Ripple Effects of Surface Acting: A Diary Study among Dual-Earner Couples

AbstractThis study among 80 dual-earner couples examines the ripple effects of emotional labour – on a daily basis. Specifically, we propose that employees who engage in surface acting at work drain their energetic resources, and undermine their own relationship satisfaction. Drawing upon conservation of resources (COR) theory, we predicted that work-related exhaustion would mediate the relationship between surface acting at work and at home. In addition, we hypothesized that employees’ emotional energy in the evening would mediate the relationship between surface acting at home and (actor and partner) satisfaction with the relationship. Participants filled in a survey and a diary booklet during five consecutive working days (N = 80 couples, N = 160 participants x 5 days, N = 800 occasions). The hypotheses were tested with multilevel analyses, using the actor–partner interdependence model. Results showed that daily work-related exhaustion partially mediated the relationship between daily surface acting at work and at home. As hypothesized, daily surface acting at home influenced own and partner’s daily relationship satisfaction through reduced daily emotional energy. These findings offer support for COR theory, and have important implications for organizations that encourage emotion regulation.

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Emotional labour and successful ageing in the workplace among older Chinese employees

Ageing and Society ◽

10.1017/s0144686x12000414 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 1036-1051 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

FRANCIS CHEUNG ◽

ANISE M. S. WU

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Hong Kong Chinese ◽

Successful Ageing ◽

Surface Acting ◽

Emotional Labour ◽

Equation Modelling ◽

Chinese Workers ◽

Older Chinese ◽

The Relationship

ABSTRACTIn this study, we examined the relationship between emotional labour and successful ageing among older Hong Kong Chinese workers. We also investigated whether job satisfaction mediated the association between emotional labour and successful ageing in the workplace. Results show that deep acting was positively related to successful ageing in the workplace, whereas surface acting was negatively related to the same. Structural equation modelling shows that job satisfaction partially mediated the association between emotional labour and successful ageing in the workplace. The limitations of the study and further recommendations are also discussed.

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Women's Jobs and Family Adjustment

Journal of Family Issues ◽

10.1177/0192513x8100200202 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 126-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Chaya S. Piotrkowski ◽

Paul Crits-Christoph

Keyword(s):

Family Relations ◽

Job Security ◽

Occupational Prestige ◽

Paid Work ◽

Family Adjustment ◽

Work Lives ◽

Work Related ◽

Dual Earner ◽

Multiple Characteristics ◽

The Relationship

THIS study investigated the relationship between multiple characteristics of women's jobs and their family adjustment in a sample of 99 women in dual-earner families. Six work-related variables were considered simultaneously as predictors of family adjustment: intrinsic job gratification, satisfaction with job security, job-related mood, time spent at work, occupational prestige, and salary. The results were consistent with the hypothesis that women's paid work lives influence their family adjustment. Women's experiences of their work were significantly related to two of three measures of family adjustment. Salary was negatively associated with satisfaction with family relations for women in low-status occupations only. Time spent at work and occupational prestige showed no significant associations with reported adjustment. Of the three indicators of family adjustment, marital satisfaction appeared to be relatively immune from work influences. We hypothesized that the marital relationship may be less sensitive to women's paid work than are other aspects of their family relations.

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Benefits and Costs of Happy Entrepreneurs: The Dual Effect of Entrepreneurial Identity on Entrepreneurs' Subjective Well-Being

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.767164 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Hongtao Yang ◽

Lei Zhang ◽

Yenchun Jim Wu ◽

Hangyu Shi

Keyword(s):

Problem Solving ◽

On the Role of Mental Health Activities for Teachers’ Work and Life

Applied Research in Quality of Life ◽

10.1007/s11482-020-09885-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hanna Hofmann ◽

Daniel Groß ◽

Carl-Walter Kohlmann

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Well Being ◽

Positive Mental Health ◽

Conservation Of Resources ◽

Positive Functioning ◽

Female Age ◽

Work Related ◽

Healthy Work ◽

The Relationship

AbstractEveryday behavior is getting increasingly attention, both in the prevention of mental impairment and the promotion of mental health – within and beyond the work context. The present study aimed to identify the importance of mental health activities for well-being and positive functioning of teachers, while taking affectivity into account. Teachers are confronted with various stressors, and identifying predictors of teachers’ well-being and positive functioning is important, not only for teachers’ personal health, but also for their students’ well-being and achievement. Based on the Broaden and Build (B&B) theory and Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, we assumed that (1) the practice of mental health activities is associated with well-being (i.e., positive mental health) and positive functioning (i.e., healthy and unhealthy work-related behavior and experiences), and that (2) mental health activities mediate the association between affectivity and the respective outcomes. These assumptions were tested in a sample of 326 German teachers (75% female, age: M = 44, SD = 11.85). The practice of mental health activities was associated with more positive mental health, more healthy work-related behavior and experiences, and less unhealthy work-related behavior and experiences. Moreover, mental health activities partly explained the relationship between affectivity and the respective outcomes. The present findings indicate the potential of mental health activities for mental health promotion in teachers but future studies are recommended in order to establish causal effects.

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When Work Takes Over

Journal of Personnel Psychology ◽

10.1027/1866-5888/a000174 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 150-154 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bettina S. Wiese ◽

Heike Heidemeier ◽

Christian L. Burk ◽

Alexandra M. Freund

Keyword(s):

Emotional Labor ◽

Surface Acting ◽

Deep Acting ◽

Work Related ◽

Bank Employees ◽

At Home

Abstract. This study investigates whether two specific strategies of emotional labor (surface and deep acting) shown during client interactions are associated with work-related intrusions on thoughts outside of work. N = 157 bank employees provided reports of emotional labor and of work-related rumination at home on five consecutive workdays. Converging with expectations, we found that on days when surface acting was used, participants reported higher rumination. In contrast, deep acting had no significant association with work-related ruminations at home.

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Promoting Individual and Organizational OCBs: The Mediating Role of Work Engagement

Behavioral Sciences ◽

10.3390/bs10090138 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 138

Author(s):

Flavio Urbini ◽

Antonio Chirumbolo ◽

Antonino Callea

Keyword(s):

Social Exchange ◽

Work Engagement ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Conservation Of Resources ◽

Work Related ◽

Mediating Role ◽

State Of Mind ◽

Private And Public ◽

The Relationship

In today’s dynamic organizational environment, employees with a tendency to display discretional behaviors beyond their prescribed formal job duties represent a plus. Underpinned by the theories of social exchange and conservation of resources, these behaviors can be influenced by their level of job satisfaction (JS), defined as the extent to which employees like their work, and work engagement (WE), defined as a positive work-related state of mind. The present study investigates the mediating mechanism of WE in the relationship between JS and organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs), which refer to discretionary behaviors that could benefit an organization (OCBs-O) and/or its members (OCBs-I). The mediational hypothesis is examined using structural equation modeling (SEM) among 719 Italian private and public sector employees. The significance of total, direct, and indirect effects was tested via bootstrapping. The results showed that JS was positively related to WE, which, in turn, was positively related to both OCBs-I and OCBs-O. The SEM results supported the hypotheses: WE fully mediated the relationship between JS and OCBs-I, and it partially mediated the relationship between JS and OCBs-O. This study sheds new light on this mechanism. Consequently, it is useful for HRM policy. It also helps us to better understand how satisfied and engaged employees are willing to adopt positive organizational behaviors.

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Workplace Violence in Chinese Hospitals: The Effects of Healthcare Disturbance on the Psychological Well-Being of Chinese Healthcare Workers

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16193687 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (19) ◽

pp. 3687 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Nan Tang ◽

Louise E. Thomson

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Workplace Violence ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Online Survey ◽

Survey Methodology ◽

Well Being ◽

Healthcare Staff ◽

Surface Acting ◽

Emotional Labour ◽

The Relationship

Healthcare disturbance is a form of workplace violence against healthcare workers perpetrated by patients, their relatives, and gangs hired by them. It is a prevalent phenomenon in China, where evidence suggests that it impacts on the job satisfaction of healthcare workers. This study aims to examine the relationship between healthcare disturbance, surface acting as a response to emotional labour, and depressive symptoms in Chinese healthcare workers. The study adopted a cross-sectional design and used an online survey methodology. Data were collected from 418 doctors and nurses from one hospital in China. The results showed that frequency of healthcare disturbance was positively related to surface acting and depressive symptoms, respectively; surface acting was also positively related to depression, while deep acting showed no effect on symptoms of depression. Furthermore, surface acting in response to emotional labour mediated the relationship between healthcare disturbance and depressive symptoms. The results highlight the importance of preventing healthcare disturbance and of training healthcare staff in strategies for managing emotional demands in reducing depressive symptoms in Chinese healthcare staff.

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The Effect of Positive Psychological Capital on Emotional Labor

International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478) ◽

10.20525/ijrbs.v4i2.23 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 20-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Idil Tamer

Keyword(s):

Organizational Development ◽

Emotional Labor ◽

Psychological Capital ◽

Surface Acting ◽

Positive Psychological Capital ◽

Emotional Labour ◽

Modern Age ◽

High Degree ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

In modern age, positive psychological capital is as important as financial capital for organizational development and sustainability. Efficacy, hope, optimism, and resilience are the dimensions of positive psychological capital. Emotional labor is defined by Hochschild as control of self emotions at work by workers who have a high degree of contact with coworkers within the organization or with external clients, so as to create an expression, voice or body gesture which is acceptible to the clients. Emotional labor is analysized under three components: surface acting, deep acting and naturally felt emotions. This study is aimed to investigate the impact of positive psychological capital on emotional labor. So a research is conducted with the aim of exploring the relationship between the sub-dimensions of psychological capital and emotional labour.

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Impact of customer orientation on turnover intention: mediating role of emotional labour

International Journal of Organizational Analysis ◽

10.1108/ijoa-06-2017-1184 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. 909-927 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Xue Wu ◽

An-Jin Shie ◽

David Gordon

Keyword(s):

Turnover Intention ◽

Hospitality Industry ◽

Customer Orientation ◽

Job Demands ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Frontline Employees ◽

Surface Acting ◽

Content Type ◽

Emotional Labour ◽

The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the frontline employees’ emotional labour can illustrate the relationship between customer orientation (CO) and turnover intention in the hospitality industry. The study applies the job demands and resources (JD-R) theory to explain the relationship between variables in the proposed model. Design/methodology/approach The paper surveys a sample of 378 frontline employees in the hospitality industry. Findings The findings of this study show that the CO is strongly and positively associated with turnover intention. The three dimensions of emotional labour are all partially mediated with the relationship between CO and turnover intention. Research limitations/implications The limitations of this study include the sample came from seven five-star hotels in Beijing, China. This study used perceptual self-reported measures, which may generate exaggerated relationships among variables. These issues are addressed in the analysis. Practical implications First, the recruitment and selection of frontline employees should incorporate an assessment of the level of CO. Second, hospitality management should train employees in the proper control of emotional labour. Social implications Hospitality should make efforts to supply job resources, such as providing delicious food; more promotion opportunities; better training and recreation programs; more clarified job definitions; and position autonomy. Moreover, good interpersonal relationships, regular recreational activities and sharing working experiences with colleagues may be applied to cope with job demands. Originality/value This study is to explain the roles of the three dimensions of emotional labour (surface acting, genuine emotion and deep acting) in the relationship between CO and turnover intention. More specifically, this study demonstrates why hospitality employees with high (or low) CO have low (or high) levels of turnover intention applying the concept of emotional labour based on JD-R theory.

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Investigation of demographic characteristics and incidence of ocular injuries: a retrospective study

Health & Research Journal ◽

10.12681/healthresj.19298 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 234

Author(s):

Samira Agiant ◽

Christina Marvaki ◽

Ourania Govina ◽

Dimitris Papaconstantinou ◽

Andreas Diagourtas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Ocular Trauma ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Eye Injuries ◽

Work Related ◽

Gender And Age ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

At Home

Introduction: Ocular trauma is a common cause of visual reduction or loss and relates with a variety of demographic factors.Aim: Investigating the relationship of patients with eye injuries demographic data who were operated in a Public Hospital of the Attica Prefecture with place of accident, cause, classification and complications of trauma.Material and Methods: This is a retrospective study. The sample consisted of 219 patients with ocular trauma who underwent a surgical therapy. For data collection a specific registration form was used. Data analysis was performed with the statistical package Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) ver.22. Results: The relationship of gender and age of patients, with place of injury, classification and etiology of trauma was statistically significant (p <0.05). The 56.7% of women reported home related injuries, mainly due to falls, while 96.8% of men reported work related injuries. The mean age of those patients injured at home was 68.15 years, while at work was 42.79 years. Statistically significant was the relationship between nationality and the place of injury and complications (p<0.05). The 94% of Greek patients reported injury mainly at home, while the 25.8% of the foreigners reported injury at work, with post-traumatic endophthalmitis in 66.7% of them, mainly in rural areas. Conclusions: The investigation of relationship between the demographic data and ocular trauma is a challenge for the development of strategies prevention.

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