% and non-violent life events the remaining 14%.Conclusions.The association between childhood abuse and PEs is partly mediated through the experience of adverse life events in adulthood. There is some evidence that a larger proportion of this effect was mediated through violent life events than non-violent life events.

scholarly journals Daily cortisol, stress reactivity and psychotic experiences in individuals at above average genetic risk for psychosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 2305-2315 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Collip ◽  
N. A. Nicolson ◽  
M. Lardinois ◽  
T. Lataster ◽  
J. van Os ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Cortisol Reactivity ◽  
Diurnal Cortisol ◽  
Hpa Axis Activity

BackgroundHypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis abnormalities have been found in patients with a psychotic disorder and first-degree relatives of patients with a psychotic disorder react with subtle increases in non-clinical psychotic experiences and negative emotions in the face of everyday stress. The current study investigated whether HPA axis functioning is altered in individuals at above average genetic risk for psychotic disorder, examining diurnal cortisol profiles, cortisol reactivity to daily stressors and the association between HPA axis activity and subclinical psychotic experiences.MethodParticipants included siblings of patients with a psychotic disorder (n=60) and a healthy comparison group (n=63). The Experience Sampling Method (a structured diary technique) was employed to assess stress, psychotic experiences, negative affect and salivary cortisol repeatedly in the flow of daily life.ResultsMulti-level analyses revealed higher diurnal cortisol levels and heightened cortisol reactivity to negative daily events in siblings compared with controls. Diurnal cortisol slope did not differ between the two groups, but momentary increases in psychotic experiences and negative affect were associated with increased cortisol in the sibling group.ConclusionsFindings support altered HPA axis activity in individuals at above average genetic risk for psychotic disorder, as evidenced by higher diurnal cortisol levels and increased cortisol reactivity to daily stress. Results also suggest a dynamic association between cortisol secretion and the intensity of psychotic-like experiences and negative emotions in daily life, although the direction of this association remains to be elucidated.

scholarly journals Stress reactivity as a putative mechanism linking childhood trauma with clinical outcomes in individuals at ultra-high-risk for psychosis: Findings from the EU-GEI High Risk Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Paetzold ◽  
I. Myin-Germeys ◽  
A. Schick ◽  
B. Nelson ◽  
E. Velthorst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Ultra High Risk ◽  
Putative Mechanism ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Aims Childhood trauma is associated with an elevated risk for psychosis, but the psychological mechanisms involved remain largely unclear. This study aimed to investigate emotional and psychotic stress reactivity in daily life as a putative mechanism linking childhood trauma and clinical outcomes in individuals at ultra-high-risk (UHR) for psychosis. Methods Experience sampling methodology was used to measure momentary stress, affect and psychotic experiences in the daily life of N = 79 UHR individuals in the EU-GEI High Risk Study. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire was used to assess self-reported childhood trauma. Clinical outcomes were assessed at baseline, 1- and 2-year follow-up. Results The association of stress with positive (β = −0.14, p = 0.010) and negative affect (β = 0.11, p = 0.020) was modified by transition status such that stress reactivity was greater in individuals who transitioned to psychosis. Moreover, the association of stress with negative affect (β = 0.06, p = 0.019) and psychotic experiences (β = 0.05, p = 0.037) was greater in individuals exposed to high v. low levels of childhood trauma. We also found evidence that decreased positive affect in response to stress was associated with reduced functioning at 1-year follow-up (B = 6.29, p = 0.034). In addition, there was evidence that the association of childhood trauma with poor functional outcomes was mediated by stress reactivity (e.g. indirect effect: B = −2.13, p = 0.026), but no evidence that stress reactivity mediated the association between childhood trauma and transition (e.g. indirect effect: B = 0.14, p = 0.506). Conclusions Emotional and psychotic stress reactivity may be potential mechanisms linking childhood trauma with clinical outcomes in UHR individuals.

scholarly journals Stress reactivity as a putative mechanism linking childhood trauma with clinical outcomes in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis: Findings from the EU-GEI High Risk Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabell Pätzold ◽  
Inez Myin-Germeys ◽  
Anita Schick ◽  
Barnaby Nelson ◽  
Eva Velthorst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Ultra High Risk ◽  
Putative Mechanism ◽  
The Eu

Childhood trauma is associated with an elevated risk for psychosis, but the psychological mechanisms involved remain largely unclear. This study aimed to investigate emotional and psychotic stress reactivity in daily life as a putative mechanism linking childhood trauma and clinical outcomes in individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis. Experience sampling methodology was used to measure momentary stress, affect and psychotic experiences in the daily life of N=79 UHR individuals in the EU-GEI High Risk study. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire was used to assess self-reported childhood trauma. Clinical outcomes were assessed at baseline, 1- and 2-year follow-up. The association of stress with positive (β=-0.14, P=.010) and negative affect (β=0.11, P=.020) was modified by transition status such that stress reactivity was greater in individuals who transitioned to psychosis. Moreover, the association of stress with negative affect (β=0.06, P=.019) and psychotic experiences (β=0.05, P=.037) was greater in individuals exposed to high vs. low levels of childhood trauma. We also found evidence that decreased positive affect in response to stress was associated with reduced functioning at 1-year follow-up (B=6.29, P=.034). In addition, there was evidence that the association of childhood trauma with poor functional outcomes was mediated by stress reactivity (e.g. Bindirect effect =-2.13, P=.026), but no evidence that stress reactivity mediated the association between childhood trauma and transition (e.g. Bindirect effect=0.14, P=.506). Emotional and psychotic stress reactivity may be potential mechanisms linking childhood trauma with clinical outcomes in UHR individuals.

Variability in Sleep is Associated with Trait-Based and Daily Measures of Bipolar Spectrum Psychopathology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Havens Sperry ◽  
Thomas Richard Kwapil
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Subsyndromal Symptoms

Introduction: Although sleep disturbances are well documented in bipolar spectrum disorders (BSDs), significantly less research has examined whether these disturbances are present in those at risk for developing BSDs or with subsyndromal symptoms. The present study examined associations between risk for BSDs, as measured by the Hypomanic Personality Scale (HPS), and sleep assessed using experience sampling. We assessed whether intraindividual variability in sleep was associations with affect, cognition, and behavior in daily life and potential directionality of these relationships. Methods: 233 young adults oversampled for high scores on the HPS completed 14 days of experience sampling assessing total sleep time (TST), bed/rise time, sleep quality, affect (negative and positive affect), cognition (difficulty concentrating, racing thoughts), and behavior (impulsivity) in daily life. We used Dynamic Structural Equation Modeling (DSEM) to assess within-person links between sleep and bipolar spectrum psychopathology. Results: HPS scores were associated with less TST, later bedtime, and more variable TST and bedtime. Variability in TST was associated with negative affect, difficulty concentrating/racing thoughts, and impulsivity. Within-person decreases in sleep were associated with next day increases in negative affect, stress, difficulty concentrating, and racing thoughts. Limitations: Measurement of sleep was limited. Future studies should examine both objective measures of sleep (e.g., actigraphy) and fragmentation in sleep. Conclusions: Risk for BSD was associated with similar patterns of sleep disruptions as seen in BSDs. Important dynamic links between sleep and bipolar spectrum psychopathology emerged indicating that sleep is an important target for improving symptoms of BSDs in daily life.

scholarly journals Childhood abuse in the etiological continuum underlying psychosis from first-episode psychosis to psychotic experiences

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Alemany ◽  
R. Ayesa-Arriola ◽  
B. Arias ◽  
M. Fatjó-Vilas ◽  
M.I. Ibáñez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
Self Report ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Subclinical Psychosis ◽  
The Continuum

AbstractGoal:The present study aimed to examine the prevalence of child abuse across the continuum of psychosis.Patients and methods:The sample consisted of 198 individuals divided in three groups: (1) 48 FEP patients, (2) 77 individuals scoring high in Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE), classified as “High CAPE” group and (3) 73 individuals scoring low, classified as “Low CAPE” group. Childhood abuse was assessed using self-report instruments. Chi2 tests and logistic regression models controlling by sex, age and cannabis were used to perform three comparisons: (i) FEP vs. Low CAPE; (ii) FEP vs. High CAPE and (iii) High CAPE vs. Low CAPE.Results:The frequency of individuals exposed to childhood abuse for FEP, High CAPE and Low CAPE groups were 52.1%, 41.6% and 11%, respectively. FEP and High CAPE group presented significantly higher rates of childhood abuse compared to Low CAPE group, however, no significant differences were found between FEP and High CAPE groups regarding the frequency of childhood abuse.Conclusion:There is an increasing frequency of childhood abuse from low subclinical psychosis to FEP patients. However, childhood abuse is equally common in FEP and at risk individuals.

scholarly journals Sense of Abundance is Associated with Momentary Positive and Negative Affect: An Experience Sampling Study of Trait Gratitude in Daily Life

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2229-2236
Author(s):  
Marianne Simons ◽  
Johan Lataster ◽  
Sanne Peeters ◽  
Jennifer Reijnders ◽  
Mayke Janssens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Affective Processing ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Trait Gratitude

Abstract Results are reported from a study examining the association between subdimensions of trait gratitude (appreciation of others, sense of abundance, and simple appreciation, SGRAT, Thomas and Watkins 2003) and daily life affective processing, in order to respond to the acknowledged need for further research on how trait gratitude may contribute to our well-being. Using experience sampling methodology actual momentary experiences of positive and negative affect were measured on 7 consecutive days in a sample of 106 respondents (63 women and 43 men, varying in age from 18 to 65 years). Multilevel regression analyses revealed that only sense of abundance was significantly associated with momentary experiences of positive affect (positive association) and negative affect (negative association) in daily life. Our findings add to the theoretical understanding of the underlying pathway of the association between trait gratitude and well-being and provide a practical starting point for gratitude interventions.

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