scholarly journals Real-Time Laboratory Measurements of VOC Emissions, Removal Rates, and Byproduct Formation from Consumer-Grade Oxidation-Based Air Cleaners

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Ye ◽  
Jordan E. Krechmer ◽  
Joshua D. Shutter ◽  
Victoria P. Barber ◽  
Yaowei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Voc Emissions ◽  
Air Cleaners ◽  
Byproduct Formation

scholarly journals Evaluation of an Integrated Smart Sensor System for Real-Time Characterization and Digitalization of Postoperative Abdominal Drain Output: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 155335062110314
Author(s):  
Mario V. Roser ◽  
Alexander H. R. Frank ◽  
Lea Henrichs ◽  
Christian Heiliger ◽  
Dorian Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Sensor System ◽  
Smart Sensor ◽  
Routine Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
Abdominal Drain ◽  
First Time

Background: For centuries, surgeons have relied on surgical drains during postoperative care. Despite all advances in modern medicine and the area of digitalization, as of today, most if not all assessment of abdominal secretions excreted via surgical drains are carried out manually. We here introduce a novel integrated Smart Sensor System ( Smart Drain) that allows for real-time characterization and digitalization of postoperative abdominal drain output at the patient’s bedside. Methods: A prototype of the Smart Drain was developed using a sophisticated spectrometer for assessment of drain output. The prototype measures 10 × 6 × 6 cm and therefore easily fits at the bedside. At the time of measurement with our Smart Drain, the drain output was additionally sent off to be analyzed in our routine laboratory for typical markers of interest in abdominal surgery such as bilirubin, lipase, amylase, triglycerides, urea, protein, and red blood cells. A total of 45 samples from 19 patients were included. Results: The measurements generated were found to correlate with conventional laboratory measurements for bilirubin (r = .658, P = .000), lipase (r = .490, P = .002), amylase (r = .571, P = .000), triglycerides (r = .803, P = .000), urea (r = .326, P = .033), protein (r = .387, P = .012), and red blood cells (r = .904, P = .000). Conclusions: To our best knowledge, for the first time we describe a device using a sophisticated spectrometer that allows for real-time characterization and digitalization of postoperative abdominal drain output at the patient’s bedside.

Laboratory measurements of methane desorption behavior on coal under different modes of real-time microwave loading

Adsorption ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijun Wang ◽  
Xiaojuan Wang ◽  
Xiaotong Ma ◽  
Xianming Li ◽  
Zhiguan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
Methane Desorption

Frequency-selective Fading Simulator for Real-time Laboratory Measurements

Frequenz ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (5-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir D. Orlic ◽  
Miroslav Peric ◽  
Aleksej Makarov
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Selective Fading ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
Frequency Selective Fading ◽  
Frequency Selective ◽  
Fading Simulator

scholarly journals Direct and Real-Time Analysis in a Plasma Reactor Using a Compact FT-ICR MS: Degradation of Acetone in Nitrogen and Byproduct Formation

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1579-1586
Author(s):  
Sébastien Thomas ◽  
Nicole Blin-Simiand ◽  
Michel Héninger ◽  
Pascal Jeanney ◽  
Joel Lemaire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Time Analysis ◽  
Real Time Analysis ◽  
Byproduct Formation ◽  
Ft Icr Ms ◽  
Ft Icr

Equation-of-State-Based Downhole Fluid Characterization

SPE Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Y. Zuo ◽  
Dan Zhang ◽  
Francois Dubost ◽  
Chengli Dong ◽  
Oliver C. Mullins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Equation Of State ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Compositional Data ◽  
Full Length ◽  
New Method ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
Gas Chromatograph ◽  
Pvt Properties ◽  
Fluid Characterization ◽  
Good Agreement

Summary Downhole fluid analysis (DFA), together with focused-sampling techniques and wireline-formation-tester (WFT) tools, provides real-time measurements of reservoir-fluid properties such as the compositions of four or five hydrocarbon components/groups and gas/oil ratio (GOR). With the introduction of a new generation of DFA tools that analyze fluids at downhole conditions, the accuracy and reliability of the DFA measurements are improved significantly. Furthermore, downhole measurements of live-fluid densities are integrated into the new tools. Direct pressure and temperature measurements of the flowline ensure capture of accurate fluid conditions. To enhance these advanced features further, a new method of downhole fluid characterization based on the equation-of-state (EOS) approach is proposed in this work. The motivation for this work is to develop a new approach to maximize the value of DFA data, perform quality assurance or quality control of DFA data, and establish a fluid model for DFA log predictions along with DFA fluid profiling. The basic inputs from DFA measurements are weight percentages of CO2, C1, C2, C3–C5 and C6+, along with live-fluid density and viscosity. A new method was developed in this work to delump and characterize the DFA measurements of C3–C5 (or C2–C5) and C6+ into full-length compositional data. The full-length compositional data predicted by the new method were compared with the laboratory-measured gas chromatograph data up to C30+ for more than 1,000 fluids, including heavy oil, conventional black oil, volatile oil, rich gas condensate, lean gas condensate, and wet gas. These fluids have a GOR range of 8–140,000 scf/STB and a gravity range from 9 to 50°API. A good agreement was achieved between the delumped and gas-chromatograph compositions. In addition, on the basis of the delumped and characterized full-length compositional data, EOS models were established that can be applied to predict fluid-phase behavior and physical properties by virtue of DFA data as inputs. The EOS predictions were validated and compared with the laboratory-measured pressure/volume/temperature (PVT) properties for more than 1,000 fluids. The GOR, formation-volume factor, density, and viscosity predictions were in good agreement with the laboratory measurements. The established EOS model then was able to predict other PVT properties, and the results were compared with the laboratory measurements in good agreement. Consequently, the established EOS models have laid a solid foundation for DFA log predictions in DFA fluid profiling, which has been integrated successfully with DFA measurements in real time to delineate compositional and asphaltene gradients in oil columns and to determine reservoir connectivity. The latter results are beyond the scope of this work and have been given in separate technical papers.

Understanding drought induced responses in leaf and root CO2 and VOC fluxes through position specific isotope labelling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Erik Daber ◽  
Ines Bamberger ◽  
S. Nemiah Ladd ◽  
Jürgen Kreuzwieser ◽  
Jane Fudyma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Voc Emissions ◽  
Biosphere 2 ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Leaves And Roots ◽  
Ecosystem Manipulation

<p>Climate change exerts increasing pressure on tropical rainforests enhancing their susceptibility to environmental stress. Plants' abilities to rapidly adjust their metabolism are critical for reducing the stress effects caused by extreme external conditions. Plants produce a wide spectrum of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to cope with oxidative and thermal stress. The distribution and amount of VOC production thereby vary greatly not only among species but also organs, such as leaves and roots. Within the framework of our large-scale ecosystem manipulation experiment, Biosphere 2 Water, Atmosphere, and Life Dynamics (B2-WALD), we aimed to produce deeper insights into carbon partitioning between primary and secondary metabolism under drought stress, notably into CO<sub>2</sub> and VOCs.</p><p>In particular, we investigated how drought stress influences organ-specific carbon allocation between processes of primary and secondary metabolisms and to what extent allocation into secondary metabolism protects plants from drought. The tropical rainforest mesocosm in Biosphere 2, University of Arizona, provides a unique system for ecosystem manipulation studies. We implemented a drought stress experiment, excluding rainfall for two months. To investigate changes in carbon allocation, we performed labelling experiments with position-specific <sup>13</sup>C-labelled pyruvate on leaves and roots of several tropical tree and shrub species before and during the drought period. We used <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> laser spectroscopy and high-sensitivity proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry to enable real-time analysis of metabolic pathways and carbon turnover, using leaf- and root-chambers to quantify fluxes.</p><p>Considering our preliminary results, net CO<sub>2 </sub>assimilation strongly declined under rain exclusion, due to stomatal closure. Consequently, respiration rates declined strongly in leaves as well as in roots. The response of VOC emissions, however, varied among organs. In leaves, we found that the emission of some VOCs declined under drought stress (acetone, monoterpenes), while other fluxes increased or stayed the same (isoprene). We will present detailed data on [1-13C]- and [2-13C]-pyruvate allocation within primary and secondary metabolism, such as decarboxylation processes and VOC-production. To our knowledge, this is the first time that real-time measurements of <sup>13</sup>C-labelled root VOC-emissions were conducted, enabling this comparative analysis of drought induced stress effects on leaf- and root-emissions.</p>

Some Recent Results in Quiescent Prominence Spectrometry

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Donald A. Landman
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Computer System ◽  
Spectral Response ◽  
Absolute Intensity ◽  
Solar Observatory ◽  
Target Size ◽  
Small Target ◽  
Signal Averaging ◽  
Quiescent Prominence

This paper describes some recent results of our quiescent prominence spectrometry program at the Mees Solar Observatory on Haleakala. The observations were made with the 25 cm coronagraph/coudé spectrograph system using a silicon vidicon detector. This detector consists of 500 contiguous channels covering approximately 6 or 80 Å, depending on the grating used. The instrument is interfaced to the Observatory’s PDP 11/45 computer system, and has the important advantages of wide spectral response, linearity and signal-averaging with real-time display. Its principal drawback is the relatively small target size. For the present work, the aperture was about 3″ × 5″. Absolute intensity calibrations were made by measuring quiet regions near sun center.

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