Solubilities of Benzene, Toluene, and Ethylbenzene in Deep Eutectic Solvents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Qiao ◽  
Xue Sun ◽  
Hansen Yang ◽  
Hualiang An ◽  
Fang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Benzene Toluene

Probing the Structural Features and the Micro-heterogeneity of Various Deep Eutectic Solvents and their Water Dilutions by the Photophysical Behaviour of Two Fluorophores

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Tiecco ◽  
Irene Di Guida ◽  
Pier Luigi Gentili ◽  
Raimondo Germani ◽  
Carmela Bonaccorso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Transient Absorption ◽  
Photophysical Properties ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Solvation Dynamics ◽  
Structured Systems ◽  
Reduced Viscosity ◽  
Bond Network ◽  
Fluorescent Molecules

<div><div><div><p>The structural features of a series of diverse Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) have been investigated and characterized by means of two fluorescent probes. The spectral and photophysical properties of the latter are strictly dependent on the experienced environment, so that they can provide insights into the polarity, viscosity, hydrogen-bond network, and micro-heterogeneity of the various DESs.</p><p>In fact, the investigated DESs exhibit a variety of properties with regards to their hydrophilicity, acidity, and hydrogen-bond ability, and these details were deeply probed by the two fluorescent molecules. The effect of the addition of water, which is a key strategy for tuning the properties of these structured systems, was also tested. In particular, the excited state dynamics of the probes, measured by femtosecond-resolved transient absorption, proved instrumental in understanding the changes in the structural properties of the DESs, namely reduced viscosity and enhanced heterogeneity, as the water percentage increases. Differences between the various DESs in terms of both local microheterogeneity and bulk viscosity also emerged from the peculiar multi-exponential solvation dynamics undergone by the excited states of the probes.</p></div></div></div>

Probing the Structural Features and the Micro-heterogeneity of Various Deep Eutectic Solvents and their Water Dilutions by the Photophysical Behaviour of Two Fluorophores

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Tiecco ◽  
Irene Di Guida ◽  
Pier Luigi Gentili ◽  
Raimondo Germani ◽  
Carmela Bonaccorso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Transient Absorption ◽  
Photophysical Properties ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Solvation Dynamics ◽  
Structured Systems ◽  
Reduced Viscosity ◽  
Bond Network ◽  
Fluorescent Molecules

<div><div><div><p>The structural features of a series of diverse Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) have been investigated and characterized by means of two fluorescent probes. The spectral and photophysical properties of the latter are strictly dependent on the experienced environment, so that they can provide insights into the polarity, viscosity, hydrogen-bond network, and micro-heterogeneity of the various DESs.</p><p>In fact, the investigated DESs exhibit a variety of properties with regards to their hydrophilicity, acidity, and hydrogen-bond ability, and these details were deeply probed by the two fluorescent molecules. The effect of the addition of water, which is a key strategy for tuning the properties of these structured systems, was also tested. In particular, the excited state dynamics of the probes, measured by femtosecond-resolved transient absorption, proved instrumental in understanding the changes in the structural properties of the DESs, namely reduced viscosity and enhanced heterogeneity, as the water percentage increases. Differences between the various DESs in terms of both local microheterogeneity and bulk viscosity also emerged from the peculiar multi-exponential solvation dynamics undergone by the excited states of the probes.</p></div></div></div>

Performance of Ag-HZSM-5 Zeolite Catalysts in n-heptane Conversion

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-120
Author(s):  
Iuliean Vasile Asaftei ◽  
Neculai Catalin Lungu ◽  
Lucian Mihail Birsa ◽  
Ioan Gabriel Sandu ◽  
Laura Gabriela Sarbu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Pulse Method ◽  
Acid Strength ◽  
Strength Distribution ◽  
Zeolite Catalysts ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Acid Strength Distribution ◽  
Silver Cations ◽  
Heptane Conversion

The conversion of n-heptanes into aromatic hydrocarbons benzene, toluene and xylenes (BTX), by the chromatographic pulse method in the temperature range of 673 - 823K was performed over the HZSM-5 and Ag-HZSM-5 zeolites modified by ion exchange with AgNO3 aqueous solutions. The catalysts, HZSM-5 (SiO2/Al2O3 = 33.9), and Ag-HZSM-5 (Ag1-HZSM-5 wt. % Ag1.02, Ag2-HZSM-5 wt. % Ag 1.62; and Ag3-HZSM-5 wt. % Ag 2.05 having different acid strength distribution exhibit a conversion and a yield of aromatics depending on temperature and metal content. The yield of aromatic hydrocarbons BTX appreciably increased by incorporating silver cations Ag+ into HZSM-5.

Fate of Toxic Organic Compounds in Activated Sludge and Integrated PAC Systems

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 471-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Weber ◽  
B. E. Jones ◽  
L. E. Katz
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Powdered Activated Carbon ◽  
Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Powdered Carbon ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Adsorptive Properties ◽  
Carbon Concentrations ◽  
Toxic Organic Compounds

The addition of powdered activated carbon (PAC) to activated sludge treatment systems to enhance removal of specific toxic organic compounds from wastewater was evaluated. Nine organic compounds encompassing a range of solubility, volatility, biodegradability, and adsorptive properties were studied. Kate and equilibrium investigations were conducted to quantify the removal mechanisms of volatilization, biodegradation, biosorption, and carbon adsorption. Results from steady-state bioreactor studies showed that the addition of less than 100 mg/ℓ powdered activated carbon to the influent did not enhance the removal of the biodegradable target compounds investigated: benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, chlorobenzene, and nitrobenzene. Significantly improved removals of the poorly degradable and non-biodegradable compounds 1,2-dichlorobenzene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, and lindane occurred at influent powdered carbon concentrations in the 12.5 to 25 mg/ℓ range. Influent powdered carbon concentrations of 100 mg/ℓ effected overall removals of greater than 90%. The addition of powdered activated carbon not only reduced effluent concentrations but also reduced the amounts of the volatile compounds stripped to the atmosphere.

Liquid-liquid equilibrium in binary glycols-toluene and glycols-xylene systems

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1686-1694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lumír Mandík ◽  
František Lešek
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Liquid Equilibrium ◽  
Benzene Toluene

Liquid-liquid equilibria were determined in the following binary systems: 1,2-ethandiol/toluene, 1,2-ethandiol/xylene, 1,2-propandiol/toluene, 1,2-propandiol/xylene, 1,4-butandiol/toluene, 1,4-butandiol/xylene, 1,3-butandiol/toluene, 1,3-butandiol/xylene, 1,3-butandiol/p-xylene, 2,2'-dioxydiethanol/toluene, 2,2'-dioxydiethanol/xylene. The solubility of 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propandiol in benzene, toluene and xylene was also measured. Critical solubility temperatures at atmospheric pressure were determined for systems containing 1,2-propandiol and 1,3-butandiol.

Mechanistische Untersuchungen zum reversiblen Gleichgewicht von metallorganischen Tripeldecker- und Sandwichkomplexen des Typs [Bis{(η5-CpR)Co}-μ-{η4:η4-aren}] und [(η5-CpR)Co(η6-aren)] / Mechanistic Studies towards the Reversible Equilibrium between Metal Organic Triple Decker and Sandwich Complexes [Bis{(η5 -CpR)Co}-μ-{η4 :η4-arene}] and [{(η5-CpR)Co(η6-arene)]

1998 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1267-1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg J. Schneider ◽  
Dirk Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Ligand Exchange ◽  
Sandwich Complexes ◽  
Valuable Metal ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Synthetic Utility ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Arene Ligand ◽  
Benzene Toluene

The arene ligand exchange mechanism of slipped arene triple deckers [Bis{(η5-CpR)Co}-μ-{η4:η4-arene}] (R = Me5, 1,2,4 tri-tert butyl, arene = benzene, toluene) 1 was studied by 1H-NMR spectroscopy for different concentrations and solvents. It has been found that triple deckers of type 1 decompose slowly in solution. A unique equilibrium, between these triple deckers and the mixed sandwich complexes [(η6-arene)Co(η5-CpR)] and 14 e [(η5-Cp)Co]solv fragments generated in situ by decomposition o f 1 exists. In addition to this equilibrium arene lability of the thus formed mixed sandwich complex type has been detected by NMR making slipped triple deckers 1 ideal single source compounds for the generation of two [(η5-Cp)Co] fragments in one reaction step. Such fragments are valuable metal ligand components with high synthetic utility in organometallic chemistry.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document