Comparative Microbial Conversion of Deoxynivalenol and Acetylated Deoxynivalenol in Different Parts of the Chicken Intestine as Detected In Vitro and Translated to the In Vivo Situation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Jin ◽  
Mouhamed Fall ◽  
Qijun Liu ◽  
Ivonne M.C.M. Rietjens ◽  
Fuguo Xing
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Conversion ◽  
Chicken Intestine ◽  
Different Parts

A Review on Opuntia Species and its Chemistry, Pharmacognosy, Pharmacology and Bioapplications

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1227-1244
Author(s):  
Dharmendra Kumar ◽  
Pramod K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Human Consumption ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Sugar Amino Acids ◽  
Opuntia Species ◽  
Therapeutic Uses ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Online Library ◽  
Different Parts

Background:: Opuntia species, locally known as prickly pear was used for various purposes as food, medicine, beverage, source of dye and animal food. Many studies have revealed its pharmacology activity from time to time. This review is a collection of chemistry, pharmacognosy, pharmacology and bioapplications of the cactus family. Methods: Many sources were used to collect information about Opuntia species such as Pub med, Google scholar, Agris, science direct, Embase, Merk index, Wiley online library, books and other reliable sources. This review contains studies from 1812 to 2019. Results: The plants from the cactus family offer various pharmacological active compounds including phenolic compounds, carotenoids, betalains, vitamins, steroids, sugar, amino acids, minerals and fibers. These bioactive compounds serve various pharmacological activities such as anticancer, antiviral, anti-diabetic, Neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, Hepatoprotective, antibacterial, antiulcer and alcohol hangover. According to various studies, Opuntia species offer many bioapplications such as fodder for animal, soil erosion, prevention, human consumption and waste water decontamination. Finally, different parts of plants are used in various formulations that offer many biotechnology applications. Conclusion: Different parts of Opuntia plant (fruits, seeds, flowers and cladodes) are used in various health problems which include wound healing, anti-inflammatory and urinary tract infection from ancient times. Nowadays, researches have extended several pharmacological and therapeutic uses of Opuntia species as discussed in this review. Many in-vitro and in-vivo models are also discussed in this review as the proofs of research findings. Various research gaps have been observed in current studies that require attention in the future.

Pharmacological Applications of Saffron (Crocus sativus)

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Priyanka Singh
Keyword(s):  
Health Management ◽  
Crocus Sativus ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
The Family ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Tumour Activity ◽  
Different Parts

Saffron spice also known as Crocus sativus (Saffron crocus) belongs to the family of iridaceae. Many studies have proved its potential role in disease eradication. It has been reported to possess the attributes of a sedative, an anti-asthma, an emmenagogue, an expectorant, and an adaptogenic agent. Crocin, crocetin, and safranal are the most important biochemically active ingredients that were found in different parts of the plants in varying proportions like the peels, fruits, seeds, and rind of Crocus sativus. The in vitro and in vivo studies showed that saffron has got its therapeutic implication in health management via anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, hepatoprotective, and anti-tumour activity. This review attempts to reveal the potential pharmacological properties of Crocus sativus. It also draws attention towards the use of herbs and spices in various ailments without facing the harmful side effects of chemically derived medicine.

scholarly journals Introducing Gordonibacter urolithinfaciens into Gut Ecosystems to Study Its Role in Mediating the Metabolic Benefits of Dietary Polyphenols

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1594-1594
Author(s):  
Ashley Toney ◽  
Yibo Xian ◽  
Jing Shao ◽  
Robert Schmaltz ◽  
Virginia Chaidez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Improve Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Microbial Conversion ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Host Metabolism

Abstract Objectives Dietary polyphenols such as ellagitannins undergo microbial conversion to yield urolithins, which improve insulin sensitivity. However, feeding ellagic acid-containing foods sometimes yields variable levels of metabolic improvements in humans, suggesting that some individuals may not harbor the specific microbes responsible for transforming ellagic acid (EA) into urolithins. One species of gut bacteria, Gordonibacter urolithinfaciens (G. uro), has been shown to convert EA into urolithins in vitro. However, the specific role of G. uro in mediating the metabolic benefits of EA-containing foods in vivo is unknown, in part, because of challenges associated with its engraftment in mouse models. This study aimed to determine whether G. uro could be introduced into an established microbiota as a single dose or daily probiotic to facilitate future studies regarding its role in improving host metabolism via conversion of EA to urolithins. Methods Germ-free (GF) C57BL/6 mice were either: (1) mono-associated with G. uro for 2 wks prior to introduction of one of three conventional mouse microbiotas naturally deficient for G. uro, (2) colonized with both G. uro and a conventional G. uro-deficient microbiota together, (3) colonized with a conventional G. uro-deficient microbiota for 2 wks and then given a single oral gavage of G. uro, or (4) colonized with a conventional G. uro-deficient microbiota for 2 wks and then administered G. uro fresh daily in drinking water. Results G. uro successfully monocolonized a previously GF mouse but was not detectable following introduction of a complex G. uro-deficient microbiota. G. uro also failed to persist when GF mice were first colonized with a conventional G. uro-deficient microbiota and then given a single gavage of G. uro. However, ex-GF mice colonized with a complex G. uro-deficient microbiota and given daily doses of G. uro in their drinking water were able to maintain this organism throughout the study. Conclusions Our studies demonstrate the challenges associated with introducing G. uro into a microbiota even when G. uro is provided prior to microbiota establishment and the microbiota is naturally devoid of G. uro. These results suggest that G. uro may need to be administered as a daily probiotic to provide health benefits to individuals unable to convert ellagic acid foods into beneficial urolithins. Funding Sources USDA NIFA.

COMPARISON OF THE METABOLISM OF TESTOSTERONE UNDECANOATE AND TESTOSTERONE IN THE GASTROINTESTINAL WALL OF THE RAT IN VITRO AND IN VIVO

1977 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 216-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Geelen ◽  
A. Coert ◽  
R. Meijer ◽  
J. van der Vies
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Small Extent ◽  
Great Similarity ◽  
Testosterone Undecanoate ◽  
Different Parts

ABSTRACT The metabolism of testosterone undecanoate (TU) and testosterone (T) is studied in the gastrointestinal wall of the rat in vitro. A comparison is made with the in vivo metabolism of these compounds in the rat. The major metabolite first appearing during incubation of TU with the small intestine is T. Incubation of TU or T with the small intestine reveals a great similarity between the metabolite patterns obtained. This is also the case with the patterns derived from portal vein plasma upon oral administration of TU and T. Incubation of different parts of the gastrointestinal tract with TU or T shows that the greatest metabolic activity is located in the wall of the small intestine. Unlike T, TU is metabolized only to a small extent in the wall of the stomach and the large intestine.

Composition of Pellicles Formed in vivo on Tooth Surfaces in Different Parts of the Dentition, and in vitro on Hydroxyapatite

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 447-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Carlén ◽  
A.-C. Börjesson ◽  
K. Nikdel ◽  
J. Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
Different Parts

scholarly journals Assessment of androgenic response potential of effluents using in vitro and in vivo methods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil Bandelj
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Microbial Conversion ◽  
Aromatase Inhibition ◽  
In Vitro Methods

The androgenic potential of a New Zealand pulp mill effluent (PME) and a Canadian PME was assessed along with a New Zealand sewage treatment plant effluent (STP) using a combination of in vivo and in vitro methods. The in vitro methods included: (1) a fish-based androgen receptor binding assay, (2) a fish-based aromatase inhibition activity assay, and (3) an analysis of gonadal sex steroid levels in exposed female mosquitofish ( Gambusia affinis ) ovaries by radioimmunoassay. The in vivo method included a quantifiable analysis of anal fin ray length for female mosquitofish exposed to the effluents. Effluent extracts for the Canadian PME and New Zealand STP were found to have low in vitro androgenic potential compared to upstream reference extracts. All effluent extracts (Canadian PME, New Zealand PME and STP) showed a low degree of in vitro aromatase inhibition potential compared to upstream reference extracts. In vivo analysis showed no androgenic potential of the New Zealand PME and STP. The in vitro androgen receptor assay and in vivo mosquitofish bioassay did show androgenic responses for androstenedione (AD) and 1,4-androsta-diene-3,17-dione (ADD), which are two products of the microbial conversion of β-sitosterol (a plant sterol commonly found in PME) by Mycobacterium smegmatis . Also, the potential of the mosquitofish bioassay to determine anti-androgenic effects in effluents was demonstrated.

scholarly journals Phytochemicals with Added Value from Morella and Myrica Species

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (24) ◽  
pp. 6052
Author(s):  
Gonçalo P. Rosa ◽  
Bruno J. C. Silva ◽  
Ana M. L. Seca ◽  
Laila M. Moujir ◽  
Maria Carmo Barreto
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Different Parts

Terrestrial plants, due to their sessile nature, are highly exposed to environmental pressure and therefore need to produce very effective molecules that enable them to survive all the threats. Myrica and Morella (Myricaceae) are taxonomically close genera, which include species of trees or shrubs with edible fruits that exhibit relevant uses in traditional medicine. For instance, in Chinese or Japanese folk medicine, they are used to treat diarrhea, digestive problems, headache, burns, and skin diseases. A wide array of compounds isolated from different parts of Myrica and/or Morella species possess several biological activities, like anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, and cardio-/neuro-/hepatoprotective activities, both in vitro and in vivo, with myricanol, myricitrin, quercitrin, and betulin being the most promising. There are still many other compounds isolated from both genera whose biological activities have not been evaluated, which represents an excellent opportunity to discover new applications for those compounds and valorize Morella/Myrica species.

scholarly journals Phytochemistry and medicinal values of Mahonia bealei: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 2219-2227
Author(s):  
Mohib Ullah Kakar ◽  
Muhammad Saeed ◽  
Ke Luo ◽  
Imran Suheryani ◽  
Wu Shuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Mahonia Bealei ◽  
Different Parts

Purpose: To review the medicinal uses of Mahonia bealei, an important member of the genus Mahonia, with a focus on its various applications in Traditional Chinese Medicine, as well as published scientific evidence on its effectiveness. Methods: Information in all available literature was retrieved using different search engines including NCBI, ISI Web of Knowledge and Google. Results: Several compounds have been extracted from M. bealei. These include alkaloids, triterpenes, flavonoids, phytosterols and lignans. Traditionally, the plant is used to treat dysentery, diarrhea and inflammation. Globally, scientists have used in vitro and in vivo techniques to evaluate the usefulness of compounds extracted from M. bealei with respect to their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antioxidant as well as anti-gastrin properties. Conclusion: Different parts of this plant still remain underexplored. Moreover, comparison of the properties of the isolated compounds has not been carried out, nor are there reports on the synergistic effects of extracts of the plant. Therefore, future research to address these areas may be useful in the discovery of new therapeutic agents.

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