Internalization of Carbon Nano-onions by Hippocampal Cells Preserves Neuronal Circuit Function and Recognition Memory

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 16952-16963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Trusel ◽  
Michele Baldrighi ◽  
Roberto Marotta ◽  
Francesca Gatto ◽  
Mattia Pesce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Neuronal Circuit ◽  
Circuit Function

Temperature and neuronal circuit function: compensation, tuning and tolerance

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 724-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Meldrum Robertson ◽  
Tomas GA Money
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Circuit ◽  
Circuit Function

scholarly journals Prototypical pacemaker neurons interact with the resident microbiota

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (30) ◽  
pp. 17854-17863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Klimovich ◽  
Stefania Giacomello ◽  
Åsa Björklund ◽  
Louis Faure ◽  
Marketa Kaucka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strong Support ◽  
Neuronal Circuit ◽  
Pacemaker Cells ◽  
Pacemaker Neurons ◽  
Basal Metazoan ◽  
Rhythmic Contractions ◽  
Microbial Environment ◽  
Immune Related Genes ◽  
Evolutionary Emergence ◽  
Circuit Function

Pacemaker neurons exert control over neuronal circuit function by their intrinsic ability to generate rhythmic bursts of action potential. Recent work has identified rhythmic gut contractions in human, mice, and hydra to be dependent on both neurons and the resident microbiota. However, little is known about the evolutionary origin of these neurons and their interaction with microbes. In this study, we identified and functionally characterized prototypical ANO/SCN/TRPM ion channel-expressing pacemaker cells in the basal metazoanHydraby using a combination of single-cell transcriptomics, immunochemistry, and functional experiments. Unexpectedly, these prototypical pacemaker neurons express a rich set of immune-related genes mediating their interaction with the microbial environment. Furthermore, functional experiments gave a strong support to a model of the evolutionary emergence of pacemaker cells as neurons using components of innate immunity to interact with the microbial environment and ion channels to generate rhythmic contractions.

scholarly journals Does Global Astrocytic Calcium Signaling Participate in Awake Brain State Transitions and Neuronal Circuit Function?

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1810-1822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia Kjaerby ◽  
Rune Rasmussen ◽  
Mie Andersen ◽  
Maiken Nedergaard
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Signaling ◽  
State Transitions ◽  
Brain State ◽  
Neuronal Circuit ◽  
Circuit Function

scholarly journals Prototypical pacemaker neurons are immunocompetent cells

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Klimovich ◽  
Stefania Giacomello ◽  
Åsa Björklund ◽  
Louis Faure ◽  
Marketa Kaucka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Neuronal Circuit ◽  
Pacemaker Cells ◽  
Pacemaker Neurons ◽  
Basal Metazoan ◽  
Rhythmic Contractions ◽  
Microbial Environment ◽  
Immune Related Genes ◽  
Evolutionary Emergence ◽  
Circuit Function

Pacemaker neurons exert control over neuronal circuit function by their intrinsic ability to generate rhythmic bursts of action potential. Recent work has identified rhythmic gut contractions in human, mice and hydra to be dependent on both neurons and the resident microbiota. However, little is known about the evolutionary origin of these neurons and their interaction with microbes. In this study, we identified and functionally characterized prototypical ANO/SCN/TRPM ion channel expressing pacemaker cells in the basal metazoan Hydra by using a combination of single-cell transcriptomics, immunochemistry, and functional experiments. Unexpectedly, these prototypical pacemaker neurons express a rich set of immune-related genes mediating their interaction with the microbial environment. Functional experiments validated a model of the evolutionary emergence of pacemaker cells as neurons using components of innate immunity to interact with the microbial environment and ion channels to generate rhythmic contractions.

How do memory modules differentially contribute to familiarity and recollection?

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olya Hakobyan ◽  
Sen Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Memory Modules ◽  
Familiarity And Recollection ◽  
Memory Contents

Abstract We fully support dissociating the subjective experience from the memory contents in recognition memory, as Bastin et al. posit in the target article. However, having two generic memory modules with qualitatively different functions is not mandatory and is in fact inconsistent with experimental evidence. We propose that quantitative differences in the properties of the memory modules can account for the apparent dissociation of recollection and familiarity along anatomical lines.

Microfabrication research at the National Submicron Facility

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 86-89
Author(s):  
E.D. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
High Speed ◽  
New Technology ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Particle ◽  
New Science ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intermediate Domain ◽  
Circuit Function

Most microelectronics devices and circuits operate faster, consume less power, execute more functions and cost less per circuit function when the feature-sizes internal to the devices and circuits are made smaller. This is part of the stimulus for the Very High-Speed Integrated Circuits (VHSIC) program. There is also a need for smaller, more sensitive sensors in a wide range of disciplines that includes electrochemistry, neurophysiology and ultra-high pressure solid state research. There is often fundamental new science (and sometimes new technology) to be revealed (and used) when a basic parameter such as size is extended to new dimensions, as is evident at the two extremes of smallness and largeness, high energy particle physics and cosmology, respectively. However, there is also a very important intermediate domain of size that spans from the diameter of a small cluster of atoms up to near one micrometer which may also have just as profound effects on society as “big” physics.

Learning From (Test) Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 228 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan E. Mitton ◽  
Chris M. Fiacconi
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Judgments Of Learning ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
Recognition Memory Performance ◽  
Study Test ◽  
Explicit Feedback

Abstract. To date there has been relatively little research within the domain of metamemory that examines how individuals monitor their performance during memory tests, and whether the outcome of such monitoring informs subsequent memory predictions for novel items. In the current study, we sought to determine whether spontaneous monitoring of test performance can in fact help individuals better appreciate their memory abilities, and in turn shape future judgments of learning (JOLs). Specifically, in two experiments we examined recognition memory for visual images across three study-test cycles, each of which contained novel images. We found that across cycles, participants’ JOLs did in fact increase, reflecting metacognitive sensitivity to near-perfect levels of recognition memory performance. This finding suggests that individuals can and do monitor their test performance in the absence of explicit feedback, and further underscores the important role that test experience can play in shaping metacognitive evaluations of learning and remembering.

Perceptual Effects and Recollective Experience in Face Recognition

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chrisanthi Nega
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Congruency Effect ◽  
Facial Recognition ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Study Time ◽  
Perceptual Fluency ◽  
Recollective Experience ◽  
Trace Strength ◽  
Size Congruency

Abstract. Four experiments were conducted investigating the effect of size congruency on facial recognition memory, measured by remember, know and guess responses. Different study times were employed, that is extremely short (300 and 700 ms), short (1,000 ms), and long times (5,000 ms). With the short study time (1,000 ms) size congruency occurred in knowing. With the long study time the effect of size congruency occurred in remembering. These results support the distinctiveness/fluency account of remembering and knowing as well as the memory systems account, since the size congruency effect that occurred in knowing under conditions that facilitated perceptual fluency also occurred independently in remembering under conditions that facilitated elaborative encoding. They do not support the idea that remember and know responses reflect differences in trace strength.

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