scholarly journals Dynamics of Weedy Rice Soil Seedbank Under Differing Control Strategies in Italian Rice Fields: survey and model study

Weed Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
André Andres ◽  
Silvia Fogliatto ◽  
Lammert Bastiaans ◽  
Francesco Vidotto
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Rice Soil ◽  
Planting Methods ◽  
Soil Seedbank ◽  
One Year ◽  
Rice Monoculture

The abundance of weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the soil seedbank was estimated in 2011 in Italian rice (Oryza sativa L.) fields with different histories of IMI-resistant Clearfield® rice varieties (CL), non-Clearfield® varieties (NCL) and planting methods. A model was used to predict weedy rice seedbank dynamics over time under different control strategies. Soil samples were taken from 50 rice fields cultivated with CL varieties consecutively for 0, 1, 2, or 3 years and weedy rice seedbank data were used in a model considering eight scenarios: A) rice monoculture with CL and NCL varieties in alternate years; B) two years of CL, followed by one year with NCL; C) three years of CL followed by one year of NCL; D) rice monoculture with only CL; E) rice monoculture with only NCL; F) two years of CL followed by one year of rotation with another crop (CR), and then by an additional year with NCL; G) one year of CR followed by two years of CL, and then by one year of NCL; H) two years of CR followed by two years of CL. Weedy rice seedbank exceeded 1,000 seeds m−2 in the surveyed fields with no significant differences between rice planting methods. Highest densities were found in fields cultivated for one year with CL varieties. Simulations indicated that where CL varieties were used in rice monoculture susceptible weedy rice seedbank reduced gradually, allowing a depletion after 17, 13, 11, and 9 years in scenarios A), B), C), and D), respectively. The weedy rice seedbank increased in NCL monoculture (E) and declined significantly in crop rotation scenarios (F, G, H). The simulations indicated that the introduction of crop rotation is crucial for obtaining a relatively fast reduction of weedy rice seedbank and delaying the evolution of herbicide-resistant populations.

Weedy Rice Update in Arkansas, USA and Adjacent Locales

Weed Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-40
Author(s):  
Nilda Roma-Burgos ◽  
Thomas R. Butts ◽  
Isabel S. Werle ◽  
Sunny Bottoms ◽  
Andy Mauromoustakos
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Extension Agents ◽  
County Extension Agents ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Resistance Evolution ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
E Mail

Abstract Weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.) is among the most problematic weeds in rice (Oryza sativa L.) production. The commercialization of herbicide-resistant (HR) rice nearly two decades ago provided an effective tool to manage weedy rice; however, resistance evolution and volunteer HR hybrid rice kept weedy rice at the forefront of rice weed control needs. This research aimed to assess the prevalence and severity of weedy rice infestations, identify production practices that may have contributed to an increase in weedy rice, and identify control strategies that may still be effective on weedy rice across Arkansas and adjacent US mid-south locales. Two questionnaires, one for rice growers and consultants and one for County Extension Agents (CEAs), were distributed through e-mail and physical copies in 2020. Thirty-three respondents returned the rice grower (25) and consultant (8) survey representing 26 and seven counties in Arkansas and the Bootheel Missouri area, respectively, as well as four parishes in northeast Louisiana. Eighteen respondents returned the CEA survey. Respondents ranked weedy rice the third most problematic weed in rice, behind Echinochloa spp. and Cyperus spp. The most common infestation levels reported in 78% of fields was less than 12 m−2. Crop rotation (64% growers/consultants, 50% CEAs) and HR rice technology (27% growers/consultants, 50% CEAs) were the top-two most effective methods for weedy rice management, respectively. Tillage and crop rotation practices significantly influenced weedy rice infestation. Rice-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation had the lowest weedy rice infestation compared to monoculture rice and other crop rotation practices. Crop rotation was not practiced on 26% of reported fields, primarily due to poor drainage. The imidazolinone (IMI)-resistant rice technology was still effective (>70% control) in 60% of fields, but quizalofop-resistant rice is needed to control IMI-resistant weedy rice. Overall, weedy rice remains a challenging weed in rice production.

scholarly journals Bioherbicidal Properties of Parthenium hysterophorus, Cleome rutidosperma and Borreria alata Extracts on Selected Crop and Weed Species

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 643
Author(s):  
Mst. Motmainna ◽  
Abdul Shukor Juraimi ◽  
Md. Kamal Uddin ◽  
Norhayu Binti Asib ◽  
A. K. M. Mominul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Natural Herbicide ◽  
Cleome Rutidosperma

Natural product-based herbicides could be the effective alternatives to synthetic chemical herbicides for eco-friendly weed management. This research, therefore, was conducted to identify the phytotoxic properties of Parthenium hysterophorus L., Cleome rutidosperma DC. and Borreria alata (Aubl.) DC. with a view to introducing them as a tool for natural herbicide development. The methanol extracts of these plants were examined on the germination and growth of Zea mays L., Oryza sativa L., Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench and Amaranthus gangeticus L., Oryza sativa f. Spontanea Roshev. (Weedy rice), Echinochloa colona (L.) Link., Euphorbia hirta L., and Ageratum conyzoides L. under laboratory and glasshouse conditions. A complete randomized design (CRD) with five replications and randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications were laid out for laboratory and glasshouse experiments, respectively. In the laboratory experiment, three plant extracts of 0, 6.25, 12.5, 50, and 100 g L−1 were tested on survival rate, hypocotyl, and radicle length of eight test plant species. No seed germination of A. conzyoides, E. hirta, and A. gangeticus were recorded when P. hysterophorus extract was applied at 50 g L−1. C. rutidosperma had the same effect on those plants at 100 g L−1. In the glasshouse, similar extracts and concentrations used in the laboratory experiments were sprayed on at the 2–3 leaf stage for grasses and 4–6 for the broadleaf species. Tested plants were less sensitive to C. rutidosperma and B. alata compared to P. hysterophorus extract. Among the weeds and crops, A. conyzoides, E. hirta, A. esculentus and A. gangeticus were mostly inhibited by P. hysterophorus extract at 100 g L−1. Based on these results, P. hysterophorus was the most phytotoxic among the tested plant extracts and could be used for developing a new natural herbicide for green agriculture.

scholarly journals Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Ageratum conyzoides, Oryza sativa f. spontanea (Weedy Rice) and Cyperus iria to Parthenium hysterophorus Methanol Extract

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1205
Author(s):  
Mst. Motmainna ◽  
Abdul Shukor Juraimi ◽  
Md. Kamal Uddin ◽  
Norhayu Binti Asib ◽  
A. K. M. Mominul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Glasshouse Condition ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

The current study was designed to investigate the effect of Parthenium hysterophorus L. methanol extract on Ageratum conyzoides L., Oryza sativa f. spontanea (weedy rice) and Cyperus iria L. in glasshouse condition. Here, Parthenium hysterophorus methanol extract at 20, 40, and 60 g L−1 concentrations was applied on the test species to examine their physiological and biochemical responses at 6, 24, 48 and 72 h after spraying (HAS). The phytotoxicity of P. hysterophorus was strong on A. conyzoides compared to weedy rice and Cyperus iria at different concentrations and exposure times. There was a reduction in photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration, chlorophyll content and carotenoid content when plants were treated with P. hysterophorus extract concentrations. Exposure to P. hysterophorus (60 g L−1) at 24 HAS increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline content by 152% and 130%, respectively, in A. conyzoides compared with control. The activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD)) were also increased in the presence of P. hysterophorus extract. Present findings confirm that the methanol extract of P. hysterophorus can disrupt the physiological and biochemical mechanism of target weeds and could be used as an alternative to chemical herbicides.

Weedy Rice Diversity in Southern Brazil

Weed Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
Leonard Bonilla Piveta ◽  
José Alberto Noldin ◽  
Nilda Roma-Burgos ◽  
Vívian Ebeling Viana ◽  
Lariza Benedetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Flowering Synchrony

Abstract Weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most troublesome weeds affecting rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in many countries. Weedy rice control is difficult in rice fields because the weed and crop are phenotypically and morphologically similar. Weedy rice can be a source of genetic diversity to cultivated rice. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the morphological diversity of weedy rice in Southern Brazil. Qualitative and quantitative traits of 249 accessions from eight rice growing mesoregions in Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and Santa Catarina (SC) states were analyzed. For each accession, 24 morphological descriptors (14 qualitative and 10 quantitative) were evaluated. All the 249 accessions from RS and SC are of indica lineage. Considering all the phenotypic traits evaluated, the accessions separated into 14 distinct groups. One of the largest groups consisted of plants that were predominantly tall and with green leaves, intermediate shattering, and variable in flowering time. Distinct subgroups exist within larger clusters, showing discernable phenotypic diversity within the main clusters. The variability in flowering time was high (77 to 110 d after emergence), indicating high potential for flowering synchrony with rice cultivars and, consequently, gene flow. This indicates the need to remove escapes when planting herbicide-resistant rice. Thus, weedy rice populations in Southern Brazil are highly diverse and this diversity could result in variable response to weed management.

Genetic characteristics of Korean weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.) by RFLP analysis

Euphytica ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Chan Cho ◽  
Tae-Young Chung ◽  
Hak-Soo Suh
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Genetic Characteristics

Effects of winter flooding on weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1232-1240 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fogliatto ◽  
F. Vidotto ◽  
A. Ferrero
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Winter Flooding

scholarly journals Gene flow from single and stacked herbicide-resistant rice (Oryza sativa): modeling occurrence of multiple herbicide-resistant weedy rice

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Dauer ◽  
Andrew Hulting ◽  
Dale Carlson ◽  
Luke Mankin ◽  
John Harden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Herbicide Resistant

Microtubules Dynamics Regulates Mesocotyl Elongation in Rice

2014 ◽  
Vol 513-517 ◽  
pp. 4277-4280
Author(s):  
Li Li ◽  
Che Wang ◽  
Qian Liang ◽  
Dian Rong Ma ◽  
Wen Fu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Mesocotyl Elongation

Mesocotyl elongation in rice is essential for seedling emergence. Our previous screening identified weedy rice accessions (Oryza sativa f. spontanea L.) (WR04-6) with unusual long mesocotyl. In this study, using rice cultivar Akihikari (Oryza sativa, subspecies japonica) as control, we observed that weedy rice accessions display more extensive microtubules (MTs) depolymerization in the early stage of mesocotyl elongation. At the end of mesocotyl elongation, the predominant MTs in weedy rice are transversely oriented, while, Akihikari has oblique MTs arrays.

Pink-awned weedy rice (Oryza sativa ): a potential conduit for gene exchange in rice agro-ecosystems

Weed Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 369-378
Author(s):  
C C Vigueira ◽  
N R Burgos ◽  
A L Lawton-Rauh
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Gene Exchange
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