Association of psychiatric comorbidities with the risk of transport accidents in ADHD and MPH

Abstract Aims Although the relationship between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and transport accidents has been shown, there is limited information on the relationship between medication and dose–response effects and transport accident risk. This study aims to determine whether young people with ADHD, including adolescents, are more prone to transport accidents than those without, and the extent to which methylphenidate (MPH) prescription in these patients reduces the risk. Methods We identified 114 486 patients diagnosed with ADHD from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database from 1997 to 2013. Using a Cox regression model, we compared the risk of transport accidents between ADHD and non-ADHD groups and estimated the effect of MPH on accidents. Furthermore, we applied a self-control case-series analysis to compare the risk of accidents during the medication periods with the same patients' non-medication periods. Results Male ADHD patients had a higher risk of transport accidents than non-ADHD individuals (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.24, [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10–1.39]), especially for those comorbid with epilepsy, oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder (ODD/CD), and intellectual disabilities (ID). Female ADHD patients showed no relationship, except for comorbid with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or ID. We found a reduced risk of transport accidents in patients with ADHD with MPH medication than those without MPH, with a plausible dose–response relationship (aHR of 0.23 to 0.07). A similar pattern was found in self-controlled case-series analysis. Conclusions Male patients with ADHD, especially those comorbid with epilepsy, ODD/CD, or ID, were at high risk of transport accidents. Female patients, when comorbid with ASD or ID, also exhibited a higher risk of accidents. MPH treatment lowered the accident risk with a dose–response relationship.

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Underestimation of Dose - Response Relationship with Particular Reference to the Relationship between the Dietary Intake of Mercury and its Concentration in Blood

Human Toxicology ◽

10.1177/096032718800700204 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 129-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

J.C. Sherlock ◽

M.J. Quinn

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Dose Response ◽

Mercury Concentration ◽

Response Relationship ◽

Dose Response Relationship ◽

Blood Mercury ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Blood Mercury Concentration

Wide discrepancies have been observed between controlled and uncontrolled intake studies of the relationship of blood mercury concentration to intake of mercury. The probable reason for the apparent discrepancies is that the within-subject variation of mercury intake in the uncontrolled studies was almost certainly considerably larger than the within-subject variation in blood mercury concentration; in these circumstances, the apparent slope obtained from a linear regression of blood mercury on intake will invariably be much smaller than the true slope. Studies of the exposure or intake of any substance should therefore include a consideration of the likely within-subject variation in the exposure or intake relative to that in the effect.

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Oral Artesunate Dose-Response Relationship in Acute Falciparum Malaria

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.46.3.778-782.2002 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 778-782 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Brian J. Angus ◽

Itaporn Thaiaporn ◽

Kenechanh Chanthapadith ◽

Yupin Suputtamongkol ◽

Nicholas J. White

Keyword(s):

Falciparum Malaria ◽

Dose Response ◽

Parasite Clearance ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Maximum Effect ◽

Response Relationship ◽

Dose Response Relationship ◽

To Receive ◽

The Relationship

ABSTRACT The combination of an oral artemisinin derivative (usually artesunate) and mefloquine has become standard treatment for multidrug-resistant falciparum malaria in several parts of Southeast Asia. The doses of artesunate used in monotherapy and combination treatment have largely been derived empirically. In order to characterize the in vivo dose-response relationship for artesunate and thus rationalize dosing, 47 adult patients with acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria and parasitemia ≥1% were randomized to receive a single oral dose of artesunate varying between 0 and 250 mg together with a curative dose of oral mefloquine. Acceleration of parasite clearance was used as the pharmacodynamic variable. An inhibitory sigmoidal maximum effect (E max) pharmacodynamic model typical of a dose-response curve was fitted to the relationship between dose and shortening of parasite clearance time (PCT). The E max was estimated as 28.6 oral h, and the 50% effective concentration was 1.6 mg/kg of body weight. These results imply that there is no reduction in PCTs with the use of single doses of artesunate higher than 2 mg/kg, and this therefore reflects the average lower limit of the maximally effective dose.

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The level of bilirubin and the risk of ischemic stroke: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of real-world studies

10.21203/rs.2.15743/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xiao Wang ◽

Yang Zhou ◽

Xiaofei Ye ◽

Fangchen Liu ◽

Xi Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Dose Response ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Serum Total Bilirubin ◽

Response Relationship ◽

Dose Response Relationship ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background: Bilirubin, a marker of hepatic and hematological diseases in clinical practice, is not only a waste end-product but also an antioxidant that may protect against diseases associated with oxidative stress. Numerous epidemiological studies have shown an inverse relationship between the serum total bilirubin (TBIL) level and the risk of ischemic stroke (IS). However, markedly elevated TBIL levels may exert neurotoxic effects. Based on this, we conducted a dose-response meta-analysis to quantify the relationship between blood TBIL and IS as well as between TBIL and all types of stroke (AS) in the physiological range of bilirubin.Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central databases were searched up to March 2019. Additional studies were identified by reviewing references and contacting authors. Categorical and dose-response meta-analyses were performed to quantify the relationship between TBIL and IS. The primary outcome was ischemic stroke, and the secondary outcome was all types of stroke.Results: Nine observational studies (seven publications) involving 110,032 participants and 3710 stroke cases were included for analysis. The average OR of IS for every 1 µmol/L increment in TBIL level was 0.978 (95% CI: 0.957–0.999). The summary OR of AS for every 1 µmol/L increment in TBIL level was 0.974 (95% CI: 0.956–0.992). Subgroup analysis based on gender showed a negative dose-response relationship between the circulating TBIL level and IS or AS in males, but not in females.Conclusions: The present study found a negative dose-response relationship between the circulating TBIL level and the risk of IS or AS within physiologic range of serum TBIL in males. Moderately elevated blood TBIL levels might be associated with a diminished prevalence of IS. Every 1 µmol/L increment in serum TBIL level was associated with a 2.2% decrease in the risk of IS and a 2.6% decrease in the risk of AS. However, due to the limitations in the number of included studies and their quality, large-scaled prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm the conclusion of the current analysis.Trial registration: This study was registered at PROSPERO (https://www.crd. york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/[CRD42017075988]).

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Aggressive incidents in psychiatric hospitals on heat days

BJPsych Open ◽

10.1192/bjo.2021.33 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Frank Eisele ◽

Erich Flammer ◽

Tilman Steinert ◽

Hans Knoblauch

Keyword(s):

Global Warming ◽

Dose Response ◽

Aggressive Behaviour ◽

Psychiatric Patients ◽

Psychiatric Hospitals ◽

Patient Treatment ◽

Response Relationship ◽

Dose Response Relationship ◽

Increasing Temperature ◽

The Relationship

This study explores the relationship between temperature and the number of aggressive incidents and coercive interventions in the years 2007–2019 in six psychiatric hospitals in the south of the Germany with a total of 1007 beds. The number of aggressive incidents among 164 435 admissions was significantly higher on ‘heat days’ (≥30°C). Furthermore, there was a dose–response relationship between the number of aggressive incidents and increasing temperature. In contrast, the number of coercive interventions was not related to temperature. Considering the background of global warming, rising temperature could result in more frequent aggressive behaviour during in-patient treatment of psychiatric patients.

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Evaluation of the Validity of a Nonlinear J-Shaped Dose-Response Relationship in Cancers Induced by Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields

Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering ◽

10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.771 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

S. M. J Mortazavi ◽

S. A. R Mortazavi ◽

M Haghani

Keyword(s):

Electromagnetic Fields ◽

Mobile Phones ◽

Dose Response ◽

Brain Cancer ◽

Current Data ◽

International Agency ◽

Response Relationship ◽

Dose Response Relationship ◽

Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields ◽

The Relationship

The radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) produced by widely used mobile phones are classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Current data on the relationship between exposure to RF-EMFs generated by commercial mobile phones and brain cancer are controversial. Our studies show that this controversy may be caused by several parameters. However, it seems that the magnitude of exposure to RF-EMFs plays a basic role in RF-induced carcinogenesis. There is some evidence indicating that, in a similar pattern with ionizing radiation, the carcinogenesis of non-ionizing RF-EMF may have a nonlinear dose-response relationship. In this paper, the evidence which supports a nonlinear J-shaped dose-response relationship is discussed.

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The level of Bilirubin and the risk of ischemic stroke: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of real-world studies

10.21203/rs.2.15743/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Xiao Wang ◽

Yang Zhou ◽

Xiaofei Ye ◽

Fangchen Liu ◽

Xi Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Dose Response ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Serum Total Bilirubin ◽

Response Relationship ◽

Dose Response Relationship ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background: Bilirubin, a marker of hepatic and hematological diseases in clinical practice, is not only a waste end-product but also an antioxidant that may protect against diseases associated with oxidative stress. Numerous epidemiological studies have shown an inverse relationship between the serum total bilirubin (TB) level and the risk of ischemic stroke (IS). However, markedly elevated TB levels may exert neurotoxic effects. Based on this, we conducted a dose-response meta-analysis to quantify the relationship between blood TB and IS as well as between TB and all types of stroke (AS) in the physiological range of bilirubin.Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central databases were searched up to March 2019. Additional studies were identified by reviewing references and contacting authors. Categorical and dose-response meta-analyses were performed to quantify the relationship between TB and IS. The primary outcome was ischemic stroke, and the secondary outcome was all types of stroke.Results: Nine observational studies (seven publications) involving 110,032 participants and 3710 stroke cases were included for analysis. The average OR of IS for every 1 µmol/L increment in TB level was 0.978 (95%CI: 0.957–0.999). The summary OR of AS for every 1 µmol/L increment in TB level was 0.974 (95%CI: 0.956–0.992). Subgroup analysis based on gender showed a negative dose-response relationship between the circulating TB level and IS or AS in males, but not in females.Conclusions: The present study indicates a negative dose-response relationship between the circulating TB level and the risk of IS or AS within physiologic range of serum TB in males. Moderately elevated blood TB levels were associated with a diminished prevalence of IS. Every 1 µmol/L increment in serum TB level was associated with a 2.2% decrease in the risk of IS and a 2.6% decrease in the risk of AS. Large-scaled prospective studies are needed to confirm the conclusion of the current analysis.Trial registration: This study was registered at PROSPERO(https://www.crd. york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/[CRD42017075988]).

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Lifetime Cadmium Exposure and Mortality for Renal Diseases in Residents of the Cadmium-Polluted Kakehashi River Basin in Japan

Toxics ◽

10.3390/toxics8040081 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 81

Author(s):

Muneko Nishijo ◽

Kazuhiro Nogawa ◽

Yasushi Suwazono ◽

Teruhiko Kido ◽

Masaru Sakurai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renal Failure ◽

River Basin ◽

Dose Response ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Renal Diseases ◽

Response Relationship ◽

Dose Response Relationship ◽

Mortality Risks ◽

The Relationship ◽

Kakehashi River Basin

Very few studies have investigated the dose–response relationship between external cadmium (Cd) exposure and mortality. We aim to investigate the relationship between lifetime Cd intake (LCd) and mortality in the Cd-polluted Kakehashi River basin in Japan. Mortality risk ratios for a unit of increase of LCd and urinary Cd were analyzed using Cox’s proportional model. LCd was estimated based on residency and Cd in rice produced in their living areas. In men, mortality for all causes was significantly increased for a 10-μg/g Cr increase in urinary Cd, but not for a 1-g increase in LCd. In women, mortality risks for all causes and renal diseases, particularly renal failure, were significantly increased for a 10-μg/g Cr increase in urinary Cd. Similarly, mortality risks for renal diseases and renal failure were significantly increased for a 1-g increase of LCd in women. Comparing the contribution of two exposure markers to increased mortality in women, LCd was more effective for increasing mortality risks for renal diseases and renal failure, while urinary Cd contributed more to increased mortality risk for all causes. LCd may show a better dose–response relationship with mortality risk for renal diseases in women.

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Dose-Response-Relationship between Number of Laser Burns and IOP Reduction in Cyclophotocoagulation: An Animal Study

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/983102 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Lars Wagenfeld ◽

Hendrik Schwarzer ◽

Gernot Roessler ◽

Maren Klemm ◽

Christos Skevas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Animal Model ◽

Intraocular Pressure ◽

Animal Study ◽

Dose Response ◽

Complex Relationship ◽

Response Relationship ◽

Single Session ◽

Dose Response Relationship ◽

Burn Treatment ◽

The Relationship

Purpose. The relationship between number of laser burns of cyclophotocoagulation (CPC) and intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction is unknown. This animal model was established to reveal a possible dose-response-relationship between the number of applied laser burns and the IOP lowering effect.Methods. 30 chinchilla bastard rabbits were divided into 5 groups and treated with either 1, 5, 10, 20, or 30 CPC burns, respectively. IOP was followed up for 1 week. IOP reduction of a single 30-burn treatment was compared with a fractionated treatment (three sessions; one week in between; 10 burns/session).Results. IOP reduction increases nonlinearly with the number of CPC burns (max.-6.1±1.4 mmHg). Fractionated treatment shows similar IOP reduction with less complications and more constant results compared to single session treatment.Conclusions. The study reveals a complex relationship between IOP reduction and the number of CPC burns. Fractionated CPC gives comparable IOP reduction at a higher degree of safety.

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A SUBCUTANEOUS INJECTION ASSAY FOR ANTI-ANDROGENS IN THE CHICK

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0410268 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 268-273 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ralph I. Dorfman

Keyword(s):

Dose Response ◽

Subcutaneous Injection ◽

Response Relationship ◽

Dose Response Relationship

ABSTRACT The stimulating action of testosterone on the chick's comb can be inhibited by the subcutaneous injection of 0.1 mg of norethisterone or Ro 2-7239 (2-acetyl-7-oxo-1,2,3,4,4a,4b,5,6,7,9,10,10a-dodecahydrophenanthrene), 0.5 mg of cortisol or progesterone, and by 4.5 mg of Mer-25 (1-(p-2-diethylaminoethoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-2-p-methoxyphenyl ethanol). No dose response relationship could be established. Norethisterone was the most active anti-androgen by this test.

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