A New Era in Herbicide-Tolerant Crops Development by Targeted Genome Editing

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gokul Gosavi ◽  
Bin Ren ◽  
Xiangjiu Li ◽  
Xueping Zhou ◽  
Carl Spetz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
New Era ◽  
Herbicide Tolerant

scholarly journals Next Generation Cereal Crop Yield Enhancement: From Knowledge of Inflorescence Development to Practical Engineering by Genome Editing

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5167
Author(s):  
Lei Liu ◽  
Penelope L. Lindsay ◽  
David Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Yield Enhancement ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Inflorescence Development ◽  
New Era ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Practical Engineering ◽  
Crops Yield

Artificial domestication and improvement of the majority of crops began approximately 10,000 years ago, in different parts of the world, to achieve high productivity, good quality, and widespread adaptability. It was initiated from a phenotype-based selection by local farmers and developed to current biotechnology-based breeding to feed over 7 billion people. For most cereal crops, yield relates to grain production, which could be enhanced by increasing grain number and weight. Grain number is typically determined during inflorescence development. Many mutants and genes for inflorescence development have already been characterized in cereal crops. Therefore, optimization of such genes could fine-tune yield-related traits, such as grain number. With the rapidly advancing genome-editing technologies and understanding of yield-related traits, knowledge-driven breeding by design is becoming a reality. This review introduces knowledge about inflorescence yield-related traits in cereal crops, focusing on rice, maize, and wheat. Next, emerging genome-editing technologies and recent studies that apply this technology to engineer crop yield improvement by targeting inflorescence development are reviewed. These approaches promise to usher in a new era of breeding practice.

CRISPR CAS 9 - A NEW ERA IN GENOME EDITING AND ITS APPLICATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Akshatha Desai ◽  
Naicy Thomas ◽  
Vasudhar Bhat ◽  
Akhil H ◽  
Aravindakshan V
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
New Era

scholarly journals Genome editing opens a new era of genetic improvement in polyploid crops

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qamar U. Zaman ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Hongtao Cheng ◽  
Qiong Hu
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
New Era ◽  
Polyploid Crops

Therapeutic genome editing with engineered nucleases

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (01) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Haas ◽  
Viviane Dettmer ◽  
Toni Cathomen
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Zinc Finger Nucleases ◽  
New Era ◽  
Engineered Nucleases ◽  
Genetic Interventions ◽  
Type Gene ◽  
Programmable Nucleases ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapies

SummaryTargeted genome editing with designer nucleases, such as zinc finger nucleases, TALE nucleases, and CRISPR-Cas nucleases, has heralded a new era in gene therapy. Genetic disorders, which have not been amenable to conventional gene-addition-type gene therapy approaches, such as disorders with dominant inheritance or diseases caused by mutations in tightly regulated genes, can now be treated by precise genome surgery. Moreover, engineered nucleases enable novel genetic interventions to fight infectious diseases or to improve cancer immunotherapies. Here, we review the development of the different classes of programmable nucleases, discuss the challenges and improvements in translating gene editing into clinical use, and give an outlook on what applications can expect to enter the clinic in the near future.

scholarly journals Can CRISPR help in the fight against parasitic worms?

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul McVeigh ◽  
Aaron G Maule
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
New Era ◽  
Parasitic Worms

The first reports of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in flatworms could usher in a new era of research on these dangerous human parasites.

scholarly journals Precision genome editing in the CRISPR era

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayme Salsman ◽  
Graham Dellaire
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Dna Double Strand Breaks ◽  
End Joining ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
New Era ◽  
Homology Directed Repair ◽  
Repair Template ◽  
Non Homologous End Joining

With the introduction of precision genome editing using CRISPR–Cas9 technology, we have entered a new era of genetic engineering and gene therapy. With RNA-guided endonucleases, such as Cas9, it is possible to engineer DNA double strand breaks (DSB) at specific genomic loci. DSB repair by the error-prone non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway can disrupt a target gene by generating insertions and deletions. Alternatively, Cas9-mediated DSBs can be repaired by homology-directed repair (HDR) using an homologous DNA repair template, thus allowing precise gene editing by incorporating genetic changes into the repair template. HDR can introduce gene sequences for protein epitope tags, delete genes, make point mutations, or alter enhancer and promoter activities. In anticipation of adapting this technology for gene therapy in human somatic cells, much focus has been placed on increasing the fidelity of CRISPR–Cas9 and increasing HDR efficiency to improve precision genome editing. In this review, we will discuss applications of CRISPR technology for gene inactivation and genome editing with a focus on approaches to enhancing CRISPR–Cas9-mediated HDR for the generation of cell and animal models, and conclude with a discussion of recent advances and challenges towards the application of this technology for gene therapy in humans.

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