scholarly journals Aptamer Sandwich Assay for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Antigen

ACS Omega ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marketa Svobodova ◽  
Vasso Skouridou ◽  
Miriam Jauset-Rubio ◽  
Irene Viéitez ◽  
Alberto Fernández-Villar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spike Protein ◽  
Protein Antigen ◽  
Sandwich Assay

scholarly journals A Review of SARS-CoV-2, Responsible for COVID-19: History, Biology, Infection Mechanism, Antigenic Vaccines, their Risks and How an Alternate RBD Vaccine is Safer?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.M.G. Sarwar Jahangir ◽  
Arleta Helena Marnik
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Antibody Production ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Protein Antigen ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
S Protein ◽  
Infection Mechanism ◽  
Fast Acting ◽  
Stimulate Antibody

The SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome)-CoV (Coronavirus)-2 S(spike)-protein mRNA/cDNA currently being used as vaccines are antigenic but not antigens against SARS-CoV-2, that causes COVID (Coronavirus Disease) -19. Furthermore, the mRNA and cDNA antigenic vaccines also have potentials for homologous as well as heterologous recombination, primarily into the somatic cell DNA of the vaccine recipients. On the contrary, a SARS-CoV-2 RBD-protein antigen, a part of the S-protein, will directly stimulate antibody production against SARS-CoV-2. Hence, a vaccine composed of SARS-CoV-2 RBD-protein as a safer, fast acting, and effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 and thus against COVID-19. This is also useful for some immune compromised individuals.

scholarly journals A Review of SARS-CoV-2, Responsible for COVID-19: History, Biology, Infection Mechanism, Antigenic Vaccines, Their Risks and how an Alternate RBD Vaccine is Safer?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.M.G. Sarwar Jahangir ◽  
Arleta Helena Marnik
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Antibody Production ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Protein Antigen ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
S Protein ◽  
Infection Mechanism ◽  
Fast Acting ◽  
Stimulate Antibody

The SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome)-CoV (Coronavirus)-2 S(spike)-protein mRNA/cDNA currently being used as vaccines are antigenic but not antigens against SARS-CoV-2, that causes COVID (Coronavirus Disease) -19. Furthermore, the mRNA and cDNA antigenic vaccines also have potentials for homologous as well as heterologous recombination, primarily into the somatic cell DNA of the vaccine recipients. On the contrary, a SARS-CoV-2 RBD-protein antigen, a part of the S-protein, will directly stimulate antibody production against SARS-CoV-2. Hence, a vaccine composed of SARS-CoV-2 RBD-protein as a safer, fast acting, and effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 and thus against COVID-19. This is also useful for some immune compromised individuals.

scholarly journals Humoral and cell-mediated response in colostrum after exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vignesh Narayanaswamy ◽  
Brian Pentecost ◽  
Dominique Alfandari ◽  
Emily Chin ◽  
Kathleen Minor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
New Mothers ◽  
Sandwich Assay ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Liquid Samples

AbstractBackgroundColostrum provides an immune sharing between a mother and her infant. The transfer in colostrum of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and the elicited cytokines may provide crucial protection to the infant. There is limited literature on the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 present in colostrum.ObjectiveTo evaluate the presence of antibodies specific to SARS-CoV-2 and the associated cytokines in colostrum from women who tested positive for the virus.Study DesignBetween March and September 2020 we obtained bilateral colostrum samples collected on spot cards within 48 hours of delivery from 15 new mothers who had previously tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Five of these 15 COVID-19 positive women also provided bilateral liquid colostrum within 1-2 days of providing the spot card samples. Archived bilateral colostrum samples collected from 8 women during 2011-2013 were used as pre-COVID-19 controls. All samples were tested for reactivity to the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using an ELISA that measures SARS-CoV-2 RBD-specific IgA, IgG, and IgM, and for concentrations of 10 inflammatory cytokines (IFNγ, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13) using a multiplex electrochemiluminescent sandwich assay.ResultsBilateral colostrum samples from 73%, 73% and 33% of the 15 COVID-19 mothers exhibited IgA, IgG, and IgM reactivity to RBD respectively. Colostrum samples from two of the 8 pre-pandemic controls showed IgA and IgG reactivity to RBD. Additionally, COVID-19 mothers had significantly higher levels of 9 of the 10 inflammatory markers (all except IFNγ) as compared to the pre-COVID-19 controls. Comparable results were obtained with both the spot card-eluates and liquid samples.ConclusionsA strong humoral immune response is present in the colostrum of women who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 before delivering. High levels of 9 inflammatory markers were also present in the colostrum. The evolution and duration of the antibody response, as well as dynamics of the cytokine response, remain to be determined. Our results also indicate that future large-scale studies can be conducted with milk easily collected on paper spot cards.

scholarly journals Sistem Informasi Monitoring Covid-19 Berbasis Web

JUTI UNISI ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
Dwi Yuli Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Protein S ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Protein Antigen ◽  
Virus Protein ◽  
Oxidizing Agent ◽  
Performance Information ◽  
Information Economy ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Virus Rna

Corona virus merupakan virus RNA strain tunggal positif, berkapsul dan tidak bersegmen. Corona virus tergolong ordo Nidovirales, keluarga Corona viridae.Struktur corona virus membentuk struktur seperti kubus dengan protein S berlokasi di permukaan virus. Protein S atau spike protein merupakan salah satu protein antigen utama virus dan merupakan struktur utama untuk penulisan gen. Protein S ini berperan dalam penempelan dan masuknya virus kedalam sel host (interaksi protein S dengan reseptornya di sel inang). Coronavirus bersifat sensitif terhadap panas dan secara efektif dapat dinonaktifkan oleh desinfektan mengandung klorin, pelarut lipid dengan suhu 56℃ selama 30 menit, eter, alcohol, asam perioksiasetat, detergen non-ionik, formalin, oxidizing agent dan kloroform. Klorheksidin tidak efektif dalam menonaktifkan virus. Covid 19 atau lebih dikenal dengan sebutan virus  corona mulai muncul pada akhir tahun 2019, dan perkembangan jumlah yang terinfeksi covid 19 setiap hari nya terus bertambah, bahkan jumlah yang meninggal dunia lebih tinggi dari pada jumlah yang sembuh. Orang yang lebih rentan tertular covid 19 ini yaitu yang berusia 50 tahun ke atas.Permasalahan yang sedang di hadapi sekarang yaitu masyarakat kesulitan dalam memantau informasi seputar perkembangan virus corona. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membangun sistem informasi monitoring covid 19 berbasis web untuk mempermudah masyarakat dalam melakukan pemantauan terhadap perkembangan covid-19 yang ada di indonesia maupun global. Teknik perancangan sistem menggunakan metode PIECES (Performance, Information, Economy, Control, Eficiency and Service) dan Tools UML (Unified Modelling Languange).Hasil penelitian ini adalah sebuah sitem informasi monitoring covid-19 berbasisweb.

Thermodynamics of the interaction between the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome- coronavirus-2 and the receptor of human angiotensin converting enzyme 2. Effects of possible ligands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Garcia-Iriepa ◽  
Cecilia Hognon ◽  
Antonio Francés-Monerris ◽  
Isabel Iriepa ◽  
Tom Miclot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Design ◽  
Binding Free Energy ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Rational Molecular Design ◽  
Rational Evaluation

<div><p>Since the end of 2019, the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has caused more than 180,000 deaths all over the world, still lacking a medical treatment despite the concerns of the whole scientific community. Human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) was recently recognized as the transmembrane protein serving as SARS-CoV-2 entry point into cells, thus constituting the first biomolecular event leading to COVID-19 disease. Here, by means of a state-of-the-art computational approach, we propose a rational evaluation of the molecular mechanisms behind the formation of the complex and of the effects of possible ligands. Moreover, binding free energy between ACE2 and the active Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is evaluated quantitatively, assessing the molecular mechanisms at the basis of the recognition and the ligand-induced decreased affinity. These results boost the knowledge on the molecular grounds of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and allow to suggest rationales useful for the subsequent rational molecular design to treat severe COVID-19 cases.</p></div>

Sitagliptin: a potential drug for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanaa Bardaweel
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Antimalarial Drug ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Potential Drug ◽  
Chemokine Production ◽  
Drug Discovery And Development ◽  
Sequence Identity

Recently, an outbreak of fatal coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has emerged from China and is rapidly spreading worldwide. As the coronavirus pandemic rages, drug discovery and development become even more challenging. Drug repurposing of the antimalarial drug chloroquine and its hydroxylated form had demonstrated apparent effectiveness in the treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical trials. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein shares 31.9% sequence identity with the spike protein presents in the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus (MERS-CoV), which infects cells through the interaction of its spike protein with the DPP4 receptor found on macrophages. Sitagliptin, a DPP4 inhibitor, that is known for its antidiabetic, immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory, and beneficial cardiometabolic effects has been shown to reverse macrophage responses in MERS-CoV infection and reduce CXCL10 chemokine production in AIDS patients. We suggest that Sitagliptin may be beneficial alternative for the treatment of COVID-19 disease especially in diabetic patients and patients with preexisting cardiovascular conditions who are already at higher risk of COVID-19 infection.

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