Weedy Rice Update in Arkansas, USA and Adjacent Locales

Weed Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-40
Author(s):  
Nilda Roma-Burgos ◽  
Thomas R. Butts ◽  
Isabel S. Werle ◽  
Sunny Bottoms ◽  
Andy Mauromoustakos
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Extension Agents ◽  
County Extension Agents ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Resistance Evolution ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
E Mail

Abstract Weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.) is among the most problematic weeds in rice (Oryza sativa L.) production. The commercialization of herbicide-resistant (HR) rice nearly two decades ago provided an effective tool to manage weedy rice; however, resistance evolution and volunteer HR hybrid rice kept weedy rice at the forefront of rice weed control needs. This research aimed to assess the prevalence and severity of weedy rice infestations, identify production practices that may have contributed to an increase in weedy rice, and identify control strategies that may still be effective on weedy rice across Arkansas and adjacent US mid-south locales. Two questionnaires, one for rice growers and consultants and one for County Extension Agents (CEAs), were distributed through e-mail and physical copies in 2020. Thirty-three respondents returned the rice grower (25) and consultant (8) survey representing 26 and seven counties in Arkansas and the Bootheel Missouri area, respectively, as well as four parishes in northeast Louisiana. Eighteen respondents returned the CEA survey. Respondents ranked weedy rice the third most problematic weed in rice, behind Echinochloa spp. and Cyperus spp. The most common infestation levels reported in 78% of fields was less than 12 m−2. Crop rotation (64% growers/consultants, 50% CEAs) and HR rice technology (27% growers/consultants, 50% CEAs) were the top-two most effective methods for weedy rice management, respectively. Tillage and crop rotation practices significantly influenced weedy rice infestation. Rice-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation had the lowest weedy rice infestation compared to monoculture rice and other crop rotation practices. Crop rotation was not practiced on 26% of reported fields, primarily due to poor drainage. The imidazolinone (IMI)-resistant rice technology was still effective (>70% control) in 60% of fields, but quizalofop-resistant rice is needed to control IMI-resistant weedy rice. Overall, weedy rice remains a challenging weed in rice production.

Status of Weedy Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Infestation and Management Practices in Southern Brazil

Weed Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
Luis A. Avila ◽  
José A. Noldin ◽  
Carlos H. P. Mariot ◽  
Paulo F.S. Massoni ◽  
Marcus V. Fipke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Extension Agents ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Rice Area ◽  
Infestation Status

Abstract Weedy rice (WR) (Oryza sativa L.) is the most troublesome weed infesting rice paddies in Brazil. Several changes have occurred in this region regarding crop management, especially WR control based on the Clearfield™ (CL) Rice Production System launched in 2003. This survey’s objective was to evaluate the WR infestation status by assessing the producers’ perception and the management practices used in southern Brazil after eighteen years of CL use in Brazil. Rice consultants and extension agents distributed a questionnaire with 213 producers in the Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and Santa Catarina (SC) state in the 2018/19 growing season. In RS, most farms are larger than 150 ha, farmers use minimal or conventional tillage, permanent flooding, adopted the CL system for more than two years, use clomazone PRE tank-mixed with glyphosate at the rice spiking stage, and use crop rotation with soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] or pasture. In SC, rice farms are small, averaging from 20 to 30 ha, farmers predominantly plant pre-germinated rice and do not rotate rice with other crops and roguing is practiced. Comparing both states, the CL System is used in 99.5, and 69.3% of the total surveyed rice area in RS and SC, respectively. Imidazolinone-resistant WR is present in 68.4 and 26.6% of rice farms in RS and SC, respectively. Rice cultivation in Brazil is currently coexisting with WR with minimal integration of control methods. However, integrated practices can control this weed and are fundamental to the sustainability of systems based on herbicide-resistant rice cultivars.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Weedy Rice Soil Seedbank Under Differing Control Strategies in Italian Rice Fields: survey and model study

Weed Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
André Andres ◽  
Silvia Fogliatto ◽  
Lammert Bastiaans ◽  
Francesco Vidotto
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Rice Soil ◽  
Planting Methods ◽  
Soil Seedbank ◽  
One Year ◽  
Rice Monoculture

The abundance of weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the soil seedbank was estimated in 2011 in Italian rice (Oryza sativa L.) fields with different histories of IMI-resistant Clearfield® rice varieties (CL), non-Clearfield® varieties (NCL) and planting methods. A model was used to predict weedy rice seedbank dynamics over time under different control strategies. Soil samples were taken from 50 rice fields cultivated with CL varieties consecutively for 0, 1, 2, or 3 years and weedy rice seedbank data were used in a model considering eight scenarios: A) rice monoculture with CL and NCL varieties in alternate years; B) two years of CL, followed by one year with NCL; C) three years of CL followed by one year of NCL; D) rice monoculture with only CL; E) rice monoculture with only NCL; F) two years of CL followed by one year of rotation with another crop (CR), and then by an additional year with NCL; G) one year of CR followed by two years of CL, and then by one year of NCL; H) two years of CR followed by two years of CL. Weedy rice seedbank exceeded 1,000 seeds m−2 in the surveyed fields with no significant differences between rice planting methods. Highest densities were found in fields cultivated for one year with CL varieties. Simulations indicated that where CL varieties were used in rice monoculture susceptible weedy rice seedbank reduced gradually, allowing a depletion after 17, 13, 11, and 9 years in scenarios A), B), C), and D), respectively. The weedy rice seedbank increased in NCL monoculture (E) and declined significantly in crop rotation scenarios (F, G, H). The simulations indicated that the introduction of crop rotation is crucial for obtaining a relatively fast reduction of weedy rice seedbank and delaying the evolution of herbicide-resistant populations.

scholarly journals Gene flow from single and stacked herbicide-resistant rice (Oryza sativa): modeling occurrence of multiple herbicide-resistant weedy rice

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Dauer ◽  
Andrew Hulting ◽  
Dale Carlson ◽  
Luke Mankin ◽  
John Harden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Herbicide Resistant

scholarly journals Evolution of imidazolinone-resistant weedy rice in Malaysia: The current status

Weed Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Rabiatuladawiyah Ruzmi ◽  
Muhammad Saiful Ahmad-Hamdani ◽  
Mohamad Zuhair Zainal Abidin ◽  
Nilda Roma Burgos
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
History Of

Abstract Weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea or O. sativa complex) has become a severe threat to Malaysian rice (Oryza sativa L.) granaries after the direct-seeding method of rice cultivation was introduced in the late 1980s. Since then, researchers have studied the biology and ecology of weedy rice, and espoused the evolutionary theory of the origin of Malaysian weedy rice. This review paper aimed to synthesize the body of knowledge about weedy rice and the evolution of herbicide-resistant weedy rice in Malaysia. The imidazolinone (IMI) herbicide component of the Clearfield® Production System (CPS) rice package has become among the most effective tools for weedy rice control. However, the sole dependence on this technology and farmers’ ignorance about the appropriate use of IMI herbicides with the CPS rice package have resulted in the evolution of IMI-resistant (IMI-R) weedy rice. This has reduced the efficacy of IMI herbicides on weedy rice, ultimately nullifying the benefit of CPS rice in affected fields. At present, it is assumed that IMI-R weedy rice populations are widely distributed across the rice granaries in Malaysia. Therefore, it is important that integrated management measures be adopted comprehensively by Malaysian rice growers to curb the spread of IMI-R weedy rice problem in Malaysia, especially in the fields planted with CPS rice. This review focuses on the biology of Malaysian weedy rice, history of establishment of weedy rice in Malaysian rice fields, impact of herbicide-resistant rice technology on the evolution of IMI-R weedy rice in Malaysia, the distribution of resistant weedy rice populations across Peninsular Malaysian rice granaries, the weedy rice resistance mechanisms, and weedy rice management. The synthesis of all this information is helpful to researchers, policy makers, the private agricultural industry, advisors to farmers, and proactive farmers themselves with the goal of working toward sustainable rice production.

scholarly journals Sensitivity to salinity at the emergence and seedling stages of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli), weedy rice (Oryza sativa), and rice with different tolerances to ALS-inhibiting herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Silvia Fogliatto ◽  
Lorenzo Patrucco ◽  
Marco Milan ◽  
Francesco Vidotto
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Herbicide Resistant

Abstract Salinization is affecting many rice (Oryza sativa L.) areas worldwide and weed infestation, together with the occurrence of herbicide-resistant populations, is further limiting rice yield. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of water salinity on the emergence and seedling growth of five Italian barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.] populations (three sensitive and two resistant to acetolactate synthase–inhibiting herbicides), three Italian weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.) populations (all sensitive to imazamox), and two rice varieties (the conventional ‘Baldo’ variety and the imazamox-tolerant ‘CL80’ one). In 2017, seeds were sown in alveolar trays filled with sand, a nutrient solution, and water with the following salt concentrations: 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mM NaCl. Plant emergence (after 15 d), plant height, shoot and root weight, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid content were measured at 40 d after sowing. Echinochloa crus-galli showed a higher tolerance to salinity than O. sativa and rice. All species were affected more at the seedling stage than at emergence. A variable behavior of the herbicide-resistant populations was shown; one resistant E. crus-galli population was affected more by salinity and showed a lower emergence rate (about 20% against 40% emergence of the other populations at the highest salt concentration) and reduced seedling growth, while the other resistant population’s response was similar to that of the sensitive populations. The chlorophyll content increased as the salt content increased in all E. crus-galli populations. The highest emergence and growth reduction in O. sativa were recorded in the imazamox-tolerant rice. Rice and O. sativa were able to grow only up to 50 mM. Echinochloa crus-galli populations are probably favored under saline conditions, while lower infestation by O. sativa can be expected.

Spread of herbicide-resistant weedy rice (red rice, Oryza sativa L.) after 5 years of Clearfield rice cultivation in Italy

Plant Biology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 751-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Busconi ◽  
D. Rossi ◽  
C. Lorenzoni ◽  
G. Baldi ◽  
C. Fogher
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Clearfield Rice

Introduction of imidazolinone herbicide and Clearfield® rice between weedy rice—control efficiency and environmental concerns

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahyoub Izzat Bzour ◽  
Fathiah Mohamed Zuki ◽  
Muhamad Shakirin Mispan
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Direct Seeded

Water scarcity and increasing labor costs of rice cultivation have prompted many agro-ecosystems in the world to adopt the direct-seeded rice (DSR) method instead of the hand-transplanting method. However, there is a downside to this approach, which is the prevalence and spread of weedy rice (WR), a troublesome weed in paddy fields that has the potential to cause a 90% loss of total yield in high-infested areas. The progression, infestation, and dynamics of WR are linked to environmental circumstances, types of rice cultivar, established techniques, and field management. WR is viewed as a critical problem, as it may prove counterproductive in rice cultivation because it causes an overall increase in the production cost of paddy harvesting. For the purpose of our discussion, a method is explored that can be used to eliminate, or at least mitigate, the spread of WR, which is the Clearfield® Production System (CPS). This method consists of imidazolinone (IMI) herbicide, Clearfield® certified seeds, and the Stewardship Guide. However, use of the CPS has been known to negatively affect the environment, as it transfers resistance traits to WR, increasing IMI persistence in the cultivated soils, and contaminating soils and water with herbicide residues. These negative environmental effects could be dealt with by using integrated weed management systems (IWMS) that include the use of all viable tools and should be incorporated with the proper Stewardship Guide to reduce the growth of herbicide-resistant WR. This review aims to elucidate information pertaining to WR infestation, the characteristics thereof, sustainable techniques for WR control, IMI herbicides, and diverse methods for the extraction and determination of IMI residues in the environment. Understanding the conspecific nature of WR serves as a baseline for constructing novel WR control strategies in the future.

scholarly journals Bioherbicidal Properties of Parthenium hysterophorus, Cleome rutidosperma and Borreria alata Extracts on Selected Crop and Weed Species

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 643
Author(s):  
Mst. Motmainna ◽  
Abdul Shukor Juraimi ◽  
Md. Kamal Uddin ◽  
Norhayu Binti Asib ◽  
A. K. M. Mominul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Natural Herbicide ◽  
Cleome Rutidosperma

Natural product-based herbicides could be the effective alternatives to synthetic chemical herbicides for eco-friendly weed management. This research, therefore, was conducted to identify the phytotoxic properties of Parthenium hysterophorus L., Cleome rutidosperma DC. and Borreria alata (Aubl.) DC. with a view to introducing them as a tool for natural herbicide development. The methanol extracts of these plants were examined on the germination and growth of Zea mays L., Oryza sativa L., Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench and Amaranthus gangeticus L., Oryza sativa f. Spontanea Roshev. (Weedy rice), Echinochloa colona (L.) Link., Euphorbia hirta L., and Ageratum conyzoides L. under laboratory and glasshouse conditions. A complete randomized design (CRD) with five replications and randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications were laid out for laboratory and glasshouse experiments, respectively. In the laboratory experiment, three plant extracts of 0, 6.25, 12.5, 50, and 100 g L−1 were tested on survival rate, hypocotyl, and radicle length of eight test plant species. No seed germination of A. conzyoides, E. hirta, and A. gangeticus were recorded when P. hysterophorus extract was applied at 50 g L−1. C. rutidosperma had the same effect on those plants at 100 g L−1. In the glasshouse, similar extracts and concentrations used in the laboratory experiments were sprayed on at the 2–3 leaf stage for grasses and 4–6 for the broadleaf species. Tested plants were less sensitive to C. rutidosperma and B. alata compared to P. hysterophorus extract. Among the weeds and crops, A. conyzoides, E. hirta, A. esculentus and A. gangeticus were mostly inhibited by P. hysterophorus extract at 100 g L−1. Based on these results, P. hysterophorus was the most phytotoxic among the tested plant extracts and could be used for developing a new natural herbicide for green agriculture.

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