Long-Term Roughstalk Bluegrass Control in Creeping Bentgrass Fairways

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 714-723
Author(s):  
Sandeep S. Rana ◽  
Shawn D. Askew
Keyword(s):  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetative Index

Methiozolin is an isoxazoline herbicide that selectively controls annual bluegrass in cool-season turf and may control roughstalk bluegrass, another weedyPoaspecies that is problematic in many turfgrass systems. However, the majority of research to date is limited to evaluating methiozolin efficacy for annual bluegrass control in creeping bentgrass putting greens. Research was conducted comparing various application regimes of methiozolin and other herbicides for long-term roughstalk bluegrass control in creeping bentgrass golf fairways. Methiozolin-only treatments did not injure creeping bentgrass or reduce normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) at 2 golf course locations based on 20 evaluation dates over a 2.5-yr period. The 2.5-yr average turf quality generally declined as roughstalk bluegrass control increased due to transient turf cover loss. At 1 yr after last treatment, methiozolin at 1500 g ai ha-1applied four times in fall reduced roughstalk bluegrass cover 85%. This was equivalent to methiozolin at 1000 g ha-1applied four times in fall, but greater than low rates of methiozolin applied four times in spring or twice in fall and spring. Amicarbazone, primisulfuron, and bispyribac-sodium alone either did not effectively reduce roughstalk bluegrass cover, or did so at the expense of increased creeping bentgrass injury. Results of this study suggest that methiozolin alone or tank-mixed with amicarbazone or primisulfuron is an effective long-term approach for selectively controlling roughstalk bluegrass in creeping bentgrass.

Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) Golf Green Tolerance to Bispyribac-Sodium Tank-Mixed with Paclobutrazol

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Q. Moss ◽  
Xi Xiong ◽  
Kemin Su ◽  
Bishow P. Poudel ◽  
John B. Haguewood
Keyword(s):  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Agrostis Stolonifera ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Putting Green ◽  
Zone Field ◽  
Weekly Application

Annual bluegrass is a troublesome weed in golf course putting greens. The objective of this research was to evaluate creeping bentgrass putting green tolerance to bispyribac-sodium tank-mixed with paclobutrazol in the transition zone. Field trials with four replications were conducted in Oklahoma during 2009 and 2010 and in Missouri during 2010. The results of this study suggest that tank-mixing bispyribac-sodium with paclobutrazol may discolor creeping bentgrass putting greens but will not reduce turf quality below acceptable levels. Normalized vegetative difference index readings indicated no treatment differences in turf greenness at 4 and 8 wk after initial treatment. Weekly application of bispyribac-sodium at 12.4 g ha−1 or biweekly application at 24.8 g ha−1 alone or with monthly applications of paclobutrazol at 224 g ha−1 did not cause unacceptable injury to creeping bentgrass putting greens during the spring.

Methiozolin and Cumyluron for Preemergence Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) Control on Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) Putting Greens

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn D. Askew ◽  
Brendan M. S. McNulty
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Agrostis Stolonifera ◽  
Concomitant Increase ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetative Index ◽  
Putting Green

Methiozolin and cumyluron are experimental herbicides that are reported to control annual bluegrass PRE or POST; however, no studies have compared these new herbicides to currently-registered herbicides for annual bluegrass control on putting greens over multiple years. Studies were conducted on three Virginia putting greens for 2 yr to compare methiozolin and cumyluron each at two rates to bensulide and bensulide plus oxadiazon at labeled rates for effects on annual bluegrass and creeping bentgrass cover, turf injury, normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI), turf quality, and annual bluegrass seedhead suppression. Methiozolin, cumyluron, bensulide, and bensulide plus oxadiazon did not significantly injure creeping bentgrass putting green turf, reduce quality, or reduce NDVI. Only methiozolin at 500 or 750 g ai ha−1 and cumyluron at 8,600 g ai ha−1 reduced area under the progress curve (AUPC) for annual bluegrass cover following four treatments over 2 yr applied in spring and fall each year. A concomitant increase in creeping bentgrass cover AUPC was also observed from the three treatments that reduced annual bluegrass cover. Methiozolin also reduced annual bluegrass seedhead cover at least 85% 1 mo after spring treatments and more than all other treatments except cumyluron at 8,600 g ha−1 (66%). These studies suggest that single treatments of methiozolin in spring and fall will not rapidly control existing annual bluegrass but can slowly reduce populations over time, presumably by preventing new seedling emergence. Methiozolin and cumyluron appear to be more effective than currently available herbicides bensulide and bensulide plus oxadiazon for PRE annual bluegrass control and seedhead suppression on golf putting greens.

Bispyribac-Sodium Application Regimes for Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) Control on Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) Putting Greens

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick E. McCullough ◽  
Stephen E. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Agrostis Stolonifera ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Turf Quality

Bispyribac-sodium effectively controls annual bluegrass in creeping bentgrass fairways but efficacy on putting greens may be affected by management differences and thus, application regimes may need to be modified for effective annual bluegrass control. To test this hypothesis, field experiments investigated various bispyribac-sodium application regimens for annual bluegrass control on creeping bentgrass putting greens. Bispyribac-sodium regimes totaling 148, 222, and 296 g ha−1controlled annual bluegrass 81, 83, and 91%, respectively, over 2 yr. Pooled over herbicide rates, bispyribac-sodium applied two, three, and six times controlled annual bluegrass 78, 83, and 94%, respectively. The most effective bispyribac-sodium regime was 24.6 g ha−1applied weekly, which controlled annual bluegrass 90% after 8 wk with acceptable levels of creeping bentgrass discoloration. After 8 wk, all regimes reduced turf quality as a result of voids in turf following annual bluegrass control; regimes with six applications reduced turf quality the most.

Seasonal Effects on Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) Control in Creeping Bentgrass with Bispyribac-Sodium

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 722-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren W. Lycan ◽  
Stephen E. Hart
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Turf Quality

Studies were conducted in 2002 and 2003 on a golf course fairway in New Jersey to compare spring, summer, and fall treatments of bispyribac-sodium for annual bluegrass control and creeping bentgrass tolerance. Single applications at 74, 111, or 148 g ai/ha were applied in May, August, or October. Split applications of 37 followed by (fb) 37 or 74 fb 74 g/ha applied 3 wk apart were also evaluated. Summer-applied bispyribac-sodium did not reduce bentgrass quality, whereas spring and fall treatments reduced turf quality at 3 wk after treatment and fall treatments in 2002 substantially reduced bentgrass quality. Summer treatments were more effective than spring or fall treatments in reducing annual bluegrass cover. Final evaluations revealed 36, 31, 21, and 26% annual bluegrass cover averaged across nontreated, spring-treated, summer-treated, and fall-treated plots, respectively. This study demonstrates that two split applications of bispyribac-sodium at 74 g/ha in summer can effectively reduce annual bluegrass cover while minimizing creeping bentgrass injury.

scholarly journals First Report of Brown Ring Patch Caused by Waitea circinata var. circinata on Poa annua in Virginia

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 426-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kammerer ◽  
P. F. Harmon ◽  
S. McDonald ◽  
B. Horvath
Keyword(s):  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
First Report ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Waitea Circinata

Brown ring patch was first described as a disease of cool-season turfgrass on creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris) (4) in Japan and later reported in California on annual bluegrass (Poa annua) (2). Brown ring patch symptoms were observed beginning in December 2007 through spring 2008 on 6 of 18 putting greens on a golf course in Reston, VA. Symptoms included yellow rings and patches of blighted turfgrass on the mixed stands of creeping bentgrass (A. palustris) and primarily annual bluegrass (Poa annua). Chlorosis and blight occurred predominantly on P. annua. A turfgrass sample was received from a consultant in April 2008, and disease severity on affected greens was estimated to be 40%. After incubating for 2 days in a moist chamber, Rhizoctonia-like aerial mycelia were observed. The pathogen was isolated on water agar and potato dextrose agar amended with thiophanate-methyl (100 mg/L), rifampicin (100 mg/L), and ampicillin (500 mg/L) from P. annua plants that had been surface sterilized with 70% ethanol for 15 s. Colony and sclerotia morphology were consistent with Waitea circinata var. circinata as previously described (2,4). Hyphae were stained with aniline blue and multiple nuclei were observed per cell. The teleomorph was not observed on plant material or in culture. Amplified fragments of rDNA including internal transcribed spacers from the isolate were amplified in three bacterial clones and sequenced bidirectionally (GenBank Accession Nos. FJ154894, FJ154895, and FJ154896) using primers ITS1/ITS4 (2,4). The consensus sequences matched, with 99% homology and 99% sequence overlap, isolate TRGC1.1 of W. circinata var. circinata (GenBank Accession No. DQ900586) (2). Annual bluegrass was not available for use in performing Koch's postulates, but previous studies have shown that W. circinata var. circinata is pathogenic to roughstalk bluegrass (P. trivialis) (1,3). Pots of P. trivialis cv. Cypress that were 1 week postemergence were inoculated with seven wheat grains that had been autoclaved and then infested with the isolate. Plants were incubated at 25°C in a sealed plastic bag with a moist paper towel on the bottom. Hyphae grew from the grains and colonized the grass. Individual plants began to turn chlorotic within 3 days, and more than 80% of the turf in pots was dead after 1 week. Control pots were inoculated with autoclaved wheat seed and showed no disease symptoms after 1 week. Inoculations were repeated twice more with the same results. W. circinata var. circinata was reisolated from affected plants in all replications of the test. To our knowledge, this is the first report of brown ring patch in Virginia. Additional research is needed to assess the prevalence and importance of this disease on golf course putting greens in Virginia. References: (1) C. M. Chen et al. Plant Dis. 91:1687, 2007. (2) K. A. de la Cerda et al. Plant Dis. 91:791, 2007. (3) N. Flor et al. Plant Dis. 92:1586, 2008. (4) T. Toda et al. Plant Dis. 89:536, 2005.

scholarly journals Overseeding Strategies for Converting Golf Course Fairways to Creeping Bentgrass

HortScience ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 508-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary J. Reicher ◽  
Glenn A. Hardebeck
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Acid Ethyl Ester ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Agrostis Palustris ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
The Third

Converting cool-season golf course fairways to creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) is desirable because it affords excellent playability, enhanced recuperative potential, and enhanced disease tolerance compared to annual bluegrass (Poa annua sp. Timm.) or perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), which are common species in fairways. However, converting current golf course fairways to creeping bentgrass with nonselective herbicides is problematic because it disrupts play and decreases revenue, as fairways must be closed for an extended period of time. The objective of our study was to quantify the effect of trinexapac-ethyl (TE), overseeding date, and overseeding rate on the success on the gradual conversion of cool-season fairways to creeping bentgrass over 3 years. `Penneagle' creeping bentgrass was overseeded at 0, 49, or 98 kg·ha-1 in fall, spring, or fall+spring after aerification, and application of TE at 0.0, 0.2, or 0.4 kg·ha-1. Gradual conversion to creeping bentgrass was effective, on perennial ryegrass fairways, with up to 36% cover of creeping bentgrass after 3 years of overseeding. However, only a maximum of 3% creeping bentgrass cover was obtained after the third year of overseeding into primarily annual bluegrass fairways. Fall overseeding with bentgrass at 49 or 98 kg·ha-1 was equally effective and additional spring overseeding did not improve establishment. Applications of TE prior to overseeding did not enhance the conversion. Chemical name used: 4-cyclopropyl-a-hydroxy-methylene-3,5-dioxocyclohexanecarboxylic acid ethyl ester (trinexapac-ethyl).

Long-Term Efficacy of Annual Bluegrass Control Strategies on Golf Course Putting Greens

cftm ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 180068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron J. Patton ◽  
Ross C. Braun ◽  
Geoffrey P. Schortgen ◽  
Daniel V. Weisenberger ◽  
Bruce E. Branham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Term Efficacy

Cool-Season Turfgrass Survival on Two Former Golf Courses in Michigan

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Garrison ◽  
John C. Stier ◽  
John N. Rogers ◽  
Alec R. Kowalewski
Keyword(s):  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Spotted Knapweed ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Herbaceous Dicots

AbstractMost turfgrass species have been listed as either invasive or potentially invasive species in the U.S., but few data exist to verify their invasiveness. Our objective was to determine cool-season turfgrass survival on two abandoned golf courses to assess their invasive potential in unmanaged sites. Maintenance operations ceased at Matheson Greens Golf Course in 2000 and at Four Winds Golf Course in 2003. The frequency and abundance of creeping bentgrass, Kentucky bluegrass, and fine fescues in quadrats placed along transects were recorded and compared to other cover such as herbaceous dicots and bare soil in 2005 and 2007. Turfgrasses at both courses were unable to maintain monocultures. All turfgrasses were nearly absent from Matheson Greens Golf Course 5 yr after maintenance operations ceased. At the Four Winds Golf Course site, creeping bentgrass comprised less than 25% cover on former putting greens by 2007, and was rarely found outside of the former putting green areas. Kentucky bluegrass cover ranged from 5 to 75% on the former fairways. Herbaceous dicots usually dominated the former turf areas at both sites, and included noxious weeds such as Canada thistle and invasive weeds such as spotted knapweed.

scholarly journals Suppression of Annual Bluegrass in Creeping Bentgrass Putting Greens Using Plant Growth Regulators

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Paweł Petelewicz ◽  
Paweł M. Orliński ◽  
James H. Baird
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Putting Green ◽  
Effective Treatments

Decreased stand uniformity together with reduced aesthetics and playability caused by annual bluegrass (Poa annua) intrusion in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) putting greens is one of the major problems that golf course superintendents face with managing newer playing surfaces. Few herbicides are registered for selective control of annual bluegrass in creeping bentgrass greens, and the risk of herbicide resistance remains an issue, thus use of plant growth regulators (PGRs) is still the primary method of annual bluegrass suppression. This study was conducted to evaluate eight PGR treatments, employed as a series of 15 consecutive, biweekly applications to suppress annual bluegrass encroachment in ‘Pure Distinction’ creeping bentgrass maintained as a golf course putting green in Los Angeles, CA. Best annual bluegrass suppression was observed with products containing flurprimidol (FP) at 0.256 lb/acre, paclobutrazol (PB) at 0.119 lb/acre, or three-way mixture of FP, trinexapac-ethyl (TE), and PB (FP+PB+TE) at 0.055, 0.014, and 0.055 lb/acre, respectively. Although all treatments caused some significant creeping bentgrass injury, which increased over time, PB at 0.119 lb/acre and FP+PB+TE at 0.055, 0.014, and 0.055 lb/acre, respectively, appeared to be safest among effective treatments. Additionally, those treatments caused significantly darker green turf, which may be desirable on putting greens. This research confirms the potential of PGR use to limit annual bluegrass infestation on creeping bentgrass greens in a Mediterranean climate and reveals the most effective treatments that could be used in a putting green maintenance program.

Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) Control with Methiozolin and Nutrient Tank-Mixtures

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 761-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Flessner ◽  
J. Scott McElroy ◽  
James D. McCurdy
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Iron Sulfate ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
And Control ◽  
Selective Herbicide

Methiozolin is a selective herbicide that has been reported to control annual bluegrass in creeping bentgrass putting greens. Golf course managers frequently tank-mix fertilizers with herbicides to reduce time and labor, but no information is available regarding such mixtures with methiozolin. Research was conducted to evaluate methiozolin for annual bluegrass control and creeping bentgrass safety when tank-mixed with ammonium sulfate or iron sulfate. Mixtures with ammonium sulfate did not influence annual bluegrass control while they did reduce creeping bentgrass injury in some instances. Mixtures with iron sulfate varied by experimental run but annual bluegrass control was either similar or increased while creeping bentgrass injury did not vary. Paclobutrazol was included as an alternative agrochemical comparison for annual bluegrass management; its application resulted in similar control and injury with and without iron sulfate addition, and injury and control were similar to methiozolin at appropriate rates. While some differences were observed, overall annual bluegrass and creeping bentgrass response to methiozolin was not affected by tank-mix nutrient partner relative to methiozolin applied alone.

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