scholarly journals Influence of Organoclay on the Flame Retardancy and Thermal Insulation Property of Expandable Graphite/Polyurethane Foam

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nhung Hac Thi ◽  
Duy Linh Pham ◽  
Nguyen Thi Hanh ◽  
Ho Thi Oanh ◽  
Thi Hai Yen Duong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Expandable Graphite ◽  
Insulation Property ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Thermal Insulation Property ◽  
The One ◽  
Polyurethane Composites

The rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) filled with organoclay cloisite 20A and expandable graphite (EG) were prepared by the one-step expanding foam method. Flame behavior, mechanical properties, and thermal conductivity of the composites were investigated. The vertical burning test (UL-94V) and limiting oxygen index (LOI) showed that the flame retardancy was increased proportionally with the content of EG in PU composite. However, the presence of EG filler impaired the thermal insulation and the compressive strength of the composite. In this report, we proved that organoclay could improve the compressive strength, thermal insulation, and flame retardancy of EG/polyurethane composites. This work can contribute to the development of environment-friendly flame-retardant products for green growth.

scholarly journals Vermiculite Filler Modified with Casein, Chitosan, and Potato Protein as a Flame Retardant for Polyurethane Foams

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10825
Author(s):  
Karolina Miedzińska ◽  
Sylwia Członka ◽  
Anna Strąkowska ◽  
Krzysztof Strzelec
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Ignition Time ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Flame Resistance ◽  
Potato Protein ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Polyurethane Composites ◽  
The Impact

In this study, polyurethane (PU) composite foams were modified with 2 wt.% of vermiculite fillers, which were themselves modified with casein, chitosan, and potato protein. The impact of the fillers on selected properties of the obtained composites, including their rheological (foaming behavior, dynamic viscosity), thermal (temperature of thermal decomposition stages), flame-retardant (e.g., limiting oxygen index, ignition time, heat peak release), and mechanical properties (toughness, compressive strength (parallel and perpendicular), flexural strength) were investigated. Among all the modified polyurethane composites, the greatest improvement was noticed in the PU foams filled with vermiculite modified with casein and chitosan. For example, after the addition of modified vermiculite fillers, the foams’ compressive strength was enhanced by ~6–18%, their flexural strength by ~2–10%, and their toughness by ~1–5%. Most importantly, the polyurethane composites filled with vermiculite filler and modified vermiculite fillers exhibited improved flame resistance characteristics (the value of total smoke release was reduced by ~34%, the value of peak heat release was reduced by ~25%).

Effect of tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate in combination with aluminum hypophosphite and melamine polyphosphate on flame retardancy and thermal decomposition of rigid polyurethane foams

2021 ◽  
pp. 0021955X2110019
Author(s):  
Daifang Xu ◽  
Kejing Yu ◽  
Kun Qian ◽  
Weiguo Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Cone Calorimeter Test ◽  
Aluminum Hypophosphite

RPUF with tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate (TCPP), melamine polyphosphate (MPP) and aluminum hypophosphite (AHP) alone, as well as their binary and ternary blends, were prepared via a one-step process. The effect of TCPP in combination with AHP and MPP on flame retardancy and thermal decomposition in the RPUF has been investigated. The results show that adding TCPP, MPP and AHP into RPUF simultaneously can significantly ensure the uniform cell structure, enhance the compressive strength, thermal stability and fire resistance of RPUF, decrease the thermal conductivity, the release of toxic HCN at high temperature. TGA results indicate that partial substitution of TCPP with MPP and AHP could improve the char residue. When the content of TCPP is 10 wt%, the optimal ratio of MPP and DPER was 1/2, the TCPP10/MPP3.3/AHP6.7/RPUF sample reached a V1 rating in vertical UL-94 test with a limiting oxygen index of 27.4%. The compressive strength and specific compressive strength (compressive strength/density) for TCPP10/MPP3.3/AHP6.7/RPUF sample increased about 82.6% and 44.3% compared to that of pure RPUF, respectively. The cone calorimeter test results showed that adding EG, MPP and AHP into RPUF simultaneously can significantly decrease the heat release rate (HRR), total heat release (THR) and smoke emission behavior of RPUF sample. Based on these facts, a potential flame-retardant mechanism was proposed.

scholarly journals Effects of Various Types of Expandable Graphite and Blackcurrant Pomace on the Properties of Viscoelastic Polyurethane Foams

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1801
Author(s):  
Rafał Oliwa ◽  
Joanna Ryszkowska ◽  
Mariusz Oleksy ◽  
Monika Auguścik-Królikowska ◽  
Małgorzata Gzik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Expandable Graphite ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Peak Heat Release Rate ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Scanning Electron

We investigated the effect of the type and amount of expandable graphite (EG) and blackcurrant pomace (BCP) on the flammability, thermal stability, mechanical properties, physical, and chemical structure of viscoelastic polyurethane foams (VEF). For this purpose, the polyurethane foams containing EG, BCP, and EG with BCP were obtained. The content of EG varied in the range of 3–15 per hundred polyols (php), while the BCP content was 30 php. Based on the obtained results, it was found that the additional introduction of BCPs into EG-containing composites allows for an additive effect in improving the functional properties of viscoelastic polyurethane foams. As a result, the composite containing 30 php of BCP and 15 php of EG with the largest particle size and expanded volume shows the largest change in the studied parameters (hardness (H) = 2.65 kPa (+16.2%), limiting oxygen index (LOI) = 26% (+44.4%), and peak heat release rate (pHRR) = 15.5 kW/m2 (−87.4%)). In addition, this composite was characterized by the highest char yield (m600 = 17.9% (+44.1%)). In turn, the change in mechanical properties is related to a change in the physical and chemical structure of the foams as indicated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis.

scholarly journals Influence of the Characteristics of Expandable Graphite on the Morphology, Thermal Properties, Fire Behaviour and Compression Performance of a Rigid Polyurethane Foam

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Acuña ◽  
Zhi Li ◽  
Mercedes Santiago-Calvo ◽  
Fernando Villafañe ◽  
Miguel Rodríguez-Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Expandable Graphite ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Compression Performance ◽  
Cone Calorimeter Test

Three types of expandable graphite (EG) differing in particle size and expansion volume, are compared as flame retardant additives to rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs). In this paper we discuss microstructure, thermal stability, fire behavior, and compression performance. We find that ell size distributions were less homogeneous and cell size was reduced. Furthermore, thermal conductivity increased along with EG loading. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that EG only increased residue yield differently. The results indicate that a higher expansion of EG increased the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value, whereas a bigger particle size EG improved the rating of the vertical burning test (UL94). Results from the cone calorimeter test showed that a bigger particle size EG effectively reduced peak of heat release rate (pHRR). Furthermore, a higher expansion, led to a decrease in smoke production (TSP). The combination of both characteristics gives extraordinary results. The physical–mechanical characterization of the EG/RPUF foams revealed that their compression performance decreased slightly, mostly due to the effect of a bigger size EG.

Study on Properties of Foam Concrete Based on Fractal Theory

2011 ◽  
Vol 194-196 ◽  
pp. 1916-1919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Ling Tian ◽  
Jiang Bo Yang ◽  
Xiao Yan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Fractal Theory ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Sound Insulation ◽  
Foam Concrete ◽  
Insulation Property ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
Thermal Insulation Property

Foam concrete is provided with light weight, thermal insulation, sound insulation and fire resistance, good seismic performance and other characteristics. To improve properties of foam concrete microstructure is studied with the help of fractal theory, fractal dimension related to mechanical properties and thermal performance of foam concrete is calculated by MATLAB language program. The results indicate that the microstructure of foam concrete showed significant fractal character, the fractal dimension is between 1.3 and 2.0. Apparent density, 28d compressive strength, and thermal conductivity decreases with the increase of fly ash and foaming agent content, fractal dimension increased. Formulas of fractal dimension and the fly ash, foaming agent content were established. Foam concrete with low density, high strength, and good thermal insulation property will be prepared conducted by the formulas.

The Simulation of Thermal Insulation Property of Ceramic Fibers

2002 ◽  
Vol 224-226 ◽  
pp. 825-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Jun Zeng ◽  
Shi Yong Wang ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Lingke Meng ◽  
Jian Qing Wu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Ceramic Fibers ◽  
Insulation Property ◽  
Thermal Insulation Property

Thermal Insulation Property of Newspaper Membrane Encased Soil-Based Aerated Lightweight Concrete Panels

2011 ◽  
Vol 261-263 ◽  
pp. 783-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soon Ching Ng ◽  
Kaw Sai Low ◽  
Ngee Heng Tioh
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Heat Insulation ◽  
Control Panel ◽  
Insulation Property ◽  
Concrete Panels ◽  
Thermal Insulation Property ◽  
Insulation Performance

Roof and wall are known to be responsible for heat entering into a building and should therefore be thermally insulated in order to lessen energy consumption required for air-conditioning. In this study, four soil-based aerated lightweight concrete (ALC) panels each measures 750 mm (length) x 750 mm (breadth) x 70 mm (thick) with different aerial intensity of newspaper membrane encased were produced and tested on their thermal insulation property. For environmental friendly and economy reasons, clayey soil was used in place of sand to produce the ALC panels and they were tested in the Thermal Laboratory for twenty hours. Temperature gradient was computed based on the surface temperature measured during the test. The results obtained indicated that newspaper membrane encased soil-based ALC panels have superior heat insulation performance compared to control panel in terms of temperature gradient. It is found that the temperature gradient increased from 1.92 °C/cm to 2.08 °C/cm or 8.3% higher than control panel with just merely 0.05 g/cm2 of newspaper membrane encased.

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