scholarly journals Evaluation of Monochloramine and Free Chlorine Penetration in a Drinking Water Storage Tank Sediment Using Microelectrodes

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (16) ◽  
pp. 9352-9360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Liu ◽  
David G. Wahman ◽  
Jonathan G. Pressman
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Free Chlorine ◽  
Water Storage Tank

scholarly journals The effectiveness of large household water storage tanks for protecting the quality of drinking water

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay P. Graham ◽  
James VanDerslice
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Free Chlorine ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Water Delivery ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Total Coliforms

Many communities along the US-México border remain without infrastructure for water and sewage. Residents in these communities often collect and store their water in open 55-gallon drums. This study evaluated changes in drinking water quality resulting from an intervention that provided large closed water storage tanks (2,500-gallons) to individual homes lacking a piped water supply. After the intervention, many of the households did not change the source of their drinking water to the large storage tanks. Therefore, water quality results were first compared based on the source of the household's drinking water: store or vending machine, large tank, or collected from a public supply and transported by the household. Of the households that used the large storage tank as their drinking water supply, drinking water quality was generally of poorer quality. Fifty-four percent of samples collected prior to intervention had detectable levels of total coliforms, while 82% of samples were positive nine months after the intervention (p < 0.05). Exploratory analyses were also carried out to measure water quality at different points between collection by water delivery trucks and delivery to the household's large storage tank. Thirty percent of the samples taken immediately after water was delivered to the home had high total coliforms (>10 CFU/100 ml). Mean free chlorine levels dropped from 0.43 mg/l, where the trucks filled their tanks, to 0.20 mg/l inside the household's tank immediately after delivery. Results of this study have implications for interventions that focus on safe water treatment and storage in the home, and for guidelines regarding the level of free chlorine required in water delivered by water delivery trucks.

scholarly journals Numerical simulation of the hydrodynamics and turbulent mixing process in a drinking water storage tank

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio J. Moncho-Esteve ◽  
Guillermo Palau-Salvador ◽  
Wernher Brevis ◽  
Markus O. Vaas ◽  
Petra A. López-Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Turbulent Mixing ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Mixing Process ◽  
Water Storage Tank

Energy-saving analysis of air source heat pump integrated with a water storage tank for heating applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 107029
Author(s):  
Pin Wu ◽  
Zhichao Wang ◽  
Xiaofeng Li ◽  
Zhaowei Xu ◽  
Yingxia Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Water Storage Tank ◽  
Air Source Heat Pump

scholarly journals The effect of household storage tanks/vessels and user practices on the quality of water: a systematic review of literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Musa Manga ◽  
Timothy G. Ngobi ◽  
Lawrence Okeny ◽  
Pamela Acheng ◽  
Hidaya Namakula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Water Storage Tank ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Vessel Material

Abstract Background Household water storage remains a necessity in many communities worldwide, especially in the developing countries. Water storage often using tanks/vessels is envisaged to be a source of water contamination, along with related user practices. Several studies have investigated this phenomenon, albeit in isolation. This study aimed at developing a systematic review, focusing on the impacts of water storage tank/vessel features and user practices on water quality. Methods Database searches for relevant peer-reviewed papers and grey literature were done. A systematic criterion was set for the selection of publications and after scrutinizing 1106 records, 24 were selected. These were further subjected to a quality appraisal, and data was extracted from them to complete the review. Results and discussion Microbiological and physicochemical parameters were the basis for measuring water quality in storage tanks or vessels. Water storage tank/vessel material and retention time had the highest effect on stored water quality along with age, colour, design, and location. Water storage tank/vessel cleaning and hygiene practices like tank/vessel covering were the user practices most investigated by researchers in the literature reviewed and they were seen to have an impact on stored water quality. Conclusions There is evidence in the literature that storage tanks/vessels, and user practices affect water quality. Little is known about the optimal tank/vessel cleaning frequency to ensure safe drinking water quality. More research is required to conclusively determine the best matrix of tank/vessel features and user practices to ensure good water quality.

scholarly journals Minimum Number of Experimental Data for the Thermal Characterization of a Hot Water Storage Tank

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4741
Author(s):  
María Gasque ◽  
Federico Ibáñez ◽  
Pablo González-Altozano
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Temperature Profile ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Experimental Temperature ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Water Storage Tank ◽  
Minimum Number

This paper demonstrates that it is possible to characterize the water temperature profile and its temporal trend in a hot water storage tank during the thermal charge process, using a minimum number of thermocouples (TC), with minor differences compared to experimental data. Four experimental tests (two types of inlet and two water flow rates) were conducted in a 950 L capacity tank. For each experimental test (with 12 TC), four models were developed using a decreasing number of TC (7, 4, 3 and 2, respectively). The results of the estimation of water temperature obtained with each of the four models were compared with those of a fifth model performed with 12 TC. All models were tested for constant inlet temperature. Very acceptable results were achieved (RMSE between 0.2065 °C and 0.8706 °C in models with 3 TC). The models were also useful to estimate the water temperature profile and the evolution of thermocline thickness even with only 3 TC (RMSE between 0.00247 °C and 0.00292 °C). A comparison with a CFD model was carried out to complete the study with very small differences between both approaches when applied to the estimation of the instantaneous temperature profile. The proposed methodology has proven to be very effective in estimating several of the temperature-based indices commonly employed to evaluate thermal stratification in water storage tanks, with only two or three experimental temperature data measurements. It can also be used as a complementary tool to other techniques such as the validation of numerical simulations or in cases where only a few experimental temperature values are available.

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