scholarly journals A Budget of Paradoxes (Continued from p. 232)

1865 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 294-301
Author(s):  
A. De Morgan
Keyword(s):  
French And English ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Country Town

Demonville.—A Frenchman's Christian name is his own secret, unless there be two of the surname. M. Demonville is a very good instance of the difference between a French and English discoverer. In England there is a public to listen to discoveries in mathematical subjects made without mathematics: a public which will hear, and wonder, and think it possible that the pretensions of the discoverer have some foundation. The unnoticed man may possibly be right: and the old country-town reputation which I once heard of, attaching to a man who “had written a book about the signs of the zodiac which all the philosophers in London could not answer,” is fame as far it goes. Accordingly, we have plenty of discoverers, who, even in astronomy, pronounce the learned in error because of mathematics.

Voltaire, F. R. S

1951 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-252
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Friend ◽  
Isaac Newton ◽  
French And English ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Many ◽  
Ways Of Life

Of all the many impressions that Voltaire gained from his stay in England, the most profound and lasting were those caused by the burial of an actress and of a scientist in Westminster Abbey. The actress was Mrs Oldfield, and the man of science, Isaac Newton. The difference between the French and English ways of life at that time were accentuated for Voltaire by the fact that the French actress Adrienne Lecouvreur, to whom the clergy of Paris denied Christian burial, was his intimate friend. It was in her box at the Comedie Frangaise that the scene occurred between Voltaire and the Chevalier de Rohan. Shortly afterwards Voltaire was assaulted in the street by the Chevalier’s lackeys and belaboured with sticks. Insult was then added to injury by Voltaire’s imprisonment in the Bastille on 28 March 1726, at the Chevalier’s behest. Voltaire’s release on the following 2 May was conditional on his departure for England, where he arrived later in that month. And it was shortly after his return to France that Adrienne Lecouvreur died on 20 March 1730.

scholarly journals Wanting to be wanted: a comparative study of incidence and severity in indirect complaint on the part of French and English language teaching assistants

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT CRAWSHAW ◽  
JONATHAN CULPEPER ◽  
JULIA HARRISON
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Teaching Assistants ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
English Language Teaching ◽  
Retrospective Reports ◽  
French And English ◽  
Funded Project ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Linguistic Behaviour

ABSTRACTUsing data from the ESRC funded project Pragmatics and Intercultural Communication (PIC), this paper applies contrastive quantitative and qualitative analysis to data derived from oral statements, logbooks and retrospective reports by language teaching assistants in France and England. The data concerns their ‘rapport’ (Spencer-Oatey, 2003; 2005) with the members of staff responsible for their professional supervision and the paper assesses complaint behaviour across the two national groups. Basing our study on computer recorded discourse segments taxonomically codified as ‘negative assessment’, we show that the incidence of ‘indirect’ complaint (Boxer, 1993) is significantly higher among English assistants than among their French counterparts. A revised model for measuring ‘severity’ (House and Kasper, 1981; Olshtain and Weinbach, 1993) is applied to the data using corpus linguistic techniques. Its findings demonstrate that English assistants also complain more ‘severely’ than their French peers. Nevertheless, the difference in linguistic behaviour between individuals within each group is shown to be greater than that between the two national groups, implying that personality is a stronger determinant of cultural outlook than nationality.

The Difference Between Epileptic Auras and Migrainous Auras in the 19th Century

Cephalalgia ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 1378-1385
Author(s):  
E Lardreau
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
International Headache Society ◽  
Similar Process ◽  
French And English ◽  
English Medical Literature ◽  
The Difference ◽  
International Headache Society Classification ◽  
Tactile Sensations ◽  
The 19Th Century

In the International Headache Society classification of headaches, the concept of aura is given a key role. It serves as a boundary between ‘migraine without aura’ and ‘migraine with aura’. Historically, the concept of an aura was borrowed from the epilepsy vocabulary; a borrowing that took place in English medicine at the beginning of the 19th century and in French medicine in the mid-19th century. It would therefore be interesting to see which features of the epileptic aura are used to explain the migraine aura. Based on the French and English medical literature of the 19th century, two processes have been reviewed: (i) the emergence of the concept of aura, and (ii) the modifications of this concept throughout the 19th century. It appears that the original medical use of the term ‘aura’ as a set of rising tactile sensations was in use from the 2nd century until late in the 19th century, but then various other symptoms were recognized and the aura gradually became accepted as an early part of the seizure. By the end of the 19th century the aura that preceded a migraine was seen as a similar process, and thought of as part of the migraine sequence.

What's the difference between ‘toilet paper’ and ‘paper toilet’? French-English bilingual children's crosslinguistic transfer in compound nouns

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 843-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELENA NICOLADIS
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Language Dominance ◽  
Toilet Paper ◽  
English Bilingual ◽  
Compound Nouns ◽  
French And English ◽  
Theory Of Language ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Shed Light

Bilingual acquisition can shed light on the cues children use in acquiring language. The purpose of this paper was to examine whether frequency, ambiguity or language dominance could explain crosslinguistic transfer in compound nouns. Crosslinguistic transfer would appear in the form of compound reversals. 25 monolingual English children between the ages of three and four years and 25 age-matched French-English bilingual children were asked to create and indicate their understanding of novel compound nouns. In production, the bilingual children reversed compounds in English more often than the monolingual children but equally often in French and English. In comprehension, there were no differences between groups. These results cannot be explained by any previous explanation of transfer. Implications for the theory of language acquisition are discussed.

scholarly journals Social beliefs for the realization of the speech acts of apology and complaint as defined in Ciluba, French, and English

Pragmatics ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kashama Mulamba
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
First Language ◽  
Social Beliefs ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
Speech Communities ◽  
French And English ◽  
The Difference

Most cross-linguistic studies of speech acts have dealt mainly with two languages, a native language and a second or foreign language (Carrell and Konneker 1981; Castello 1981; Blum-Kulka 1982; Daikuhura 1986; Eisenstein 1986; Wieland 1989; Chen Rong 1993, 2001; Sifianou 2001; Lee 2004, 2005). Neither have they dealt with an African language as the first language. The present study investigates a multilingual situation where the native speakers of Ciluba, French, and English are compared to the trilingual speakers of the three languages in terms of the realization of the speech acts of apologizing and complaining. It considers the social beliefs of the subjects of the four language groups for the realization of the two speech acts. The study is part of a larger study that was designed to discover the norms of the three languages under investigation and to see how people speaking a second and a foreign language, with different levels of fluency in each, can participate in the activity of the speech communities of the two languages without violating their socio-cultural norms, and what impact, if any, their knowledge of these languages has on each of the languages they speak. Data for the larger study was collected by means of a written questionnaire, role plays, and direct observation. The data and results presented and discussed in this paper come from the written questionnaire administered to the monolingual English and French speakers and trilingual speakers native in Ciluba; and from the same version of the questionnaire administered orally to the monolingual Ciluba speakers. It was found that for the realization of the speech acts of apologizing and complaining, Luba socio-cultural beliefs were different from those of English and French, which are similar. In contrast to French and English, in Ciluba social distance and relative power between the participants play an important role in deciding whether the speech acts can be performed or not. The results also revealed that, despite the difference which exists between Ciluba and the other two languages, i.e., French and English, some subjects from the group of Ciluba monolingual subjects showed some similarities with the groups of French and English monolingual subjects in their responses to some items in the questionnaire. This deviation of some of the native speakers of Ciluba from their social beliefs was hypothesized to be a result of their contact with an urban environment and its mixed culture.

scholarly journals Music to Your Ears

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-508
Author(s):  
Tamara Rathcke ◽  
Simone Falk ◽  
Simone Dalla Bella
Keyword(s):  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Native Languages ◽  
Phonological Structure ◽  
French And English ◽  
Processing Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

Listeners usually have no difficulties telling the difference between speech and song. Yet when a spoken phrase is repeated several times, they often report a perceptual transformation that turns speech into song. There is a great deal of variability in the perception of the speech-to-song illusion (STS). It may result partly from linguistic properties of spoken phrases and be partly due to the individual processing difference of listeners exposed to STS. To date, existing evidence is insufficient to predict who is most likely to experience the transformation, and which sentences may be more conducive to the transformation once spoken repeatedly. The present study investigates these questions with French and English listeners, testing the hypothesis that the transformation is achieved by means of functional re-evaluation of phrasal prosody during repetition. Such prosodic re-analysis places demands on the phonological structure of sentences and language proficiency of listeners. Two experiments show that STS is facilitated in high-sonority sentences and in listeners’ non-native languages and support the hypothesis that STS involves a switch between musical and linguistic perception modes.

The Origin of the Moon

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Ruskol
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Solar System ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Origin Of The Moon

The difference between average densities of the Moon and Earth was interpreted in the preceding report by Professor H. Urey as indicating a difference in their chemical composition. Therefore, Urey assumes the Moon's formation to have taken place far away from the Earth, under conditions differing substantially from the conditions of Earth's formation. In such a case, the Earth should have captured the Moon. As is admitted by Professor Urey himself, such a capture is a very improbable event. In addition, an assumption that the “lunar” dimensions were representative of protoplanetary bodies in the entire solar system encounters great difficulties.

Influence of Cell Wall Composition on the Fossilisation of Bacteria and the Implications for the Search for Early Life Forms

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 491-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Westall
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Cation Binding ◽  
Positive Bacterium ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Hydrothermal Sediments ◽  
Identification Of Bacteria ◽  
The Difference

AbstractThe oldest cell-like structures on Earth are preserved in silicified lagoonal, shallow sea or hydrothermal sediments, such as some Archean formations in Western Australia and South Africa. Previous studies concentrated on the search for organic fossils in Archean rocks. Observations of silicified bacteria (as silica minerals) are scarce for both the Precambrian and the Phanerozoic, but reports of mineral bacteria finds, in general, are increasing. The problems associated with the identification of authentic fossil bacteria and, if possible, closer identification of bacteria type can, in part, be overcome by experimental fossilisation studies. These have shown that not all bacteria fossilise in the same way and, indeed, some seem to be very resistent to fossilisation. This paper deals with a transmission electron microscope investigation of the silicification of four species of bacteria commonly found in the environment. The Gram positiveBacillus laterosporusand its spore produced a robust, durable crust upon silicification, whereas the Gram negativePseudomonas fluorescens, Ps. vesicularis, andPs. acidovoranspresented delicately preserved walls. The greater amount of peptidoglycan, containing abundant metal cation binding sites, in the cell wall of the Gram positive bacterium, probably accounts for the difference in the mode of fossilisation. The Gram positive bacteria are, therefore, probably most likely to be preserved in the terrestrial and extraterrestrial rock record.

Structuring, Motions and Shapes of Corona Emission Line Profiles

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 421-426
Author(s):  
N. F. Tyagun
Keyword(s):  
Emission Line ◽  
Filling Factor ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Coronal Plasma ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Line Profiles ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Yellow Line ◽  
Red Line

AbstractThe interrelationship of half-widths and intensities for the red, green and yellow lines is considered. This is a direct relationship for the green and yellow line and an inverse one for the red line. The difference in the relationships of half-widths and intensities for different lines appears to be due to substantially dissimilar structuring and to a set of line-of-sight motions in ”hot“ and ”cold“ corona regions.When diagnosing the coronal plasma, one cannot neglect the filling factor - each line has such a factor of its own.

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