Effects of Dimethyl Methylphosphonate, Aluminum Hydroxide, Ammonium Polyphosphate, and Expandable Graphite on the Flame Retardancy and Thermal Properties of Polyisocyanurate–Polyurethane Foams

The current study aims at comparatively investigating the effect of apparent density on flame retardancy, thermal degradation and combustion behaviors of rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF), RPUF/ expandable graphite (EG) and RPUF/ ammonium polyphosphate (APP). A series of RPUF, RPUF/EG and RPUF/APP samples with different apparent densities (30, 60 and 90 kg/m3) were prepared. The flame retardancy, thermal degradation, and combustion behaviors of each sample were investigated. Limiting oxygen index (LOI) results indicated that increasing apparent density was beneficial to the flame retardancy of all foam systems. The effect of apparent density on the enhancement of flame retardancy followed the sequence of RPUF < RPUF/APP < RPUF/EG. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed that an increase in the apparent density can cause more weight loss in the first degradation stage and less weight loss in the second degradation stage for all foam systems. The combustion behaviors also showed significant differences. The samples with a higher apparent density showed a longer duration of heat release and higher total heat release (THR). The findings in this study demonstrated that apparent density played an important role in flame retardancy, thermal degradation, and combustion behaviors of RPUF, which must be paid more attention in the studies of flame-retardant RPUF.

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Expandable graphite systems for phosphorus-containing unsaturated polyesters. I. Enhanced thermal properties and flame retardancy

Polymer Degradation and Stability ◽

10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2004.04.020 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 86 (2) ◽

pp. 339-348 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

Yeng-Fong Shih ◽

Yih-Tyng Wang ◽

Ru-Jong Jeng ◽

Kuo-Min Wei

Keyword(s):

Thermal Properties ◽

Flame Retardancy ◽

Expandable Graphite ◽

Unsaturated Polyesters ◽

Phosphorus Containing

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Synergistic effects of expandable graphite with magnesium hydroxide on the flame retardancy and thermal properties of polypropylene

Polymer Engineering & Science ◽

10.1002/pen.20867 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 47 (11) ◽

pp. 1756-1760 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Xiaolang Chen ◽

Hong Wu ◽

Zhu Luo ◽

Bo Yang ◽

Shaoyun Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Properties ◽

Magnesium Hydroxide ◽

Flame Retardancy ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Expandable Graphite

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Influence of Organoclay on the Flame Retardancy and Thermal Insulation Property of Expandable Graphite/Polyurethane Foam

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2019/4794106 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nhung Hac Thi ◽

Duy Linh Pham ◽

Nguyen Thi Hanh ◽

Ho Thi Oanh ◽

Thi Hai Yen Duong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Thermal Insulation ◽

Flame Retardancy ◽

Polyurethane Foams ◽

Expandable Graphite ◽

Insulation Property ◽

Limiting Oxygen Index ◽

Thermal Insulation Property ◽

The One ◽

Polyurethane Composites

The rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) filled with organoclay cloisite 20A and expandable graphite (EG) were prepared by the one-step expanding foam method. Flame behavior, mechanical properties, and thermal conductivity of the composites were investigated. The vertical burning test (UL-94V) and limiting oxygen index (LOI) showed that the flame retardancy was increased proportionally with the content of EG in PU composite. However, the presence of EG filler impaired the thermal insulation and the compressive strength of the composite. In this report, we proved that organoclay could improve the compressive strength, thermal insulation, and flame retardancy of EG/polyurethane composites. This work can contribute to the development of environment-friendly flame-retardant products for green growth.

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