Seasonal Effects on Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) Control in Creeping Bentgrass with Bispyribac-Sodium

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 722-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren W. Lycan ◽  
Stephen E. Hart
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Turf Quality

Studies were conducted in 2002 and 2003 on a golf course fairway in New Jersey to compare spring, summer, and fall treatments of bispyribac-sodium for annual bluegrass control and creeping bentgrass tolerance. Single applications at 74, 111, or 148 g ai/ha were applied in May, August, or October. Split applications of 37 followed by (fb) 37 or 74 fb 74 g/ha applied 3 wk apart were also evaluated. Summer-applied bispyribac-sodium did not reduce bentgrass quality, whereas spring and fall treatments reduced turf quality at 3 wk after treatment and fall treatments in 2002 substantially reduced bentgrass quality. Summer treatments were more effective than spring or fall treatments in reducing annual bluegrass cover. Final evaluations revealed 36, 31, 21, and 26% annual bluegrass cover averaged across nontreated, spring-treated, summer-treated, and fall-treated plots, respectively. This study demonstrates that two split applications of bispyribac-sodium at 74 g/ha in summer can effectively reduce annual bluegrass cover while minimizing creeping bentgrass injury.

Long-Term Roughstalk Bluegrass Control in Creeping Bentgrass Fairways

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 714-723
Author(s):  
Sandeep S. Rana ◽  
Shawn D. Askew
Keyword(s):  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetative Index

Methiozolin is an isoxazoline herbicide that selectively controls annual bluegrass in cool-season turf and may control roughstalk bluegrass, another weedyPoaspecies that is problematic in many turfgrass systems. However, the majority of research to date is limited to evaluating methiozolin efficacy for annual bluegrass control in creeping bentgrass putting greens. Research was conducted comparing various application regimes of methiozolin and other herbicides for long-term roughstalk bluegrass control in creeping bentgrass golf fairways. Methiozolin-only treatments did not injure creeping bentgrass or reduce normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) at 2 golf course locations based on 20 evaluation dates over a 2.5-yr period. The 2.5-yr average turf quality generally declined as roughstalk bluegrass control increased due to transient turf cover loss. At 1 yr after last treatment, methiozolin at 1500 g ai ha-1applied four times in fall reduced roughstalk bluegrass cover 85%. This was equivalent to methiozolin at 1000 g ha-1applied four times in fall, but greater than low rates of methiozolin applied four times in spring or twice in fall and spring. Amicarbazone, primisulfuron, and bispyribac-sodium alone either did not effectively reduce roughstalk bluegrass cover, or did so at the expense of increased creeping bentgrass injury. Results of this study suggest that methiozolin alone or tank-mixed with amicarbazone or primisulfuron is an effective long-term approach for selectively controlling roughstalk bluegrass in creeping bentgrass.

Bispyribac-Sodium Application Regimes for Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) Control on Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) Putting Greens

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick E. McCullough ◽  
Stephen E. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Agrostis Stolonifera ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Turf Quality

Bispyribac-sodium effectively controls annual bluegrass in creeping bentgrass fairways but efficacy on putting greens may be affected by management differences and thus, application regimes may need to be modified for effective annual bluegrass control. To test this hypothesis, field experiments investigated various bispyribac-sodium application regimens for annual bluegrass control on creeping bentgrass putting greens. Bispyribac-sodium regimes totaling 148, 222, and 296 g ha−1controlled annual bluegrass 81, 83, and 91%, respectively, over 2 yr. Pooled over herbicide rates, bispyribac-sodium applied two, three, and six times controlled annual bluegrass 78, 83, and 94%, respectively. The most effective bispyribac-sodium regime was 24.6 g ha−1applied weekly, which controlled annual bluegrass 90% after 8 wk with acceptable levels of creeping bentgrass discoloration. After 8 wk, all regimes reduced turf quality as a result of voids in turf following annual bluegrass control; regimes with six applications reduced turf quality the most.

scholarly journals First Report of Brown Ring Patch on Poa annua Caused by Waitea circinata var. circinata in West Virginia

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (11) ◽  
pp. 1379-1379
Author(s):  
S. J. McDonald ◽  
R. M. Averell ◽  
M. E. Glass ◽  
H. M. Young ◽  
T. H. Mysliwiec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
Aerial Mycelium ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
First Report ◽  
5.8S Rdna ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Agar Plug ◽  
Waitea Circinata

In mid-November 2009, thin, yellow, and irregular-shaped scalloped rings 10 to 25 cm in diameter were observed on 5 to 10% of a golf course putting green in Charles Town, WV. The 20-year-old USGA-specification sand-based green was mowed at 3.1-mm height and consisted of 60% annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) and 40% creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stoloniferous L. ‘Putter’). Minimum and maximum daily air temperature ranged from 2 to 22°C, respectively, with 38 mm of rainfall during the appearance of rings symptoms. Only affected annual bluegrass plants exhibited a peculiar yellow chlorosis of the upper and lower leaves. A single fungal isolate was obtained from active mycelium found within symptomatic annual bluegrass leaves and grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with chloramphenicol (0.1 g/liter). Fungal colony morphology (i.e., light yellow with irregular-shaped 2- to 4-mm-diameter sclerotia first appearing off-white but progressing to brown by 21 to 28 days in culture) and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 5.8S rDNA region with primers ITS1 and ITS4 confirmed the isolate as Waitea circinata var. circinata (Warcup & Talbot) with ≥99% sequence identity with GenBank Accession No. FJ755889 (1,2,4). To confirm pathogenicity, a 6-mm-diameter plug of the isolate was removed from the expanding edge of a 4-day-old culture grown on PDA and placed in contact with the lower leaves of 12-week-old annual bluegrass (0.001 g of surface-sterilized seed per cm2) grown in 5- × 5-cm plastic pots of autoclaved 85% sand and 15% potting soil. Six pots were inoculated with the isolate and six pots were inoculated with an isolate-free agar plug and then placed in a moist chamber at 28°C. Leaf chlorosis and aerial mycelium was observed in all six inoculated pots 8 to 10 days after inoculation, and symptoms were similar to those expressed in the field. All noninoculated plants remained healthy and asymptomatic. W. circinata var. circinata was reisolated from symptomatic leaves and again confirmed by colony traits and sequencing of the ITS-5.8S rDNA region and submitted as GenBank Accession No. HM807582. To our knowledge, this is the first report of brown ring patch in West Virginia and could be economically important because of intensive fungicide practices used to maintain high-quality putting greens on golf courses (3). References: (1) C. Chen et al. Plant Dis. 91:1687, 2007. (2) K. de la Cerda et al. Plant Dis. 91:791, 2007. (3) J. Kaminski and F. Wong. Golf Course Manage. 75:98, 2007. (4) T. Toda et al. Plant Dis. 89:536, 2005.

scholarly journals First Report of Brown Ring Patch Caused by Waitea circinata var. circinata on Poa annua in Virginia

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 426-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kammerer ◽  
P. F. Harmon ◽  
S. McDonald ◽  
B. Horvath
Keyword(s):  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
First Report ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Waitea Circinata

Brown ring patch was first described as a disease of cool-season turfgrass on creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris) (4) in Japan and later reported in California on annual bluegrass (Poa annua) (2). Brown ring patch symptoms were observed beginning in December 2007 through spring 2008 on 6 of 18 putting greens on a golf course in Reston, VA. Symptoms included yellow rings and patches of blighted turfgrass on the mixed stands of creeping bentgrass (A. palustris) and primarily annual bluegrass (Poa annua). Chlorosis and blight occurred predominantly on P. annua. A turfgrass sample was received from a consultant in April 2008, and disease severity on affected greens was estimated to be 40%. After incubating for 2 days in a moist chamber, Rhizoctonia-like aerial mycelia were observed. The pathogen was isolated on water agar and potato dextrose agar amended with thiophanate-methyl (100 mg/L), rifampicin (100 mg/L), and ampicillin (500 mg/L) from P. annua plants that had been surface sterilized with 70% ethanol for 15 s. Colony and sclerotia morphology were consistent with Waitea circinata var. circinata as previously described (2,4). Hyphae were stained with aniline blue and multiple nuclei were observed per cell. The teleomorph was not observed on plant material or in culture. Amplified fragments of rDNA including internal transcribed spacers from the isolate were amplified in three bacterial clones and sequenced bidirectionally (GenBank Accession Nos. FJ154894, FJ154895, and FJ154896) using primers ITS1/ITS4 (2,4). The consensus sequences matched, with 99% homology and 99% sequence overlap, isolate TRGC1.1 of W. circinata var. circinata (GenBank Accession No. DQ900586) (2). Annual bluegrass was not available for use in performing Koch's postulates, but previous studies have shown that W. circinata var. circinata is pathogenic to roughstalk bluegrass (P. trivialis) (1,3). Pots of P. trivialis cv. Cypress that were 1 week postemergence were inoculated with seven wheat grains that had been autoclaved and then infested with the isolate. Plants were incubated at 25°C in a sealed plastic bag with a moist paper towel on the bottom. Hyphae grew from the grains and colonized the grass. Individual plants began to turn chlorotic within 3 days, and more than 80% of the turf in pots was dead after 1 week. Control pots were inoculated with autoclaved wheat seed and showed no disease symptoms after 1 week. Inoculations were repeated twice more with the same results. W. circinata var. circinata was reisolated from affected plants in all replications of the test. To our knowledge, this is the first report of brown ring patch in Virginia. Additional research is needed to assess the prevalence and importance of this disease on golf course putting greens in Virginia. References: (1) C. M. Chen et al. Plant Dis. 91:1687, 2007. (2) K. A. de la Cerda et al. Plant Dis. 91:791, 2007. (3) N. Flor et al. Plant Dis. 92:1586, 2008. (4) T. Toda et al. Plant Dis. 89:536, 2005.

Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) Golf Green Tolerance to Bispyribac-Sodium Tank-Mixed with Paclobutrazol

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Q. Moss ◽  
Xi Xiong ◽  
Kemin Su ◽  
Bishow P. Poudel ◽  
John B. Haguewood
Keyword(s):  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Agrostis Stolonifera ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Putting Green ◽  
Zone Field ◽  
Weekly Application

Annual bluegrass is a troublesome weed in golf course putting greens. The objective of this research was to evaluate creeping bentgrass putting green tolerance to bispyribac-sodium tank-mixed with paclobutrazol in the transition zone. Field trials with four replications were conducted in Oklahoma during 2009 and 2010 and in Missouri during 2010. The results of this study suggest that tank-mixing bispyribac-sodium with paclobutrazol may discolor creeping bentgrass putting greens but will not reduce turf quality below acceptable levels. Normalized vegetative difference index readings indicated no treatment differences in turf greenness at 4 and 8 wk after initial treatment. Weekly application of bispyribac-sodium at 12.4 g ha−1 or biweekly application at 24.8 g ha−1 alone or with monthly applications of paclobutrazol at 224 g ha−1 did not cause unacceptable injury to creeping bentgrass putting greens during the spring.

Temperature Influences Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) and Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) Response to Bispyribac-Sodium

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 728-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick E. McCullough ◽  
Stephen E. Hart
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Agrostis Stolonifera ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
Research Complex

Bispyribac-sodium is a POST herbicide that selectively controls annual bluegrass in creeping bentgrass, but inconsistent results with seasonal applications are believed to occur from temperature influences on bispyribac-sodium efficacy. Growth chamber experiments at the New Jersey Experimental Greenhouse Research Complex, New Brunswick, NJ, investigated three temperature regimes on ‘L-93’ creeping bentgrass and annual bluegrass responses to bispyribac-sodium. Annual bluegrass and creeping bentgrass exhibited contrasting responses to bispyribac-sodium as temperature increased from 10 to 30 C. Regressions of 4 week after treatment (WAT) data revealed as temperature increased from 10 to 30 C, required bispyribac-sodium rates for 50% clipping reduction (CR50) of annual bluegrass decreased from 85 to 31 g ai/ha and required rates for 50% leaf chlorosis decreased from greater than 296 to 98, indicating increased herbicidal efficacy at higher temperatures. In contrast, required bispyribac-sodium rates for creeping bentgrass CR50increased from 200 to greater than 296 as temperature increased from 10 to 30 C. Bispyribac-sodium discolored creeping bentgrass 0 to 20% at 20 and 30 C and discoloration increased 10 to 50% at 10 C. Thus, warmer temperatures (20 and 30 C) increase bispyribac-sodium efficacy for annual bluegrass control with minimal bentgrass discoloration; however, cooler temperatures (10 C) have minimal efficacy on annual bluegrass and increase bentgrass chlorosis.

scholarly journals First Report of Brown Ring Patch Caused by Waitea circinata var. circinata on Poa annua and Agrostis stolonifera in New Jersey

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Njambere ◽  
B. B. Clarke ◽  
S. A. Bonos ◽  
J. A. Murphy ◽  
R. Buckley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
The United States ◽  
Agrostis Stolonifera ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Its Sequencing ◽  
First Report ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Waitea Circinata

Waitea circinata var. circinata was first reported as the causal agent of brown ring patch on annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) in the United States in 2007 (2). In early April to mid-June of 2009, circular to irregularly shaped yellow rings resembling symptoms of this disease were observed on an annual bluegrass putting green at Rutgers University in North Brunswick, NJ. Severely infected foliage eventually turned brown as the disease progressed. During the same time period, similar disease symptoms were observed on creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) from a golf course in Bedminster Township, NJ. The disease reappeared in both locations in April of 2010. Five additional samples with similar symptoms on creeping bentgrass and annual bluegrass were received at Rutgers Diagnostic Laboratory from Paramus, Madison, Allamuchy, and Farmingdale, NJ between late April and early May of 2010. Portions of diseased leaf and sheath tissue that displayed symptoms of the disease were disinfested for 1 min in 0.5% NaOCl, rinsed with sterile distilled water, and plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with 50 mg/liter of streptomycin sulfate. At the first sign of fungal growth, single hyphal tips were transferred to PDA. After 1 week at 25°C, white-to-orange mycelial colonies formed in culture and eventually turned brown with age. Minute sclerotia (≤3 mm), which followed the same color development pattern, formed within 10 days. These features are consistent with those described of W. circinata var. circinata (2,3). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal RNA gene was amplified using primer pair ITS1/ITS4 and sequenced with ITS4 (GenBank Accession Nos. HQ166065 to HQ166071). BLASTn analysis of the ITS sequences showed a 99 to 100% similarity to W. circinata var. circinata sequences deposited in GenBank (1,2). Pathogenicity tests were conducted in 2010 using 6-week-old creeping bentgrass seedlings cv. Declaration inoculated with colonized oat grain that had been autoclaved and then infested with the Bedminster Township isolate. Eight colonized oat grains were uniformly spread around the crowns of seedlings grown in 10-cm-diameter pots. Control plants were treated with autoclaved grain. Plants were incubated at 25°C and high humidity maintained by misting the plants three times per day. Within 3 days postinoculation, foliage near infested grain turned chlorotic. All foliage in pots became completely blighted and spherical orange-brown sclerotia were observed on leaf sheaths by the eighth day. W. circinata var. circinata was consistently reisolated from inoculated plants (as confirmed by isolate morphology and ITS sequencing) but not from control plants. The ITS sequence data, morphological characters of the isolates, and pathogenicity tests demonstrate that W. circinata var. circinata is present in New Jersey. To our knowledge, this is the first report of W. circinata var. circinata infecting turfgrass in New Jersey. References: (1) C. M. Chen et al. Plant Dis. 93:906, 2009. (2) K. A. de la Cerda et al. Plant Dis. 91:791, 2007. (3) T. Toda et al. Plant Dis. 89:536, 2005.

Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) Control with Methiozolin and Nutrient Tank-Mixtures

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 761-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Flessner ◽  
J. Scott McElroy ◽  
James D. McCurdy
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Iron Sulfate ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
And Control ◽  
Selective Herbicide

Methiozolin is a selective herbicide that has been reported to control annual bluegrass in creeping bentgrass putting greens. Golf course managers frequently tank-mix fertilizers with herbicides to reduce time and labor, but no information is available regarding such mixtures with methiozolin. Research was conducted to evaluate methiozolin for annual bluegrass control and creeping bentgrass safety when tank-mixed with ammonium sulfate or iron sulfate. Mixtures with ammonium sulfate did not influence annual bluegrass control while they did reduce creeping bentgrass injury in some instances. Mixtures with iron sulfate varied by experimental run but annual bluegrass control was either similar or increased while creeping bentgrass injury did not vary. Paclobutrazol was included as an alternative agrochemical comparison for annual bluegrass management; its application resulted in similar control and injury with and without iron sulfate addition, and injury and control were similar to methiozolin at appropriate rates. While some differences were observed, overall annual bluegrass and creeping bentgrass response to methiozolin was not affected by tank-mix nutrient partner relative to methiozolin applied alone.

Absorption, Translocation, and Metabolism of Amicarbazone in Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua), Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera), and Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea)

Weed Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialin Yu ◽  
Patrick E. McCullough ◽  
William K. Vencill
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Agrostis Stolonifera ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Foliar Absorption ◽  
Annual Bluegrass

Amicarbazone controls annual bluegrass in cool-season turfgrasses but physiological effects that influence selectivity have received limited investigation. The objective of this research was to evaluate uptake, translocation, and metabolism of amicarbazone in these species. Annual bluegrass, creeping bentgrass, and tall fescue required < 3, 56, and 35 h to reach 50% foliar absorption, respectively. At 72 h after treatment (HAT), annual bluegrass and creeping bentgrass translocated 73 and 70% of root-absorbed14C to shoots, respectively, while tall fescue only distributed 55%. Annual bluegrass recovered ≈ 50% more root-absorbed14C in shoots than creeping bentgrass and tall fescue. Creeping bentgrass and tall fescue metabolism of amicarbazone was ≈ 2-fold greater than annual bluegrass from 1 to 7 d after treatment (DAT). Results suggest greater absorption, more distribution, and less metabolism of amicarbazone in annual bluegrass, compared to creeping bentgrass and tall fescue, could be attributed to selectivity of POST applications.

Annual Bluegrass (Poa Annua) Control in Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis Stolonifera) Putting Greens with Bispyribac-sodium

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 426-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis C. Teuton ◽  
Christopher L. Main ◽  
John C. Sorochan ◽  
J. Scott McElroy ◽  
Thomas C. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Agrostis Stolonifera ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Annual Bluegrass
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