Bottom-Up Fabrication of Large-Scale Gold Nanorod Arrays by Surface Diffusion-Mediated DNA Origami Assembly

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuo Yang ◽  
Wenyan Liu ◽  
Yuwei Zhang ◽  
Risheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Diffusion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dna Origami ◽  
Gold Nanorod ◽  
Nanorod Arrays ◽  
Bottom Up

scholarly journals Estimating CO2 Emissions from Large Scale Coal-Fired Power Plants Using OCO-2 Observations and Emission Inventories

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 811
Author(s):  
Yaqin Hu ◽  
Yusheng Shi
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Gaussian Model ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Emission Inventories ◽  
Bottom Up

The concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) has increased rapidly worldwide, aggravating the global greenhouse effect, and coal-fired power plants are one of the biggest contributors of greenhouse gas emissions in China. However, efficient methods that can quantify CO2 emissions from individual coal-fired power plants with high accuracy are needed. In this study, we estimated the CO2 emissions of large-scale coal-fired power plants using Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) satellite data based on remote sensing inversions and bottom-up methods. First, we mapped the distribution of coal-fired power plants, displaying the total installed capacity, and identified two appropriate targets, the Waigaoqiao and Qinbei power plants in Shanghai and Henan, respectively. Then, an improved Gaussian plume model method was applied for CO2 emission estimations, with input parameters including the geographic coordinates of point sources, wind vectors from the atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate, and OCO-2 observations. The application of the Gaussian model was improved by using wind data with higher temporal and spatial resolutions, employing the physically based unit conversion method, and interpolating OCO-2 observations into different resolutions. Consequently, CO2 emissions were estimated to be 23.06 ± 2.82 (95% CI) Mt/yr using the Gaussian model and 16.28 Mt/yr using the bottom-up method for the Waigaoqiao Power Plant, and 14.58 ± 3.37 (95% CI) and 14.08 Mt/yr for the Qinbei Power Plant, respectively. These estimates were compared with three standard databases for validation: the Carbon Monitoring for Action database, the China coal-fired Power Plant Emissions Database, and the Carbon Brief database. The comparison found that previous emission inventories spanning different time frames might have overestimated the CO2 emissions of one of two Chinese power plants on the two days that the measurements were made. Our study contributes to quantifying CO2 emissions from point sources and helps in advancing satellite-based monitoring techniques of emission sources in the future; this helps in reducing errors due to human intervention in bottom-up statistical methods.

“Forward to David the Builder!” Georgia's (re)turn to language-centered nationalism

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 522-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christofer Berglund
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
The State ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
The Past ◽  
Building Project ◽  
The Rose ◽  
State Language

After the Rose Revolution, President Saakashvili tried to move away from the exclusionary nationalism of the past, which had poisoned relations between Georgians and their Armenian and Azerbaijani compatriots. His government instead sought to foster an inclusionary nationalism, wherein belonging was contingent upon speaking the state language and all Georgian speakers, irrespective of origin, were to be equals. This article examines this nation-building project from a top-down and bottom-up lens. I first argue that state officials took rigorous steps to signal that Georgian-speaking minorities were part of the national fabric, but failed to abolish religious and historical barriers to their inclusion. I next utilize a large-scale, matched-guise experiment (n= 792) to explore if adolescent Georgians ostracize Georgian-speaking minorities or embrace them as their peers. I find that the upcoming generation of Georgians harbor attitudes in line with Saakashvili's language-centered nationalism, and that current Georgian nationalism therefore is more inclusionary than previous research, or Georgia's tumultuous past, would lead us to believe.

Simple, Large-Scale Patterning of Hydrophobic ZnO Nanorod Arrays

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 3910-3915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong Been Kim ◽  
Won Woo Lee ◽  
Jaeseok Yi ◽  
Won Il Park ◽  
Jin-Sang Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Zno Nanorod ◽  
Nanorod Arrays ◽  
Zno Nanorod Arrays

Ultrahigh surface sensitivity of deposited gold nanorod arrays for nanoplasmonic biosensing

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 101046
Author(s):  
Abdul Rahim Ferhan ◽  
Youngkyu Hwang ◽  
Mohammed Shahrudin Bin Ibrahim ◽  
Shikhar Anand ◽  
Ahram Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanorod ◽  
Nanorod Arrays ◽  
Surface Sensitivity

scholarly journals Bottom–Up Electrodeposition of Large-Scale Nanotwinned Copper within 3D Through Silicon Via

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu-Long Sun ◽  
Zhi-Quan Liu ◽  
Cai-Fu Li ◽  
Qing-Sheng Zhu ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Through Silicon Via

scholarly journals Climate Dialog, Climate Action: Can Democracy Do the Job?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Young Phillips ◽  
LaVonne Reimer ◽  
Rebecca Turner
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Ipcc Report ◽  
Climate Action

The latest IPCC report forcefully states that immediate, decisive, and large-scale actions are needed to avert climate catastrophe. This essay presumes that democratic governments are best and most desirably positioned to take these actions. Yet in the countries most pivotal to global climate, significant voting blocs are uninterested in environmental issues. The essay urges adding bottom-up dialog between environmental and anti-environmental voters, to current and future top-down technocratic “solutions.” To make this combination result in a unified pro-environment electorate, we must understand: religious objections to environmentalism; the capital-vs.-knowledge strife that slows polluting corporations’ green transitions; and the psychological mechanisms that can make inter-group dialog fruitful.

Large-Scale Patterning and Assembly of Carbon Nanotubes by Microfluidic Hydrodynamic Focusing

2011 ◽  
Vol 194-196 ◽  
pp. 503-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Liu ◽  
Yan Peng ◽  
Qiu Quan Guo ◽  
Jun Luo ◽  
Jun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sample Solution ◽  
Hydrodynamic Focusing ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
General Pathway ◽  
Efficient Integration

Efficient integration of synthetic nanotubes/nanowires into functional nanodevices by bottom-up approaches is the key of mass production of nanodevices, and is still a big challenge. Here we present a simple microfluidic method of patterning and aligning a large scale of carbon nanotubes by hydrodynamic focusing: the sample solution carrying carbon nanotubes were hydrodynamically controlled by the sheath flows. This method can be used to align and position both a large scale of nanotubes and a few lines of nanotubes to designated positions, offering a general pathway for assembly of nanosystems.

scholarly journals Emissions of Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl<sub>4</sub>) from Europe

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Graziosi ◽  
Jgor Arduini ◽  
Paolo Bonasoni ◽  
Francesco Furlani ◽  
Umberto Giostra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Montreal Protocol ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Significant Discrepancy ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Atmospheric Observations ◽  
Global Emissions

Abstract. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a long-lived radiatively-active compound able to destroy stratospheric ozone. Due to its inclusion in the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, the last two decades have seen a sharp decrease in its large scale emissive use with a consequent decline of its atmospheric mole fractions. However, the Montreal Protocol restrictions do not apply to the use of carbon tetrachloride as feedstock for the production of other chemicals, implying the risk of fugitive emissions from the industry sector. The occurrence of such unintended emissions is suggested by a significant discrepancy between global emissions as derived by reported production and feedstock usage (bottom-up emissions), and those based on atmospheric observations (top-down emissions). In order to better constrain the atmospheric budget of carbon tetrachloride, several studies based on a combination of atmospheric observations and inverse modelling have been conducted in recent years in various regions of the world. This study is focused on the European scale and based on long-term high-frequency observations at three European sites, combined with a Bayesian inversion methodology. We estimated that average European emissions for 2006–2014 were 2.3 (± 0.8) Gg yr−1, with an average decreasing trend of 7.3 % per year. Our analysis identified France as the main source of emissions over the whole study period, with an average contribution to total European emissions of 25 %. The inversion was also able to allow the localisation of emission "hot-spots" in the domain, with major source areas in Southern France, Central England (UK) and Benelux (Belgium, The Netherlands, Luxembourg), where most of industrial scale production of basic organic chemicals are located. According to our results, European emissions correspond to 4.0 % of global emissions for 2006–2012. Together with other regional studies, our results allow a better constraint of the global budget of carbon tetrachloride and a better quantification of the gap between top-down and bottom-up estimates.

scholarly journals Silver-Nanoparticle-Decorated Gold Nanorod Arrays via Bioinspired Polydopamine Coating as Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) Platforms

Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Deposition Time ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Gold Nanorod ◽  
Nanorod Arrays ◽  
Plasmonic Material ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Surface Enhanced ◽  
Surface Enhanced Raman ◽  
Controlled Deposition

The controlled deposition of nanoparticles onto 3-D nanostructured films is still facing challenges due to the uncontrolled aggregation of colloidal nanoparticles. In the context of this study, a simple yet effective approach is demonstrated to decorate the silver nanoparticles (AgNP) onto the 3-D and anisotropic gold nanorod arrays (GNAs) through a bioinspired polydopamine (PDOP) coating to fabricate surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) platforms. Since the Raman reporter molecules (methylene blue, MB, 10 µM) were not adsorbed directly on the surface of the plasmonic material, a remarkable decrease in SERS signals was detected for the PDOP-coated GNAs (GNA@PDOP) platforms. However, after uniform and well-controlled AgNP decoration on the GNA@PDOP (GNA@PDOP@AgNP), huge enhancement was observed in SERS signals from the resultant platform due to the synergistic action which originated from the interaction of GNAs and AgNPs. I also detected that PDOP deposition time (i.e., PDOP film thickness) is the dominant parameter that determines the SERS activity of the final system and 30 min of PDOP deposition time (i.e., 3 nm of PDOP thickness) is the optimum value to obtain the highest SERS signal. To test the reproducibility of GNA@PDOP@AgNP platforms, relative standard deviation (RSD) values for the characteristic peaks of MB were found to be less than 0.17, demonstrating the acceptable reproducibility all over the proposed platform. This report suggests that GNA@PDOP@AgNP system may be used as a robust platform for practical SERS applications.

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