Nature and Value of Freely Dissolved EPS Ecosystem Services: Insight into Molecular Coupling Mechanisms for Regulating Metal Toxicity

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 457-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijun Shou ◽  
Fuxing Kang ◽  
Jiahao Lu
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Metal Toxicity ◽  
Coupling Mechanisms ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals Potential of Biotechnology in Phytoremediation

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 622-627
Author(s):  
Misbah Khan ◽  
Javid I Mir
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Soil Resources ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
Tools And Techniques ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Inorganic And Organic Contaminants

The accumulation of toxic substances involving the inorganic and organic contaminants in the soil is a global problem. Status of the World's Soil Resources Report (SWSR) recognized soil pollution as one of the main reasons affecting global soils and the ecosystem services provided by them. However, transgenic approaches utilizing the biodegradation capabilities of microbes and mammals into plants pledge an efficient and eco-friendly approach to renewing the environment. An effective method of phytoremediation involves an enhanced rate of pollutant uptake by the plant, followed by the detoxification of the chemicals absorbed or translocated. It also involves the production of genetically modified herbicide-resistant plants for herbicide remediation and exploits the principles of biotechnology and molecular biology for the introduction and improvement of potentially superior genes into plants. This review discusses the various transgenic approaches involved in the phytoremediation of persistent organic pollutants, metals, metalloids, and explosives. Besides, it also focuses on the limitations of transgenics and provides an insight into the future potential of emerging biotechnological tools and techniques in this field.

scholarly journals Demand-side Value for Ecosystem Services and Implications for Innovative Markets: Experimental Perspectives on the Possibility of Private Markets for Public Goods

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen K. Swallow
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Market Incentives ◽  
Private Provision ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Insight Into

Environmental economists invest in measuring the value of the environment but put less effort toward integrating that value directly into the economy. Experimental economists evaluate the performance of mechanisms to fund public goods but in some cases offer limited insight into practical implications for developing markets. This discussion presents initial insights into applying mechanisms for private provision of public goods based on demand-side values rather than regulatory-based market incentives such as cap-and-trade policies. Consideration of mechanisms to generate revenue inspires field tests that could direct experiments using threshold public goods and Lindahl's framework toward applications that transform value into revenue.

scholarly journals Synchrony and entrainment properties of robust circadian oscillators

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Bagheri ◽  
Stephanie R Taylor ◽  
Kirsten Meeker ◽  
Linda R Petzold ◽  
Francis J Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Biological Networks ◽  
Coupled Oscillators ◽  
Biological Clock ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Robust Performance ◽  
Circadian Oscillators ◽  
Control Objective ◽  
Single Oscillator ◽  
Coupling Mechanisms ◽  
Insight Into

Systems theoretic tools (i.e. mathematical modelling, control, and feedback design) advance the understanding of robust performance in complex biological networks. We highlight phase entrainment as a key performance measure used to investigate dynamics of a single deterministic circadian oscillator for the purpose of generating insight into the behaviour of a population of (synchronized) oscillators. More specifically, the analysis of phase characteristics may facilitate the identification of appropriate coupling mechanisms for the ensemble of noisy (stochastic) circadian clocks. Phase also serves as a critical control objective to correct mismatch between the biological clock and its environment. Thus, we introduce methods of investigating synchrony and entrainment in both stochastic and deterministic frameworks, and as a property of a single oscillator or population of coupled oscillators.

Urban expansion depletes cultural ecosystem services: an insight into a Mediterranean coastline

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Laura Carranza ◽  
Mita Drius ◽  
Flavio Marzialetti ◽  
Marco Malavasi ◽  
Maria Carla de Francesco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Cultural Ecosystem Services ◽  
Insight Into

Soil microbial interconnections along ecological restoration gradients of lowland forests after slash-and-burn agriculture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Lin ◽  
Francisco Dini-Andreote ◽  
Lingjuan Li ◽  
Ruma Umari ◽  
Vojtech Novotny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Ecosystem Restoration ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Slash And Burn ◽  
Slash And Burn Agriculture ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Lowland Forests ◽  
Successional Stages ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Microbial interconnections in soil are pivotal to ecosystem services and restoration. However, little is known about how soil microbial interconnections respond to slash-and-burn agriculture and to the subsequent ecosystem restoration after the practice. Here, we used amplicon sequencing and co-occurrence network analyses to explore the interconnections within soil bacterial and fungal communities in response to slash-and-burn practice and a spontaneous restoration (spanning ca. 60 years) of tropical forests after the practice, in Papua New Guinea. We found significantly higher complexity and greater variations in fungal networks than in those of bacteria, despite no significant changes observed in bacterial or fungal networks across successional stages. Within most successional stages, bacterial core co-occurrences (co-occurrences consistently present across all sub-networks in a stage) were more frequent than those of fungi, indicating higher stability of interconnections between bacteria along succession. The stable interconnections occurred frequently between bacterial taxa (i.e. Sporosarcina, Acidimicrobiale and Bacillaceae) and between ectomycorrhizal fungi (Boletaceae and Russula ochroleuca), implying important ecological roles of these taxa in the ecosystem restoration. Collectively, our results provide new insight into microbial interconnections in response to slash-and-burn agriculture and the subsequent ecosystem restoration, thus promoting a better understanding of microbial roles in ecosystem services and restoration.

scholarly journals No Tradeoff in Fiber Quality with Increased Cotton Yield Due to Outcross Pollination

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6079
Author(s):  
Sarah Cusser ◽  
Shalene Jha
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Fiber Yield ◽  
Fiber Fineness ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Insight Into

The societal and economic benefits of ecosystem services are both immense and multi-faceted. To holistically quantify the contribution of pollinators to agriculture requires measuring multiple indices of crop production beyond crop yield. Here, we conduct a field-based hand pollination experiment to measure the effects of self and outcross pollen on fiber yield and quality in conventionally managed cotton crops. First, we determine how different pollination treatments affect specific indices of fiber yield and fiber quality, including fiber length and fineness. Second, we investigate the suggested tradeoff between fiber yield and quality. We find that flowers receiving outcross pollen produce larger, heavier bolls than either self-crossed or non-crossed flowers. However, contrary to expectation, flowers of different treatments are indistinguishable in terms of fiber quality. Overall, we find that pollination treatment has no discernable effect on either fiber length or fiber fineness. Understanding the contribution of ecosystem services across multiple axes provides growers with information concerning potential tradeoffs or synergies, and offers insight into management decisions.

scholarly journals Supply–Demand Coupling Mechanisms for Policy Design

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 5760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Jiang ◽  
Yuanyuan Chen ◽  
Yang Bai ◽  
Xibao Xu
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Payments For Ecosystem Services ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Services Science ◽  
Coupling Mechanisms

Ecosystem services are important for sustaining human survival and sustainable socio-economic development. For the past two decades, ecosystem services studies have greatly promoted the application of ecosystem services science in conservation. As a scientific method to integrate multi-regional and multi-scale ecosystem service providers and beneficiaries, ecosystem service supply and demand coupling mechanisms and payments for ecosystem services programs are closely linked. In this paper, we first provide an overview of the payments for ecosystem services concept and an evaluation of its effectiveness in implementation. We then analyze the correlation between payments for ecosystem services and supply–demand coupling mechanisms and propose a framework to link these two ideas. China’s practice in implementing ecological redline policy and institutional reforms for protected area management will provide a good experimental platform for comprehensive payments for ecosystem service design and effectiveness evaluation within China and beyond.

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