A Review on Opuntia Species and its Chemistry, Pharmacognosy, Pharmacology and Bioapplications

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1227-1244
Author(s):  
Dharmendra Kumar ◽  
Pramod K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Human Consumption ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Sugar Amino Acids ◽  
Opuntia Species ◽  
Therapeutic Uses ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Online Library ◽  
Different Parts

Background:: Opuntia species, locally known as prickly pear was used for various purposes as food, medicine, beverage, source of dye and animal food. Many studies have revealed its pharmacology activity from time to time. This review is a collection of chemistry, pharmacognosy, pharmacology and bioapplications of the cactus family. Methods: Many sources were used to collect information about Opuntia species such as Pub med, Google scholar, Agris, science direct, Embase, Merk index, Wiley online library, books and other reliable sources. This review contains studies from 1812 to 2019. Results: The plants from the cactus family offer various pharmacological active compounds including phenolic compounds, carotenoids, betalains, vitamins, steroids, sugar, amino acids, minerals and fibers. These bioactive compounds serve various pharmacological activities such as anticancer, antiviral, anti-diabetic, Neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, Hepatoprotective, antibacterial, antiulcer and alcohol hangover. According to various studies, Opuntia species offer many bioapplications such as fodder for animal, soil erosion, prevention, human consumption and waste water decontamination. Finally, different parts of plants are used in various formulations that offer many biotechnology applications. Conclusion: Different parts of Opuntia plant (fruits, seeds, flowers and cladodes) are used in various health problems which include wound healing, anti-inflammatory and urinary tract infection from ancient times. Nowadays, researches have extended several pharmacological and therapeutic uses of Opuntia species as discussed in this review. Many in-vitro and in-vivo models are also discussed in this review as the proofs of research findings. Various research gaps have been observed in current studies that require attention in the future.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Daturaolone from Datura innoxia Mill.: In Silico, In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1248
Author(s):  
Muhammad Waleed Baig ◽  
Humaira Fatima ◽  
Nosheen Akhtar ◽  
Hidayat Hussain ◽  
Mohammad K. Okla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Metabolic Reaction ◽  
Datura Innoxia ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Exploration of leads with therapeutic potential in inflammatory disorders is worth pursuing. In line with this, the isolated natural compound daturaolone from Datura innoxia Mill. was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory potential using in silico, in vitro and in vivo models. Daturaolone follows Lipinski’s drug-likeliness rule with a score of 0.33. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity prediction show strong plasma protein binding; gastrointestinal absorption (Caco-2 cells permeability = 34.6 nm/s); no blood–brain barrier penetration; CYP1A2, CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 metabolism; a major metabolic reaction, being aliphatic hydroxylation; no hERG inhibition; and non-carcinogenicity. Predicted molecular targets were mainly inflammatory mediators. Molecular docking depicted H-bonding interaction with nuclear factor kappa beta subunit (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-2, 5-lipoxygenase, phospholipase A2, serotonin transporter, dopamine receptor D1 and 5-hydroxy tryptamine. Its cytotoxicity (IC50) value in normal lymphocytes was >20 µg/mL as compared to cancer cells (Huh7.5; 17.32 ± 1.43 µg/mL). Daturaolone significantly inhibited NF-κB and nitric oxide production with IC50 values of 1.2 ± 0.8 and 4.51 ± 0.92 µg/mL, respectively. It significantly reduced inflammatory paw edema (81.73 ± 3.16%), heat-induced pain (89.47 ± 9.01% antinociception) and stress-induced depression (68 ± 9.22 s immobility time in tail suspension test). This work suggests a possible anti-inflammatory role of daturaolone; however, detailed mechanistic studies are still necessary to corroborate and extrapolate the findings.

scholarly journals Further Evidence of Possible Therapeutic Uses of Sambucus nigra L. Extracts by the Assessment of the In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Its PLGA and PCL-Based Nanoformulations

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1181
Author(s):  
Ana Henriques Mota ◽  
Noélia Duarte ◽  
Ana Teresa Serra ◽  
António Ferreira ◽  
Maria Rosário Bronze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Sambucus Nigra ◽  
Therapeutic Uses ◽  
Solvent Displacement ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Sambucus nigra L. is widely used in traditional medicine with different applications. However, confirmative studies are strongly required. This study aimed to assess the biological activities of the S. nigra flower’s extract encapsulated into two different types of nanoparticles for optimizing its properties and producing further evidence of its potential therapeutic uses. Different nanoparticles (poly(lactide-co-glycolide, PLGA) and poly-Ɛ-caprolactone (PCL), both with oleic acid, were prepared by emulsification/solvent diffusion and solvent-displacement methods, respectively. Oleic acid was used as a capping agent. After the nanoparticles’ preparation, they were characterized and the biological activities were studied in terms of collagenase, in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory, and in vitro cell viability. Rutin and naringenin were found to be the major phenolic compounds in the studied extract. The encapsulation efficiency was higher than 76% and revealed to have an impact on the release of the extract, mainly for the PLGA. Moreover, biochemical and histopathological analyses confirmed that the extract-loaded PLGA-based nanoparticles displayed the highest anti-inflammatory activity. In addition to supporting the previously reported evidence of potential therapeutic uses of S. nigra, these results could draw the pharmaceutical industry’s interest to the novelty of the nanoproducts.

Anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and anti-atherosclerotic effects of quercetin in human in vitro and in vivo models

2011 ◽  
Vol 218 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Kleemann ◽  
Lars Verschuren ◽  
Martine Morrison ◽  
Susanne Zadelaar ◽  
Marjan J. van Erk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Probiotic yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus CIDCA 8154 shows anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress properties in in vivo models

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.E. Romanin ◽  
S. Llopis ◽  
S. Genovés ◽  
P. Martorell ◽  
V.D. Ramón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Kluyveromyces Marxianus ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Benzene Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Probiotic Yeast ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are complex affections with increasing incidence worldwide. Multiple factors are involved in the development and maintenance of the symptoms including enhanced oxidative stress in intestinal mucosa. The conventional therapeutic approaches for IBDs are based on the use anti-inflammatory drugs with important collateral effects and partial efficacy. In the present work we tested the anti-inflammatory capacity of Kluyveromyces marxianus CIDCA 8154 in different models. In vitro, we showed that the pretreatment of epithelial cells with the yeast reduce the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, in a murine model of trinitro benzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis, yeast-treated animals showed a reduced histopathological score (P<0.05) and lower levels of circulating interleukin 6 (P<0.05). The capacity to modulate oxidative stress in vivo was assessed using a Caenorhabditis elegans model. The yeast was able to protect the nematodes from oxidative stress by modulating the SKN-1 transcription factor trough the DAF-2 pathway. These results indicate that K. marxianus CIDCA 8154 could control the intestinal inflammation and cellular oxidative stress. Deciphering the mechanisms of action of different probiotics might be useful for the rational formulation of polymicrobial products containing microorganisms targeting different anti-inflammatory pathways.

scholarly journals Virtual Screening in Pharmacokinetics, Bioactivity, and Toxicity of the Amburana cearensis Secondary Metabolites

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 8471-8491
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Popular Medicine ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Bioprospecting has contributed to the work of pharmaceutical chemists in the development and commercial disposal of new drugs. Currently, the pharmaceutical industry has emphasized drugs produced from bioactive compounds extracted from natural sources, based on popular medicine discussed in the literature, such as secondary metabolites isolated from the stem bark and seeds of the Amburana cearensis, rich in coumarin derivatives, flavonoids, and phenolic acids and is popularly used in the treatment of respiratory diseases and with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant bioactivity. This review is a study of the structure/activity and structure/property (SAR/SPA) relationship with the physicochemical properties calculated by the algorithms of the MarvinSketch software for the secondary metabolites of A. cearensis, as well as their correlation with in silico test values the SwissADME and admetSAR 2.0 servers and in vitro and in vivo models of the dataset from the PreADMET, GUSAR Online and PASS Online servers. The results showed that substances derived from coumarin, flavonoids, and phenolic acids have attributes of good permeability and low efflux, which favor their oral bioavailability, since phenolic heterosides, amburoside analogs, and biflavonoids are effective in local action as subcutaneous application, constituting promising antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant therapeutic actions in their proper administration routes.

scholarly journals In vitro and In vivo Models for Anti-inflammation: An Evaluative Review

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Ifeanyi Eze ◽  
Philip F. Uzor ◽  
Peter Ikechukwu ◽  
Bonaventure C. Obi ◽  
Patience O. Osadebe
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Mediators Of Inflammation ◽  
In Vivo Animal Models ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Anti-inflammatory activity study involves developing a model that mimics, or provokes the production or release of, the biochemical mediators of inflammation, and monitoring the response of these biochemicals to the test drugs. This report constitutes an updated review of the in vitro and in vivo study models for assessing anti-inflammatory activity in plant extracts and synthetic drugs. The materials, instrumentation, and methods involved, as well as the mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity tested in each model, are extensively described. The merits and limitations of each method have also been discussed. A comparative assessment of the in vivo animal models vis-à-vis, the in vitro enzyme models have been made to assist scientists and researchers in the choice of assay method in terms of sensitivity, reliability, duration of test, ethical, and cost considerations.

scholarly journals Prohibitin‐1 Is a Dynamically Regulated Blood Protein With Cardioprotective Effects in Sepsis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor A. Mattox ◽  
Christine Psaltis ◽  
Katie Weihbrecht ◽  
Jacques Robidoux ◽  
Brita Kilburg‐Basnyat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Blood Protein ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Endotoxin Challenge ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Prohibitin 1

Background In sepsis, circulating cytokines and lipopolysaccharide elicit mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiomyopathy, a major cause of morbidity and mortality with this condition. Emerging research places the PHB1 (lipid raft protein prohibitin‐1) at the nexus of inflammation, metabolism, and oxidative stress. PHB1 has also been reported in circulation, though its function in this compartment is completely unknown. Methods and Results Using a wide‐ranging approach across multiple in vitro and in vivo models, we interrogated the functional role of intracellular and circulating PHB1 in the heart during sepsis, and elucidated some of the mechanisms involved. Upon endotoxin challenge or sepsis induction in rodent models, PHB1 translocates from mitochondria to nucleus in cardiomyocytes and is secreted into the circulation from the liver in a manner dependent on nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2, a key transcriptional regulator of the antioxidant response. Overexpression or treatment with recombinant human PHB1 enhances the antioxidant/anti‐inflammatory response and protects HL‐1 cardiomyocytes from mitochondrial dysfunction and toxicity from cytokine stress. Importantly, administration of recombinant human PHB1 blunted inflammation and restored cardiac contractility and ATP production in mice following lipopolysaccharide challenge. This cardioprotective, anti‐inflammatory effect of recombinant human PHB1 was determined to be independent of nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2, but partially dependent on PI3K/AKT  signaling in the heart. Conclusions These findings reveal a previously unknown cardioprotective effect of PHB1 during sepsis, and illustrate a pro‐survival, protective role for PHB1 in the circulation. Exploitation of circulating PHB1 as a biomarker and/or therapeutic could have widespread benefit in the clinical management of sepsis and other severe inflammatory disorders.

scholarly journals Medium Chain Triglyceride (MCT) Oil Affects the Immunophenotype via Reprogramming of Mitochondrial Respiration in Murine Macrophages

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu ◽  
Go ◽  
Kim
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Medium Chain Triglyceride ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Activation Markers ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Alternatively Activated

Medium chain triglyceride (MCT) oil has been postulated to modulate inflammatory responses, but the detailed mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Based on recent studies demonstrating that mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming and immune responses are correlated, the current study sought to determine whether MCT oil controls inflammatory responses through modulation of mitochondria using both in vitro and in vivo models. The mitochondrial metabolic phenotypes of macrophages were assessed according to oxygen consumption rate (OCR). Inflammatory responses were assessed for production of cytokines and expression of activation markers. MCT oil was more rapidly oxidized as observed by increased OCR in macrophages. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines was down-regulated and anti-inflammatory cytokine was elevated by MCT oil. In addition, classically activated M1 and alternatively activated M2 markers were reciprocally regulated by MCT intervention. Overall, up-regulated β-oxidation by MCT contributes to the anti-inflammatory M2-like status of macrophages, which may aid in the dietary prevention and/or amelioration of inflammation.

scholarly journals The Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Sodium Propionate

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 3026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Filippone ◽  
Marika Lanza ◽  
Michela Campolo ◽  
Giovanna Casili ◽  
Irene Paterniti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Sodium Propionate ◽  
Intraplantar Injection ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The major end-products of dietary fiber fermentation by gut microbiota are the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate, and butyrate, which have been shown to modulate host metabolism via effects on metabolic pathways at different tissue sites. Several studies showed the inhibitory effects of sodium propionate (SP) on nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway. We carried out an in vitro model of inflammation on the J774-A1 cell line, by stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and H2O2, followed by the pre-treatment with SP at 0.1, 1 mM and 10 mM. To evaluate the effect on acute inflammation and superoxide anion-induced pain, we performed a model of carrageenan (CAR)-induced rat paw inflammation and intraplantar injection of KO2 where rats received SP orally (10, 30, and 100 mg/kg). SP decreased in concentration-dependent-manner the expression of cicloxigenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) following LPS stimulation. SP was able to enhance anti-oxidant enzyme production such as manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) following H2O2 stimulation. In in vivo models, SP (30 and 100 mg/kg) reduced paw inflammation and tissue damage after CAR and KO2 injection. Our results demonstrated the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties of SP; therefore, we propose that SP may be an effective strategy for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CO-RMs): vasodilatory, anti-ischaemic and anti-inflammatory activities

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 1142-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Motterlini
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Cellular Systems ◽  
Controlled Delivery ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Haem Oxygenase ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The well-known adverse effects of CO (carbon monoxide) intoxication are counterbalanced by its positive actions when small amounts are produced intracellularly by the cytoprotective enzyme HO-1 (haem oxygenase-1). As compelling scientific evidence accumulated to sustain that HO-1 plays a fundamental role in counteracting vascular and inflammatory disorders, we began to appreciate that a controlled delivery of CO to mammals may provide therapeutic benefits in a number of pathological states. This is the rationale for the recent development of CO-RMs (CO-releasing molecules), a group of compounds capable of carrying and liberating controlled quantities of CO in cellular systems, which offer a plausible tool for studying the pharmacological effects of this gas and identifying its mechanism(s) of action. The present review will highlight the encouraging results obtained so far on the vasodilatory, anti-ischaemic and anti-inflammatory effects elicited by CO-RMs in in vitro and in vivo models with an emphasis on the prospect of converting chemical CO carriers into CO-based pharmaceuticals.

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