Optimization of extraction techniques for processing and utilization of Cyperus Dichrostachus A. Rich Plant as fiber

The Textile industry is an important contributor to the GDP of countries worldwide. Both natural and synthetic fibers are the main raw materials for this sector. Environmental concerns, depletion of non-renewable resources, the high price of oil and limited oil reserves with consumer demand is driving research into cheap, biodegradable, sustainable, renewable and abundantly available green materials. Natural fibers are of the good substitute sources for swapping synthetic fibers and reinforcing polymer matrices because of their contributions in maintaining of ecology, nature of disposal, low energy requirement for processing and sustainability. The current research emphases on evaluating and determining the best extraction methods to process and treat cyperus Dichrostachus A.Rich plant in order to make the fiber suitable for variety of applications. Cyperus Dichrostachus A.Rich plant was treated with two conditions (cold and warm conditions) using statistically planned tests. Process conditions were optimised using central composite design methodology with the experimental design. Under optimised conditions, the strength and fiber yield of CDA fibers were significantly compared. The strength and fiber yield of the fiber was at maximized with optimized conditions and use for valorisation applications.

Productivity and quality of fiber’s varieties and selection numbers of flax in the Urals of the nonblack earth zone of Russia

In the Ural of the nonblack earth zone of Russia, fiber flax variety Diane from France and selection number ER-138 from Russia stood out in fiber yield. One of the parameters for obtaining a homogeneous fiber of fiber flax is the technical length of the stem - not less than 60 cm, the thickness of the stem - not less than 500 units. The selection number K4196 × 1288/12 and the variety TOST 4 from Russia, which were characterized by a high technical length (61.2 - 61.8 cm) and dryness (472 - 509 units) of the stem in all the years of study in relation to the standard grade. The indicated breeding numbers and varieties, distinguished by yield, technical length and stem thickness, can serve as a starting material in the breeding process. Keywords: FIBER FLAX, VARIETY, BREEDING NUMBER, YIELD, FIBER, TECHNICAL LENGTH, MYKLOST

The yield of washed fiber and performance indicators in young rams of the taurian type askanian fine fleece breed

Under market conditions, the increase in wool and lamb production should not only increase the livestock number, but also increase its productivity. The significant reserve is also to improve the quality of raw materials produced. The aim of the research was to identify the features of wool and meat productivity in young rams of the Taurian type Askanian fine fleece breed the taking into account an in-depth assessment of the washed fiber yield and subsequent use of the obtained data in the selection-breeding work with sheep. The young rams of the Taurian type Askanian fine fleece breed were used for research. The formed groups were characterized by low, medium and high yield of washed fiber. The results of the studies showed an advantage in all research parameters in young rams with an average yield of washed fiber. Therefore, it is proposed to direct the selection-breeding work to improve live weight and physical and mechanical properties of wool in young rams with high yields of washed fiber (more than 60.1%), which will allow to obtain more profits not only from the wool sale but from the sale of mutton, and to reject lambs with a low washed fiber yield to prevent the transmission of this trait to their offspring.

Search for ways to increase yield and improve product quality in the process of saw ginning

This article presents the results of research on increasing fiber yield and improving product quality by using a new design of the vas deferens from the working chamber. It has been experimentally established that the most rational in terms of yield and quality of fiber, seeds and gin productivity is the position of the seed comb when the axes of its pegs are directed 5-10 degrees above the axis of the saw cylinder. The smallest value of complete hairiness of seeds after gin was obtained when installing a lamellar seed comb. Its average value was 13.8%. At the same time, the fiber yield was maximum - 34.66%, and the highest productivity - 8.5 kg of fiber per saw per hour. The influence of the distance between the ends of the seed comb pegs and grates at their values of 10, 20, 30 mm on the ginning indices was investigated. A distance of 20 mm is recognized as optimal taking into account all indicators - fiber yield, complete pubescence, productivity, quality of fiber and seeds. An experimental working chamber equipped with lamellar combs was made. It has been tested in the production conditions of a pilot cotton mill.

Estimating Yield Components, Limiting Factors, and Yield Gaps of Enset in Ethiopia Using Easily Measurable Above-Ground Plant Traits

The quantification of yield for different enset products has mainly been based on farmers’ estimates, which are often inaccurate. Several allometric models have been developed to overcome this challenge. Building on past work, the current study developed allometric models for enset fiber, kocho, and bula yield estimation. Enset yield limiting factors and associated yield gaps were also determined. In this study, above-ground growth and yield (kocho, bula, and fiber) traits of five-year-old plants of two widely grown enset landraces, ‘Unjame’ and ‘Siskela’, were assessed in farmers’ fields at three contrasting altitude sites. Except for bula, a minor yield component, correlation, and PCA analysis showed strong association between the above-ground and yield traits. Allometric equations based on the above-ground traits significantly (R2 = 25 to 68%) explained the variation in the yield traits. This study, for the first time, generated allometric models that can reliably estimate enset fiber yield. Leaf length, petiole length, and plant height are especially good for estimating fiber and kocho yields. The performance of models for bula were poor possibly due to the very low bula yields per plant. Soil chemical characteristics differently influenced enset yield attributes. For example, improving K supply can potentially enhance fiber yield. Higher yield gaps were observed for bula, with P accounting for the highest yield gaps across yield traits. Through careful targeting, the different yield attributes can thus be enhanced. This and previous studies clearly show that non-destructive enset plant assessments can provide solid information for quick and easy yield assessments for various traits during e.g., agronomic, germplasm evaluation, soil fertility enhancement, and intercropping trials.

High-resolution genetic map construction and QTL analysis of important fiber traits in kenaf using RAD-seq

Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping is a useful method for revealing the mechanism of complex genetic traits and identifying new genomic information to accelerate crop improvement. In the present study, 154 F2:3 strains and their parents were used for restriction site-associated DNA sequencing, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) identification, and genetic map construction. After filtering based on stringent filtering standards, 297.5 Gb of clean data were obtained. Further, 5,191 polymorphic SNP markers were identified from each sample, of which 1,997 polymorphic SNP markers were successfully mapped onto 18 different linkage groups. Six QTLs (QPH, QFBW, QDBW, QFW, QFT, and QFC) were identified based on the genetic map using the multiple QTL mapping (MQM) method, which were then assigned to three linkage groups, LG16, LG8, and LG3. QPH, QFBW, QDBW, and QFW were related to fiber yield, while QFT and QFC were related to fiber quality. This is the first study of its kind to map QTL of fiber yield and fiber quality, which will facilitate further understanding of the molecular genetic basis of these traits. However, there are limitations regarding the utilization of this map because several large gaps remain in some linkage groups. Therefore, additional markers need to be developed to further narrow these regions.

CORRELATIONS BETWEEN FIBER OUTPUT AND SOME ECONOMICALLY VALUABLE CHARACTERISTICS IN COTTON LINES IN DIFFERENT CULTIVATION REGIONS

Phenotypic correlations were determined between fiber yield and some economic traits in ten lines of medium-fiber cotton Gossypium hirsutum grown in three different regions of Uzbekistan. It is noted that there is a direct relationship of average strength between the fiber yield and the length of the growing season. KEYWORDS: cotton, phenotype, correlation, fiber yield, growing season length, fiber quality, productivity